医学英语常见前缀与后缀

基础医学英语构词法之前后缀

Holism

preffixes Meaning Examples Direction Hyper- over,above,excessive hypertension 高血压Ab- from,away from abnormal 异常

Ad- to, toward,near adhesion 粘连

Peri- around,surrounding pericaridium 心包Quality Mal- ill,bad,poor malnutrition 营养不良Ant(i)- against antibacterial 抗菌

Hypo- deficient hypothyroid 甲减的Quantity Bi- two bilateral 两侧的Tri- three triamylose 葡萄三聚糖

Poly- many,much polycystic 多囊的Type Aut(o)- self autologous 自体的Bio- life biopsy 活组织检查

Phon(o)- sound,voice phonocardiography 心音描记术Position Hypo- under,beneath hypodermic 皮下的Post- after,behind postpartum 产后的

Pro- before,in front of procephalic 头前部的

Sub- under,below subcutaneous 皮下的

Retro- behind,backward retroversion 后倾症

Inter- between,among interscapular 肩胛间的

Ex- out (of),away from excision 切除

Intra- in,within intraoperative 手术中的

Intro- into introinjection 内向投射

Pre- before prepyloric 幽门前的

extra- outside (of） extravasation 外渗

The musculoskeletal system

Prefixes Meaning Examples Ankyl(o)- crooked or stiff ankylotic 关节强硬地Anthr(o)- joint(articulation) articular 关节的Brachi(o)- arm brachium 肱Cervic(o)- neck cervical 颈部的Chondr(o)- cartilage chondral 软骨的Cost(o)- rib intercostal 肋间的Crani(o)- skull cranial 颅的Dactyl(o)- digit(finger or toe) dactylomegaly巨蹼分离术Fasci(o)- fascia(a band) faciodesis 筋膜固定术Femor(o)- femur femoral 股骨的Fibr(o)- fiber fibrous 纤维的Kyph(o)- humpback kyphosis 驼背的Lei(o)- smooth leiomyoma 平滑肌瘤Lord(o)- bent lordosis 脊柱前弯症

Lumb(o)- loin(lower back) lumbar 腰的Myel(o)- (bone) marrow myelitis 骨髓炎My(o)- muscle myalgia 肌痛Myos(o)- muscle myositis 肌炎Musculo(o)- muscle muscular 肌的Oste(o)- bone osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Patell(o)- knee cap patellar 膝盖骨的Pelv(i)- pelvic(cavity) pelvic 骨盆的Radi(o)- radius radial 桡骨Rhabd(o)- rod rhabdomyoma 横纹肌瘤Sarc(o)- flesh sarcoma 肉瘤Scoli(o)- twisted scoliosis 脊柱侧凸Spondyl(o)- vertebra spondylitis 脊椎炎Stern(o)- sternum(breastbone) sternocostal 胸肋的Ten(o)- tendon(to stretch) tenodesis 肌腱固定术Tendin(o)- tendon tendonitis 腱炎Thorac(o)- chest thoracic 胸的Ton(o)- tone or tension myotonia 肌强直Uln(o)- ulna ulnar 尺骨的Vertebr(o)- vertebra vertebral 椎骨的

The nervous system

preffixes Meaning Examples Arthr(o)- articulation dysarthria 构音困难Cerebell(o)- cerebellum（little brain) cerebellar 小脑的Cerebr(o)- cereberum(largest part of brain) cerebrotomy脑切开术Comat(o)- deep sleep comatose 昏迷Crani(o)- skull cranium 头盖骨Dur(o)- dura mater subdural 硬模下的Encephal(o)- brain encephalasthenia 脑衰弱Esthesi(o)- sensation hyperesthesia 感觉过敏Gangli(o)- ganglion(knot) ganglioneuroma 神经节细胞瘤Gli(o)- neuroglia gliomas 神经胶质瘤Gnos(o)- knowing gnosis 灵知Hypn(o)- sleep hypnosis 催眠状态Lept(o)- thin,slender leptomeningitis 柔脑膜炎Lex(o)- word or phase dyslexia 诵读困难Mening(o)- menbranes meningocele 脑（脊）膜突出Meningi(o)- meninges meningitis 脑膜炎Narc(o)- stupor,sleep narcotic 麻醉药Neur(o)- nerve neuralgia 神经痛Phob(o)- exaggerated fear phobia 恐惧症Phren(o)- mind schizophrenia 精神分裂症Pont(o)- pons cerebellopontine 小脑脑桥Psych(o)- mind psychotic 精神病

Radicul(o)- nerve foot radiculopathy 神经病根病Schiz(o)- split schizoid 精神分裂症的Somn(i)- sleep somnific 催眠的Somat(o)- corps somatesthesia 躯体感觉Spin(o)- spine(thorn) spinal 脊髓的Tax(o)- order,coordination ataxia 共济失调Thalam(o)- thalamus thalamic 丘脑的Thec(o)- sheath intrathecal 鞘内的Thym(o)- corps dysthymia 精神抑郁Vag(o)- vagus nerve vagal 迷走神经的

The circulatory system

preffixes Meaning Examples Angi(o)- vessel angiogram 心血管照影术Aort(o)- aorta aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄Arter(o)- artery arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Ather(o)- fatty substance atheroma 动脉粥样化Atrei(o)- heart chamber atrioventricular 房室的Cardi(o)- heart cardiomegaly 心肥大Coron(o)- crown coronary artery冠状动脉Hem(o)- blood hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemat(o)- blood hematopericardium 心包积血Pericardi(o)- pericardium pericardiocentesis 心包穿刺Phleb(o)- vein phelbitis 静脉炎Rhythm(o)- rhythm arrhythmia 心律不齐Sphygm(o)- pulse sphygmomanometer 血压计Steth(o)- chest stethoscope 听诊器Thromb(o)- clot thrombolysis 血栓溶解Valvul(o)- valve valvuloplasty 瓣膜成形术Vas(o)- vessel vasoconstriction 血管收缩Vascul(o)- vessel vascular 脉管的Ven(o)- vein venous 静脉的Ventricul(o)- lower heart chamber ventriculotomy 心室切开术Cor(o)- circle or crown coronary 冠状的Isch(o)- deficiency ischemia 局部缺血Brady- slow bradycardia 心动过缓Tachy- fast tachycardia 心动过速Electr(o)- electricity electrocardiogram 心电图

The respiratory system

preffixes Meaning Examples Alveoli(o)- alveolus,air sac alveolar 肺泡的Bronch(o)- bronchus bronchodilation 支气管扩张Bronchi(o)- bronchiole bronchiolitis 细支气管炎Cyan(o)- blue cyanosis 发绀Laryng(o)- larynx laryngospasm 喉痉挛

Lob(o)- lobe of lung lobectomy 叶切除术Mediastin(o)- mediastinum mediastinoscopy 纵膈镜检查Nas(o)- nose nasogastric 鼻胃的Orth(o)- straight orthopnea 端坐呼吸Ox(o)- oxygen hypoxia 缺氧Pector(o)- chest expectoration 咳出Pharyng(o)- pharynx pharyngeal 咽的Phon(o)- voice dysphonia 发声困难Phren(o)- diaphragm phrenic 膈的Pleur(o）- pleura pleurotomy 胸膜切开术Pneum(o)- lung,air pneumonia 肺炎Pulm(o)- lung pulmometry 肺容量测定Rhin(o)- nose rhinorrhea 鼻液溢Sinus(o)- sinus sinusitis 鼻窦炎Spir(o)- breathing spirometer 肺活量计Thorac(o)- chest thoracotomy 胸廓切开术Tonsil(o)- tonsils tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术Trache(o)- trachea tracheospasm 气管痉挛

The Digestive Syestem

preffixes Meaning Examples an(o)- anus transanal经肛的cec(o)- cecum cecoptosis盲肠下垂chol(o)- bile,gall cholelith 胆石cholangi(o)- common bile duct cholangiogram胆管照影照片choledoch(o)- bile duct choledochal胆总管的cholecyst(o)- gallbladder cholecystalgia胆绞痛col(o),colon(o)- colon colocentesis结肠穿刺术duoden(o)- duodenum duodenoscopy十二指肠镜检查enter(o)- intestine parenteral非肠道的esophag(o)- esophagus esophageal食管的gastr(o)- stomach gastroparesis胃轻瘫hepat(o)- liver hepatocyte 肝细胞ile(o)- ileum ileectomy 回肠切除术jejun(o)- jejunum jejunotomy空肠切开术labi(o)- lip libiodental唇齿的lingu(o)- tongue sublingual舌下的odont(o)- tooth,teeth odontolysis牙质溶解or(o)- mouth perioral口周的palat(o)- palate palatorrhaphy腭裂修复术pharyng(o)- pharynx pharyngoglossal咽舌的pancreat(o)- pancreas pancreatolysis胰组织破坏proct(o)- rectum proctopexy直肠固定术pylor/o- pylorus pylorostenosis幽门狭窄rect(o)- retum rectocele直肠脱出

sigmoid(o)- sigmoid colon sigmoidoscope乙状结肠镜stomo,stomat(o)- mouth stomoschisis口裂

The Urinary System

Prefixes Meaning Examples Urin(o)- urine urinary 泌尿的Nephr(o)- kidney nephritis肾炎Ren(o)- kidney renal肾的Ureter(o)- ureter ureterscopy输尿管造口术Vesic(o)- bladder vesicorectal膀胱直肠的Cyst(o)- bladder cystography膀胱照影术Meat(o)- urethra meatoplasty尿道成形术Urethr(o)- urethra urethral 尿道的Erythr(o)- red erythrocyte红细胞End(o)- inside endocellular细胞内的Para- beside paranephric肾旁的Peri- around perinephritis肾周炎Pyel(o)- renal pelvis pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎Pelvi- renal pelvis pelviscopy肾盂检查术Glomerul(o)- glomerulus glomerulitis肾小球炎

The immune system

Prefixes Meaning Examples Allerg(o)- oversensitivity allergen 变应原Anaphylact(o)- anaphylaxis anaphylatoxin 过敏毒素Antigen(o)- antigen antigenotherapy 抗原疗法Cerebr(o)- brain cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的Humor(o)- liquid humoralism 体液学说Immun(o)- immunity immunology 免疫学Lymph(o)- lymph lymphoma 淋巴瘤Macr(o)- large macrocyte 巨红细胞Malari- malaria malariology 疟疾学Muc(o)- mucus mucoprotein 粘蛋白Necr(o)- death necrosis 坏死Parasit(o)- parasite parasitemia 寄生虫血症Prot(o)- beginning protooncogene 原癌基因Splen(o)- spleen spleenic 脾的thyme（o)- thymus thymocyte 胸腺细胞

Psychology

Preffixes Meaning Examples Anthrp(o)- human anthropotomy 人体解剖Bio- life bioactivator 生物活性剂Conduct(o)- conduction conductivity 传导性Gen(o)- gene genecoversion基因转变Hemo- blood hemocytoblast 成血细胞Hidr(o)- sweating hidropoiesis 汗分泌

Hist(o)- tissue histochemistry组织化学Humor(o)- liquid humorism 体液学说Hypn(o)- sleep hypnotherapy 催眠疗法Lacrim(o)- tear lacrimotomy 泪囊切开术Lact(o)- milk lactation 哺乳Matur- maturation maturity 成熟Nutri(o)- nutrition nutriology 营养学Physi(o)- nature physiology 生理学Potenti(o)- potential potentiality 潜在性Rhythm(o)- rhythm cacorhythmic 节律不齐的Ser(o)- serum serodiagnosis 血清学诊断Somn(o/i)- sleep insomnia 失眠Splen(o)- spleen splenatrophy 脾萎缩Troph(o)- nutrition trophoblast 滋养层

Histoembryology

Preffixes Meaning Examples Cyt(o)- cell cytoanatomy 细胞解剖学Fibr(o)- fiber fibroblast 成纤维细胞Hist(o)- tissue histology 组织学Men(o)- menstruation menopathy 月经病Lamin(o)- layer laminogram 体层照片Mit(o)- thread mitochondria 线粒体Ovari(o)- ovary ovaritis 卵巢炎Placent(o)- placenta placentitis 胎盘炎Port(o)- door portography 门静脉造影术Sarc(o)- flesh sarcoma 肉瘤Sin(o)- sinus sinoatrial 窦房的Thec(o)- sheath thecoplasm 鞘质Kary(o)- nucleus karyochrome 核染色细胞

Cloning and Genes

Preffixes Meaning Examples All(o)- other,different allogenic 异源的Andr(o)- male androgen 雄激素Chrom(o)- color lysosome 溶酶体Eu- good eugenics 优生学Gen(o)- gene genetics 遗传学Gynec(o)- female gynecology 妇科学Heter(o)- other,different heteronuclear 异核的Hom(o)- same homopolymer 同聚体Iso- equal isomorphous 同形的Multi- many,much multinuclear 多核的Ov(o)- egg ovogenesis 卵子发生Ovari(o)- ovary ovariocentesis 卵巢穿刺术Poly- many,much polygenic 多基因的

Semin(o)- seed,sperm seminology 精液学Syn- with,together syngenic 同基因的

Pathyology

Preffixes Meaning Examples Aut(o)- self autolysis 自溶 autograft 自体移植Carcin(o)- cancer carcinoma 癌 carcinogen 致癌物Fluor(o）- fluorine fluoride 氟化物 flurooscopy 荧光镜检查Hist(o)- tissue histolysis 组织溶解 histology 组织学Immun(o)- immune immunity 免疫 immunoassay 免疫测定Meta- along with metastasis 转移 metaplasia 化生My(o)- muscle myoatropy 肌萎缩 myocardium 心肌Myc(o)- fungus mycosis真菌病 erythromycin 红霉素Necr(o)- dead body necrosis 坏死 necrotic 坏死的Nucle(o)- nucleus nuclear 核的 nucleoplasm 核质Olig(o)- few,little oligoclone 寡克隆 oliguria 少尿Path(o)- illness pathology 病理学 pathogen 致病菌Poli(o)- grey poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎 polioencephalitis脑灰质炎Pylor(o)- pylorus pylorospasm 幽门痉挛 pyloric 幽门的

Medication

Preffixes Meaning Examples Anti- against antibiotic抗生素Contr(o)- against controindication禁忌症Multi- many,muth multicell多细胞体Nar(o)- numbness nacrosis麻醉Olig(o)- few,less obligemia血量减少Pharmoc(o)- drug pharmocology药理学Toxic(o)- poison toxicology毒理学Py(o)- pus pyoarthrosis关节积脓

Microbiology

Preffixes Meaning Examples A(n)- not,without anemia 贫血 aborticide 堕胎药Anti- against antigen 抗原 antibody 抗体Bacilli(o)- bacillus bacillosis 杆菌病bacilluria杆菌尿Bacteri(o)- bacteria bacterium细菌 bacteriolysin溶菌素Bi(o)- life biopsy 活检 biocide 杀菌剂Chromo- pigment cytochrome细胞色素chromosome染色体Enter(o)- intestine enteritis肠炎 enterococcus肠球菌Eti(o)- cause etiology病因学 etiotropic 针对病因Fungi- fungus fungicide 杀真菌剂 fungistasis 制霉菌作用Gen(o)- gene genome 基因genetics 遗传学Gluc(o)- glucose glucoprotein糖蛋白 glucocorticoid糖皮质激素Hepat(o)- liver hepatitis 肝炎 hepatocele 肝突出Heter(o)- different heterogamete异形配子 heteroimmunity异种免疫Hom(o)- same homogenic 同体的homograft 同种移植的

Onc(o)- tumor oncogene 致癌基因oncology 肿瘤学

Path(o)- disease pathogen 病原体 pathology 病理学

A survey of medicine

Preffixes Meaning Examples

Aden(o)- gland adenine 腺嘌呤 adenocarcinoma 腺癌

Aesthesi(o)- feeling aesthetics 美学 anaesthesia 麻醉

Cephal(o)- head cephalosporin头孢菌素megacephaly巨头畸形

Chol(o)- bile choleric 胆汁质的 cholecyst 胆囊

Electr(o)- electron electroencephalogram 脑电图

Nan(o)- millimicro nanometer 纳米 nanodosimetry 超微计量学

Phil(o)- love hemophilus 嗜血杆菌 philosophy 哲学

Steth(o)- chest stethoscope 听诊器 stethoscopy 听诊法

Trans- across transaminase 转氨酶 transcription 转录

Suffixes of medical English

Suffixes Meaning Examples -able 能 palpable可触知的

-algia,algesia 痛 odontalgia牙痛 analgesia 痛觉消失

-ant 剂 disinfectant消毒剂

-ase 酶 amylase淀粉酶

-asthenia 衰弱，无力 neurasthenia神经衰弱 myasthenia肌无力

-ate 盐 carbonate碳酸盐 sulfate硫酸盐

-blast 母细胞 fibroblast成纤维母细胞

-cardia 心 bradycardia心动徐缓

-cele 肿物 hydrocele鞘膜积液，水囊肿

-centesis 穿刺术 thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术

-chrom 色素 cytochrome细胞色素

-cide kill germicide 杀菌剂

-clast 破裂 osteoclast破骨细胞

-clone clone monoclone 单克隆

-clysis 灌洗 coloclysis结肠灌洗

-coccus coccus streptococcus 链球菌

-crine 分泌 paracrine旁分泌

-cyst 囊 cholecyst胆囊

-cyte 细胞 granulocyte粒细胞

-derma 皮 erythroderma红皮病

-duplicate double metaredupliccate 中期增值

-dynia 痛 osteodynia骨痛 acrodynia肢痛症

-ectasis 扩张 gastrectasis胃扩张

-ectomy 切除术 appendectomy阑尾切除术

-emia 血症 bacteremia菌血症

-ent 剂 incipient赋形剂

-esthesia 感觉 paresthesia感觉异常 anesthesia麻醉

-fast 耐，抗 acid-fast耐酸的，抗酸的

-form 形 piriform梨状

-fuge 驱除剂 vermifuge驱虫剂-gamy marriage heterogamy 异配增值-gen 原 pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原-geneis 发生，形成 spermatogenesis精子发生-gony 生殖 gametogony配子生殖-gram 图，照片 cardiaogram心动图 radiogram放射照片-graph 扫描器，照片 electrocardiaograph心电图机-graphy 照相术，描计数 radiography 放射照相术-ia 病理状态 anoxia 缺氧症-iasis 病 amebiasis阿米巴病-ide 化物 iodiode碘化物-in 剂 insulin 胰岛素-ism 状态，中毒 metabolism botulism肉毒中毒-ite 亚……盐 sulfite亚硫酸盐-it is 炎症 epiphysitis骨骺炎 bronchitis支气管炎-lepsy seizure epilepsy 癫痫症-lith 石 nephrolith肾结石-logy 学 dermatology皮肤病学-lysis 溶解 histolysis组织溶解-malacia 软化 osteomalacia骨软化-megaly 巨大 hepatomegaly肝大-meter 表，计 sphygnomanometer血压计-metry 测量法 spirometry肺活量测定法-mimetic 拟似 cholinomimetic拟胆碱的-oid 样，类 fibrinoid纤维蛋白样的 lipoid类脂-oma 瘤 osteoma骨瘤-opia 眼 asthenopia眼疲劳-opsy examination autopsy尸体解剖 necropsy 尸体剖检-ose 糖 sucrose蔗糖-osis 病态 alkalosis碱中毒-ostomy 造口术 ventriculoatriostomy脑室心房造口术-para 产，产妇 primipara初产妇-paresis slight paralysis hemiparesis 轻偏瘫-pathy 病 nephropathy肾病-penia 减少，缺乏 leukopenia白细胞减少-pexy 固定术 enteropexy肠固定术-phage one that eats bacteriophage 噬菌体-phasia speech aphasia 失语症-phil(e) 嗜好 eosinophile嗜酸性细胞 chromophile易染的-phobia 恐怖 hydrophobia狂犬病-phylaxis prevention prophylaxis 疾病预防-plasia 生长 hyperplasia增生-plasm 形成物，质 nucleoplasm核质-plasty 成形术 rhinoplasty鼻成形术

-plegia 瘫痪 paraplegia截瘫-pnea 呼吸 dyspnea呼吸困难-poiesis 生成 erythropoiesis红细胞生成-praxia action apraxia 精神性失用症-ptosis 下垂 gastroptosis胃下垂-ptysis 咯出 hemoptysis咯血-receptor 受体 chemoreceptor 化学受体-rrhage,rrhagia 喷出，出血 hemorehage gastrorrhagia -rrhaphy 缝术 angiorrhaphy血管缝合术-rrhea 流 diarrhea腹泻-rrhexis 破裂 phleborrhexis静脉破裂-scope 镜 microscope显微镜-scopy 检查法 celioscopy腹腔镜检查法-some 小体 chromosome染色体-stasis 停滞 hemostasis止血-static 抑制的 carcinostatic 制癌的-staxis 出血 epistaxis鼻出血-sthenia strengh neurasthenia 神经衰弱症-stomy 造口术;吻合术 colostomy jejunocolostomy -thelium thelium epithelium 上皮-therapy 治疗 radiotherapy放射治疗-thorax pleural cavity hemothorax 血胸-tomy 切开术 gastrotomy胃切开术-tonia 紧张 myotonia肌紧张-tropic 对……起作用 adrenalotropic 促肾上腺的-trophy growth hypertrophy肥大 dystrophy营养不良-uria 尿 hematuria血尿-zoon,zoa(pl.) 动物 spermatozoon精子 protozoa原虫