高考英语语法复习主谓致和特殊句式讲义
主谓一致和特殊句式
主谓一致的核心考点
1.就近一致原则
(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.
2.意义一致原则
(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况
①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population 等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
3.语法一致原则
(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语
①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
(3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
题组训练1
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The writer and translator is(be) delivering a speech in our school now.
2.He or I am(be) to go.
3.Are(be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?
4.Ten years is(be) a moment in history.
5.A third of his compositions have(have) been corrected.
6.The unknown is(be) always something to be feared.
倒装句的核心考点
1.全部倒装
(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。
Look，there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，
out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There g oes the phone.I’ll answer it.
(3)such作表语置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes.
(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In the center of the square stands a monument.
(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
2.部分倒装
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。
Little does he care about what others think.
(2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。
Neither does he drink nor smoke.
(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only then did I find I had made a mistake.
(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.
(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。
Times have changed and so have I.
(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。
They couldn’t understand it at that time，and nor could we.
(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把were，had，should提到主语前面。
Had it not been for your help，we shouldn’t have achieved so much.
(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。
Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.
(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed!
题组训练2
1.Successful as he is (他虽然成功)，he is not proud.(as)
2.Only when he reached the teahouse did he realize(他才意识到) it was the same place he’d been in last year.
3.—It’s nice.Never before have I had such a special drink(我以前从没喝过这么特别的饮料)!
—I’m glad you like it.
4.Up jumped the cat(猫跳起来) and caught the mouse.
5.Not until he finished his work did he go home(他才回家).
强调句的核心考点
1.使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。
First impressions really do count.
2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。
强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：
(1)强调句型中的主谓一致
在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.
(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。
It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.
(3)强调句型的疑问句
在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?
When was it that she changed her mind?
(4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
题组训练3
1.Was it on a lonely island that(是在一个荒凉的岛上) he was saved one month after the boat went down?
2.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we
do that(不是我们做了多少，而是我们对所做的事情注入了多少爱) benefits our work most.
3.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course，I have.It was in our village that it was made(这部电影是在我们村里制作出来的).
4.If you have a job，do devote yourself to it(务必全身心地投入到工作中) and finally you’ll succeed.
5.It’s not what we do once in a while that(不是我们偶尔做的事情) shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.
注意事项：
1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?
3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。
It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.
4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；
而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。
It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)
It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)
省略句的核心考点
1.状语从句中的省略
由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。
When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.
If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.
2.不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。
—Will you please look after my house when I’m away?
—I’m glad to.
—Are you a sailor?
—No.But I used to be.
Your work hasn’t been handed in，but it ought to have been.
3.常考的几个省略形式
if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。
4.并列句中的省略
并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.
My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.
题组训练4
1.Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and Tom won’t either(汤姆也不想加入).
2.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If so(如果这样的话)，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
3.What a strange plant (多么奇怪的植物啊)! I’ve never seen it before.
4.While walking along the street(当沿着大街走的时候)，I heard my name called.
5.I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to(他不想去).
1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
(2018·天津，14) A.which B.that
C.when
D.where
答案 B
解析句意为：直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。分析题干可知本句是一个强调句，被强调的是only when引导的时间状语从句。根据强调句的结构“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that＋剩余部分”可知选B项。
2.In any unsafe situation，simply the button and a highly-trained agent w ill get you the help you need.(2018·北京，8)
A.press
B.to press
C.pressing
D.pressed
答案 A
解析根据空后的and可知应该选A项。这是一个固定句式，其构成是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。句意为：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下按钮，训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。
3.The publication of Great Expectations，which both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏，24)
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
答案 C
解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的reviewed和praised 一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。因此选C。
4.Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming， as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津，6)
A.regard
B.is regarded
C.are regarded
D.regards
答案 B
解析考查主谓一致和动词的语态。句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项，故选B项。
5.It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.
(2017·天津，11) A.who B.where
C.which
D.that
答案 D
解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉，然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断，“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故空格处应用that。
6.Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.
(2015·天津，3) A.she realized B.has she realized
C.she has realized
D.did she realize
答案 D
解析考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。
7.It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day and often years to achieve.(2015·湖南，27)
A.is；takes
B.are；takes
C.are；take
D.is；take
答案 A
解析考查主谓一致。句意为：成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现，记住这些很重要。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A项。
8.Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
(2015·湖南，31) A.to keep B.to have kept
C.keep
D.have kept
答案 C
解析考查祈使句。句意为：一直要记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用keep。keep in mind记住，固定搭配。
9.It was the culture，rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建，29)
A.where
B.why
C.that
D.what
答案 C
解析考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。去掉It was 及空格处所填词此句成分仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用that。
10. me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014·大纲全国，33)
A.Calling
B.Call
C.To call
D.Having called
答案 B
解析考查祈使句。句意为：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”这一固定句式结构，故B项正确。
11.“Never for a second，”the bo y says，“that my father would come to my rescue.”
(2013·江苏，27) A.I doubted B.do I doubt
C.I have doubted
D.did I doubt
答案 D
解析句意为：这个男孩说：“我从不怀疑我父亲会来救我。”当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装。再根据would come to...可知，是在讲过去发生的事，故用过去时。
12.Every day a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.(2013·湖南，30)
A.read
B.reading
C.to read
D.reads
答案 A
解析句意为：每天大声朗读一则谚语几遍直到你记住。考查句型“祈使句＋连词(如and，or...)＋简单句”的用法。
13.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness to him again.(2013·江西，25)
A.I will speak
B.will I speak
C.do I speak
D.I speak
答案 B
解析本题考查倒装句式。“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首，句子要倒装。因此A、D两项不正确。句意为：只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时，我才会再和他说话。由apologizes可知是用一般现在时表示将来。根据主将从现的原则，主句应该用将来时。
14.It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was resc ued.(2013·重庆，27)
A.who
B.that
C.when
D.how
答案 B
解析考查强调句型。句意为：是在当地向导的帮助下，登山者才被营救出来。强调句型的结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...，故答案为B项。
15.Not once to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
(2013·湖南，35) A.occurred it B.it did occur
C.it occurred
D.did it occur
答案 D
解析考查倒装的用法。句意为：迈克尔成为班里的第一名这样的情况一次也没有发生过。否定副词not置于句首用于强调时，句子要用部分倒装。
16.If to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.(2013·江西，34)
A.asked
B.to ask
C.asking
D.having asked
答案 A
解析句意为：如果有人要你替他看管行李，立即联系警察。ask的主动形式后不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟不定式作宾补，所以可以直接排除B、C、D三项。完整的句子应该是If you are asked。
17.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police .
(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，28) A.not to do B.not to
C.not do
D.do not
答案 B
解析考查不定式的否定及省略。句意为：司机想把车停在路边，但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police为干扰部分，可以去掉，句式为ask sb. to do sth. 的被动语态的否定形式。A选项后加it也正确。
18.At no time the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013·辽宁，26)
A.they actually broke
B.do they actually break
C.did they actually break
D.they had actually broken
答案 C
解析考查倒装及动词的时态。句意为：他们确实不会违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。其中at no time为介词短语，当其位于句首时，句子应该用部分倒装，根据第二个句子可知时态为一般过去时。故选C。
19. at the door before you enter my room，please.(2012·北京，31)
A.Knock
B.Knocking
C.Knocked
D.To knock
答案 A
解析句意为：进我的房间之前请先敲门。句子缺少谓语动词，所以空格处应填动词原形构成一个祈使句，A项正确。
20.Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours a decision.(2011·湖南，32)
A.they reached
B.did they reach
C.they reach
D.do they reach
答案 B
解析句意为：他们只有在讨论这个问题几个小时后才做决定。“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句需用部分倒装句式，由从句中的“had discussed”可知主句应用一般过去时态。
1.Tom as well as two of his classmates invited to the party.
A.are
B.will be
C.is
D.be
答案 C
解析as well as连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词应与前者一致。Tom为第三人称单数，故选C。
2.Up till now，there has been no scientific evidence about caused the death of dinosaurs.
(2018·兴化一中考前适应，29) A.what is it that B.what it was that
C.it was what
D.what is it
答案 B
解析考查强调句。句意为：到目前为止，还没有科学证据证明是什么导致了恐龙的死亡。这里强调了恐龙灭绝的原因，即what，因此这是一个特殊疑问句的强调句型，强调句式后面要跟that，故可排除C、D两项；另外，由于这个强调句是作介词about的宾语从句，因此要用陈述语序，故B项正确。
3.So sometimes in trying to accomplish something big we fail to notice the little things that give life its magic.
A.we get caught up；as
B.do we get caught up；that
C.caught up get we；as
D.caught up do we get；that
答案 D
解析句意为：我们有时会试图去完成一些大事，以至于我们没有注意到那些给生命带来魔力的小事。So＋形容词或副词＋that引导的结果状语从句，当“So＋形容词或副词”位于句子开头时，则主句用部分倒装，结合句意可知答案为D。
4.It was human errors，rather than the natural disaster， for the death of so many innocent people in the landslide at an industrial park in Shenzhen.
A.which is blamed
B.that is to blame
C.which are blamed
D.that are to blame
答案 D
解析句意为：在深圳的一个工业园区发生了山体滑坡，造成许多无辜者死亡是人为的错误，而不是自然灾害。这是一个强调句：it is/was＋强调部分＋that＋其它，所以要用that；
因为由rather than(而不是)连接的主语与前一部分一致，所以要用are，故选D。
5.—I don’t see any r eason why I sacrifice myself so much.
—Never forget why you started so that you can accomplish your mission，？
(2018·常州高三上期末统考，32) A.will you B.won’t you
C.can you
D.can’t you
答案 A
解析考查反意疑问句。有never表示否定意义，排除B、D两项。祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you。故选A。
6.As our teacher often puts it，to key universities those who will never give up halfway.(2018·江苏高考压轴，24)
A.being admitted；are
B.admitting；is
C.admitted；are
D.to be admitted；is
答案 C
解析考查倒装句和非谓语动词。句意为：正如我们老师经常说的，考入重点大学的那些学生是永远不会半途而废的人。第一个空考查短语be admitted to(被录取)可以排除B项；题干是完全倒装结构，正常语序是those who...are admitted to key universities，得知第二个空是复数谓语动词，可以排除D项；A项的being是多余的，也可以被排除。故选C。
7.If for too long，the microscopic life(微生物) within the wrinkles and folds of our bed sheets can turn our bed into a “botanical park”，making us sick.
A.left
B.is left
C.being left
D.to be left
答案 A
解析考查状语从句的省略。句意为：如果床单太久不洗，床单皱褶里的微生物就会把我们的床变成“植物园”，让我们生病。由句意可知，本句中主从句主语一致，且从句中含有be 动词的某种形式，故从句的主语和be动词可以省略，If left for too long＝If it (the microscopic life) is left for too long，省略it is。故选A。
8.— that made Mrs White so upset?
—Her son’s making trouble in the school.
A.Where was it
B.Why was it
C.How was it
D.What was it
答案 D
解析句意为：——是什么让怀特夫人这么难过？——她儿子在学校惹事了。判断强调句型的要点是：当去掉It is/was和that/who时，剩下的句子结构仍然完整。这里是强调句的疑问形式，由答语可知，这里句子的主语应该用What，而不是Where，Why或How。所以应该选D项。
9.I am glad to find that on top of the mountain from the time of the Roman Empire.
(2017·苏北四市统测，29) A.lies ancient ruins B.lie ancient ruins
C.does ancient ruins lie
D.do ancient ruins lie
答案 B
解析考查完全倒装和主谓一致。句意为：我很高兴地发现在山顶上有罗马帝国时期的古代遗址。分析句子成分可知，地点状语on top of the mountain位于句首时，句子需要全部倒装。ruin的复数形式ruins意为“废墟，遗迹”，故lie ancient ruins符合题意。10.—How was the televised debate last night?
—Super！Rarely so much media attention.(2017·启东中学月考，23) A.a debate attracted B.did a debate attract
C.a debate did attract
D.attracted a debate
答案 B
解析考查倒装句。否定副词rarely表示“很少地，罕有地”，位于句首时后面的句子要用部分倒装，即“助动词＋主语＋动词”的形式。故选B项。
11.Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that as she was too careless.
(2017·镇江一模，34) A.she was so B.so was she
C.so did she
D.she did so
答案 D
解析考查省略句。句意为：安妮丢了钱包，但是她妈妈对此一点都不感到惊讶，因为她太粗心了。she did so相当于she lost her wallet，为了避免重复，用此结构。故选D项。
12.Only since the Industrial Revolution in places away from their homes or been left to raise small children without the help of multiple adults.(2017·南京、盐城一模，34)
A.most people have worked
B.have most people worked
C.most people had worked
D.had most people worked
答案 B
解析考查倒装句。句意为：自工业革命以来，多数人才到远离他们家园的地方去工作，或者由于没有足够多的成年人的帮助，他们得留下来抚养小孩。分析句子成分可知，当“only ＋状语”位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装。根据时间状语since the Industrial Revolution 可知本题的时态为现在完成时。故have most people worked符合题意。
13.The great poet and writer coming to our school talking about Chinese literature and painting next week.
A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were
答案 A
解析句意为：那位伟大的作家兼诗人将在下周来我们学校给我们讲中国文学和绘画。当and 连接并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数。本句主语表示的是一个人的两种身份。
14.Take the medicine right away！ it yesterday，you would be quite all right now.
A.Had you taken
B.Would you take
C.Should you take
D.Were you to take
答案 A
解析考查虚拟条件句中省略if的倒装。句意为：赶快吃下这个药。如果你昨天吃了这个药，你今天早就好了。本题是虚拟语气，由yesterday可知是对过去的虚拟，其形式应为if you had taken it yesterday。如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should，had，可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。故选A。
15.The employee might have been dismissed by the employer last month，？
A.hasn’t he
B.didn’t he
C.wasn’t he
D.mightn’t he
答案 C
解析考查反意疑问句。句意为：该雇员上个月也许已经被雇主除名。一般情况下，反意疑问部分取决于主句谓语动词，如He is kind，isn’t he？但在must/might/could have done 等表示推测的句子中，如果有明确的时间状语，反意疑问部分取决于该时间状语。last month
16.It’s the gap year before going to un iversity students can make friends and work on meaningful projects may help them understand college life better.
(2018·常州高三上期末统考，24) A.when；that B.which；that
C.when；which
D.where；which
答案 A
解析考查定语从句和强调句。“gap year”暗示“在这段时间中”所以用when。把“it’s”和中间的“before...on meaningful projects”去掉，“the gap year may help them understand college life better”句意仍然通畅，说明为强调句，用that。故选A。
17.—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes，，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the ci ty.
A.if possible
B.if anything
C.if ever
D.if busy
答案 A
解析if possible如果有可能的话；if anything如果有什么不同的话；if ever如果曾经有过的话；if busy如果忙的话。根据句意选A项。
18.We won’t think of human clones and any reason to suggest that we are closer to producing them now than we were in the past.(2018·苏锡常镇四市一调，34)
A.neither there is
B.neither there was
C.nor is there
D.nor was there
答案 C
解析考查倒装句。句意为：我们不会考虑克隆人类，也没有任何理由表明我们现在比以往更可能制造他们。and后面的分句表示“(另一个主语)也不……”，可用“neither/nor＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，且根据语境可知用一般现在时。故选C项。
19.Towering over the surrounding buildings the Suning skyscraper，which reaches nearly 400 meters in height，making it a new landmark of Zhenjiang.(2018·镇江一模，23)
A.are
B.has
C.is
D.have
答案 C
解析考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意为：苏宁大厦高耸于周边建筑之上，达到了近400米高，成了镇江的一个新地标。本句为倒装句。主语是the Suning skyscraper，be动词应
20.His answer is not correct，and .
A.neither is mine
B.mine is neither
C.neither am I
D.either is mine
答案 A
解析否定词neither放在句首，主谓倒装。主语为my answer，用mine代替。
高考英语特殊句式精编版
高考英语特殊句式公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
高考英语特殊句式 2012,11，28 一．强调句型：“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋原句其他部分”。被强调的部分为“人”时用who/that，否则都用that。注意：被强调部分不能是谓语动词。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. It’s me who he blamed. It was what you did that made me satisfied. It is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 【考点一】考查not ... until 结构的强调句，其结构为It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。 ①It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ______ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’ t until; that 【考点二】考查复合句中的强调句型 ②Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday? ③______ he came back home that we knew what had happened. A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was 【考点三】考查强调句的特殊疑问句
第十讲特殊句式(倒装,省略,主谓一致等
第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等） 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 [点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考) 直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考) 直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 (3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。 Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 [点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. ——天太热了。 —So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 (6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。 1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow) 通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in 2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think) 听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think 1．强调句型 结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
英语语法专项训练----特殊句式
英语语法专项训练特殊句式1 1.---I have some big news for you. You’ve been accepted as a member of our club. --- That’s great! A. Have I? B. Pardon? C. Congratulation! D. Good idea! 2. You didn’t use to like him much when we were at school, ? A. were we B. weren’t we C. did you D. didn’t you 3. Not only _____ interested in football but _____beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are 4. It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted 5. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and . A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 6. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom so lonely as now. A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt 7. ---My room gets very cold at night. --- . A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does 8. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, . A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will 9. Little that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. A. he realized B. he didn’t realize C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize 10. So difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found 11. ---Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? ---Yes. , I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city. A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible 12. ---Who should be responsible for the accident? ---The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order . A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 13. Only then____ how much damage had been caused. A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized 14. We all know that, , the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 15. It was along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 16. I just wonder that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 17. Depend on us, sir! Nowhere else better service. A. you will find B. will you find C. you have found D. have you found 18. ---Tom, you go and pick up Mary from the station, ? ---But, she’s already got home. A. don’t you B. do you C. will you D. shall you 19. By no means to move to a new place for away from her work place, because it isn’t convenient for her family and herself. A. Karen will agree B. will Karen agree C. Karen will disagree D. will Karen disagree 20. It was back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. until midnight when he didn’t go D. not until midnight that he went 21.If you can’t get in the front door, to the back door. A. go B. to go C. going D. to be going 22. It’s his voice we recognized at once although his face changed a lot. A. what B. when C. where D. that 23. ---Helen has been working at a local language school for 3 years. --- she is so familiar with the city. A. No doubt B. No wonder C. Now that D. As a result 24. rapid progress has he made that we all admire him. A. Very B. So C. Such D. Too 25. Was it in the village we used to live in the accident happened? A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which 26. Hardly closed my eyes I began to make this fantastic dream. A. had I; when B. I had; when C. did I; than D. I did; then 27. Either you or the headmaster the prize to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 28. Three-quarters of the land here wet land, an ideal place for migrating birds. A. are B. having been C. is D. being 29. Deep in the forest , who made no contact with the outside world. A. living a couple B. were a couple living C. did a couple live D. lived a couple 30. In no case leave your position at present. A. you are able to B. will you be able to C. are you able to D. you will be able to 31. every student aware of the importance of study, they would study efficiently. A. Were B. Should C. May D. Had 32. The door opened and in . A. did he come B. came he C. he came D. did a man come 33. --- He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab, ? A. mustn’t he B. won’t he C. doesn’t he D. isn’t he 34. ---They suggest the number of cars should be limited to stop air pollution. --- , the idea is not very practical. A. Sounds good as it B. As it sounds good C. As good it sounds D. Good as it sounds 35. There ought to be an exam this week, ? A. oughtn’t it B. isn’t it C. oughtn’t there D. isn’t there 36.____about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 37. given an English name by their English teacher. A. They each was B. They each were C. Everyone of them was D. Each of them were 38. Not until the early years of the 19th century ________what heat is. A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know 39. ---Look! Here . How beautiful it is! ---Well, that’s the headmaster’s. A. coming a black car B. a black car comes C. come a black car D. comes a black car 40. ---Do you think it’s going to snow over the weekend? --- . A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it C. I believe not D. I believe not so
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语法复习--特殊句式(主谓一致)
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高中英语语法之特殊句式的结构
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专题3.14 主谓一致与特殊句式(原卷版)
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