形容词副词知识点

形容词副词知识点
形容词副词知识点

【形容词用法讲解】

考试要求:

形容词的中考要求是:形容词的基本用法,形容词的比较级和最高级;某些特殊变化的形容词的比较级和最高级(good-better-best等);形容词的同级比较(as/ so ... as...的用法);形容词比较级的叠加句型(…more and more beautiful)等。

1. 形容词的知识点:

形容词是用来形容和修饰名词的一类词。大多数形容词具有比较级,形容词的位置一般在其修饰的名词前面。形容词在句子中一般可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。如:

I want to buy a green sweater. 我想买一件绿色的毛衣。(定语)

Our headmaster is ill again.我们的校长又生病了。(表语)

My dog’s death made me very sad. (宾语补足语)

形容词的种类一般有:

(1) 简单的形容词有:good 好的,green 绿色的,long 长的,bright 明亮的

(2) 带有前缀a-的形容词: afraid 害怕的,alike 相同的,asleep 睡着的

(3) 由动词的分词构成的形容词:

interesting 有兴趣的,exciting 令人兴奋的;tired 疲劳的;spoiled 宠坏的

(4) 复合形容词:

数词+名词+形容词,如:five-year-old 五岁的;

名词+现在分词,如:heart-breaking 令人伤心的;

形容词+现在分词,如:good-looking 英俊的。

2. 形容词的比较等级:

形容词一般有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。一般来说,表示两者同等或不同等程度时用原级,通常用“as + 形容词原级 + as ...”或“not as (so)+ 形容词原级 + as ...”的结构。如:

My brother is as tall as I. 我弟弟和我一样高。

The weather in Beijing is not so hot as that in Wuhan. 北京没有武汉热。

表示两者的比较时用比较级,通常用“形容词比较级+than”的结构。如:

I am much better than I was yesterday. 我比昨天好多了。

Math is less interesting than English. 数学不如英语有兴趣。

表示一定范围内两者以上的比较时,用最高级,通常用“the + 形容词最高级(+名词) + of (in) ...”的结构。如:

This is the busiest day of the week. 这是我本周最繁忙的一天。

3. 形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则:

规则变化:

(1) 单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。如:tall-taller-tallest

(2) 以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。例如:brave-braver-bravest。

(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,要双写这个辅音字母再加-er/-est。

如:big-bigger-biggest;hot-hotter-hottest。

(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est。

如:happy-happier-happiest。

(5) 其他双音节词和多音节的词,在前面加more和most。如:

interesting-more interesting-most interesting

不规则变化:

good-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst many/much-more-most

little-less-least far-farther-farthest

4. 形容词的比较级的其他用法:

(1) 两者相比表示倍数的时候用twice (...times) as+原级+as结构。

如:His mistakes are twice as many as yours in the homework.

他家庭作业的错误是你的二倍。

(2) 比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。如:The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大多了。

(3) 比较级的前面可以用any和no来修饰。

如:We were too tired to walk any farther. 我们太疲劳了不能再走很远了。

He was no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子。

(4) 两个形容词的比较级可以叠加表示“越来越”的意思。

其结构可以是:比较级+and+比较级,而多音节词可以用more and more+比较级结构。如:The days are getting longer and longer. 天正变得越来越长了。

Your sister becomes more and more beautiful. 你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。

(5) 当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或者else排除自己,因为自己不能和自己比较。

如:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他的城市大。

如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候,则不存在和自己比较的情况,所以可以不用other 或者else。

如:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang. 上海比黑龙江的任何城市都大。

【用法讲解】

考试要求:

副词的中考要求是:副词的分类和基本用法,副词的比较级和最高级;某些特殊变化的副词的比较级和最高级(well-better-best等);副词的同级比较(as/ so ... as...的用法)及副词在句中的位置。

知识总结:

1.副词的分类

1)时间副词:

ago, already, before, ever, early, late, just, now, once, soon, still, then等2)地点、方位副词:

straight, upstairs, downstairs, above, along, around, outside, inside, behind,here,there等

3)方式副词:

safely, quietly, quickly, politely, loudly, luckily, happily, easily, carefully,

slowly, suddenly等

4)程度副词:

very, only, quite, almost, even, a little, enough, rather, a lot, badly, nearly, further, widely等

5)频度副词:never, sometimes, usually, often, always等

6)疑问副词:when,where,why,how, how long,how soon,how often,how far等7)关系副词:whom,where,why等

2.副词的用法

1)修饰动词作状语

He walked quietly into his bedroom. 他安静地走进他的卧室。

2)修饰形容词作状语

You have a very nice watch. 你有一块非常好看的手表。

3)作表语,位于系动词后

How long will she be away她要离开多久

4)作定语

The people there love peace. 那儿的人们热爱和平。

3.副词的位置

1) 多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。

I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。

I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。

2) 副词修饰形容词、副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。

It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。

He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。

3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。

I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。

You mustn't always help me. 你不必一直帮助我。

4) 疑问副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子的前面。

When do you study every day 你每天什么时间学习

First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。

5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。

We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.

昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.

What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon

昨天下午你在教室里干什么

6)否定副词在句首,句子要倒装。

Never have I felt so excited!

4.副词的比较级及最高级的变化规则

规则变化:

1) 单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。例如: hard-harder-hardest

2) 以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。例如:wide-wider-widest

3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est。

例如:early-earlier-earliest

4) 部分双音节词和大部分多音节的词,在前面加more和most。

例如:slowly—more slowly—most slowly

carefully-more carefully-most carefully

不规则变化:

well-better-best much-more-most little-less-least

far-farther-farthest badly-worse-worst

5.副词的比较级的其他用法

1) 在同级比较的结构as/ so+原级+as...的前面可用just,almost,nearly和half等表示程度。例如:He doesn’t study half so hard as you. 他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。

The wind blew more and more strongly. 风吹得越来越猛了。

2) 比较级前面可以用much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰,表示程度。

We will come back a little later. 我们会稍迟一点回来。

3) 两个副词的比较级可以叠加表示“越来越”的意思。

其结构可以是:比较级+and+比较级,而多音节词可以用more and more+比较级结构。例如:He works harder and harder. 他工作的越来越努力。

Your sister becomes more and more beautiful. 你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。4) 如果表示“越……,就越……”可以用“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”的结构。例如:The harder you works, the more you will get. 你越努力学习,你得到的就越多。

5) 当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或else排除自己,因为自己不能和自己比较。

例如:The girl sings better than any other girl in her class.

那个女孩比她们班其他女孩都唱得好。

如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候,则不存在和自己比较的情况,所以可以不用other 或者else。

例如:The boy in our class came to school earlier than any students in that class.

我们班的那个男孩比那个班的任何学生到校早。

形容词和副词的比较级口诀

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B 表示双方情况"不(那么)一样",用not so / as + 原级+ as的结构。在这两种结构中,第一个as是副词,而第二个as是连词;在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格(一般不要接代词的宾格)。例如: My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹与他的一样沉。 His bedroom is not as neat as his sister's. 他的卧室没有他姐姐的整洁。 It is not so hot as yesterday. 今天不象昨天那么热。 * 在as …as 的结构中,我们还常见这样两种句型:as much + 不可数名词+ as 和as many + 复数可数名词+ as 。例如: He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单字。 二、形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。

英语形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下 (1) 符合规则的: (2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表: 二.形容词和副词比较级的用法

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3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est; 如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est; 如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest 5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most; 如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily 注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。 例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

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