英国文学选读复习资料罗经国图文稿
英国文学选读复习资料
罗经国
集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
Chapter 1
1.Earliest settlers---Celts
2.55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman Empire(London was founded)
3.演变Celts- Romans – Anglo-Saxon – English
4.Julius Caesar , the first general came to British
5.500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex, the Celts King
Arthur.
His followers , who were know as the knights of the round table, fight for their kingdom against the AS invaders.
6.9th century, King Alfred , the great of Wessex lead the AS
kings to defeat the invaders by uniting their forces.
7.the Norman Conquest
1066, Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward Ⅱ. And Normandy beat the Harold at the Hesting.
8.Two highlight in the development of AS literature
A. Northumrian School
○1the first AS poet ---Caedmon
The earliest English poet. According to Bede, he was an
elderly herdsman who received the power of song in a
vision.
○2Vernerable Bede, A monk write in Lain
B. the reign of Alfred Contribution
○1translate a number of Latin books into West Saxon
dialect
○2
○3created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose
9. A long epic poetry 长篇叙事诗
A.the earliest heroic poetry
B.the most significant poetry
C.existed in oral form as early as the 6th century
D.Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements
10.Difference between Old Eng poetry , later poetry is
technical structure
11.There are two poetic features of Old English poetry:
alliteration and kenning.
Chapter 2
1.流行Romance 主要写Knights
2.Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066
accelerated the development of feudalism 封建主义in ENG
3.Categories of Romances: The matter of Erance ,the matter of
Rome , the matter of Britain
4.Middle ENG:
A.words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure are
usually of the French origin
B.many inflectional form of words were dropped
C.formal grammar simplified
5. Medieval Romance (Subject Matters)
A. matter of French (Charlemagne the Great, Roland,
B. matter of Rome (Alexander the Great, The siege of Troy)
C. Britain the Arthurian Legend
By Sir Gawain, Launce lot, Marlin, the quest for Holy Grail, the Death of King Arthur.
Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer
1.The Hundreds’ Years War is an awakening of national
Consciousness in ENG,the French heroine Joan of Arc贞德
2.Geoffrey Chaucer (Buried in the Poets’ Conner in
Westminster Abbey)
A.Father of Eng poetry
B.The work of Geoffrey Chaucer
○1influenced by French literature
○2influenced by Boccaccio
○3
The general prologue 总序is the best part of it.
3.the significances of
A.Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time
B.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly
commended 高度赞赏by critics
C.Geoffrey Chaucer’s humor
D.Chaucer’s contribution to ENG language
E.Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English
4.John Wycliff
A.father of ENG prose
B.one of the first figures who demanded to reform church
C.the one translate Bible into standard ENG
5.William Langland Piers Plowman> Chapter 4 1.main events A.The war of the Rose ,the thirty Years War(the house of Lancaster/Red, the house of York) B.The discovery of American and the new sea routes C.Reformation of church. HenryⅧ found the Anglican Church, break away from the church of Rome. 2.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story 3.Characters of Ballads A.the beginning is often abrupt B.have strong dramatic elements C.the story is told through dialogue and action D.the theme is often tragic E.the meter格律is used (contains four-line stanzas, the odd numbered line奇数four feet, the even numbered line偶数three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.) 4.Ballads A. Richard the Lion Heated 金雀花王朝 B. the king Arthur 5.Early ENG Plays(the 14th )developed into(mystery Plays神秘 剧， miracle plays 奇迹剧) 6.The flourishing of drama the reason: no other entertainment ,both rich and poor can go to there Chapter 5 英国文学史上三次高潮 15th ENG Renaissance— 19th上Romantic —19th 下 Victoria 1.The Background Queen Elizabeth , defeat the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队, mighty naval power强有力的海军. 2.Humanism 人文主义Rebirth(文艺复兴的时代精神) Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth ” in ENG 3.人文主义的解释及价值观 According to the Humanist scholars it was against human nature to ○1sacrifice the happiness of the life for an after life. They argued that ○2man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church, In art and literati on, instead of happiness in his life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman catholic church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him. 4.Edmund Spenser 5.The University Wits A.Robert Greene B.Thomas Kyd C.Christopher Marlowe The blank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter 6.William Shakespeare A.发展 ○1Early years of his apprenticeship学徒期 ○2Growth and development ○3gloom and depression ○4restored serenity B.achievement ○1represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people ○2S’ humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love ○3S’ characterization, S’ characters are round 丰满的而非flatter 扁平 ○4originality ○5as a great poet in sonnets ○6master of the Eng language 7.Four Tragedy : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, The Tragedy of Macbeth 8.Sonnets (Italy/Petrarch’s —the first one, S’s) A.definition A short song in the original meaning of the word become a poet of 14 lines. Usually in iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步 with various rhyming schemes. B.Sonnet, 3 quatrains, 1 couplet (Shakespeare’s 9.S’s sonnets are different from Petrach’s. Petrach’s sonnets is divided into an octave(八音) which typically rhymes abba abba , and a sestet, which may have varying rhyme schemes. Shakespeare’s sonnets (English sonnets)consists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet ,which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends with a surprised conclusion or a shift of ideas. Petrach abba abba / cde cde Shakespeare abab cdcd efef / gg 10.Hamlet —Humanist (melancholy忧郁 procrastination优柔寡断) Chapter 6 From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution 1.Background(the ENG bourgeois revolution 资产阶级革命，农民与 贵族阶级，Anglican church 与Puritanical Church) 2.Glorious Revolution 1688 In 1688, William signed constitutional monarchy.君主立宪制 3.The King James Bible of 1611 Old Testament in Hebrews New Testament in Greek The earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon, Bade and King Alfred. 4.Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as “the pioneer of Eng Materialism唯心主义” 5. 目的：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability. 功效：History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 方法：Books are able to be tasked, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 6.玄学派特点（Metaphysical Poets）John Donne Metaphysical Poets describe a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by hold and ingenious conceits （奇思妙喻）incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought, frequent use of Paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression. 7.Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love, death and religion Main theme of Cavalier(骑士派)：Carpe Diem及时行乐 8.Cavalier: Carpe diem<ＡValediction：forbidding mourning > A breach, but an expansion Like gold to airy thinness beat If they be two, they are two so. As stiff twin compasses are two. THEME, 他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱。 9.John Milton(Puritan Writer) 10. https://www.360docs.net/doc/a38861601.html,ton ’s master piece and one of the greatest poems in world literate. B.Satan, the most impressive character Better to reign in Hell than Serve in Heaven C.Meaning: ○1rebellion spirits叛逆精神 ○2defiance of authority对权威的藐视 ○3excessive pride极端自负 11.John Bunyan(Puritan) written in the old fashioned medieval form of allegory and drama. Chapter 7 1.Glorious Revolution 2.Two Parliaments: The Tory & The Whig 3.The characters of neo-classicism Official A.People emphasized reason理智rather than emotion, form rather than content B.As reason was stressed, most of the writings of the age were didactic 说教性and satirical讽刺 C.As elegance 优雅性correctness正确性appropriateness 恰当 性and restraint 节制性were preferred , the poet found closed couplet the only possible verse form for serious work. D.It’s almost exclusively a “town” poetry catering to the interests of the “society” in great cities. E.It is entirely wanting in all these elements that are related with the “romantic” Civilian A.Emphasized reason rather than emotion , form rather than Content B.Didactic and satirical C.The poet found closed couplet the only for serious D.Town poetry show no love of nature, landscape or country things https://www.360docs.net/doc/a38861601.html,ck of all Romantic Elements 4． Geoffrey Chaucer, first use couplet—Pope 5. Classicisms , a drama, 3 unities: action, place, time 6. Daniel Defoe, know as a pioneer novelist of ENG who for her first time has committed theft and robbery. 7. Jonathan Swift 8.Joseph Addison & Richard Steele, periodical essays期刊写作. 2 periodical 期刊（the tattler, the spectator） 9.Alexander Pope 新古代表/英雄双韵顶峰 11.Henry Fielding (playwright, novelist) 12.Robert Burns 抒情诗人From Scotland, write in Scottish and in traditional of Scottish folk songs. Besides, love lyrics, most of his poems and songs are about patriotic and political Themes. Burns had a profound love for the common Scottish people and their literature. And his poems or songs are permeated with the Scottish natural spirit. 13.William Blake (神秘主义者)同Burns 为前期浪漫主义代表 Chapter 8 Romanticism 1.From Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832. 2.Characters: The glorification of instinct and emotion a deep veneration 崇拜of nature, and a flaming zeal to remark the world. 3.Rousseau 卢梭 French Philosopher . The Father of Romanticism/ The Nobel Savage 4.Characteristic features of the romantic movement A.Subjectivism主观主义 B.Spontaneity 自发性 C.Singularity 奇特性 D.Worship of nature E.Simplicity F.There is a dominating note of melancholy / in the poems of Romantic poets人道主义理想、忧郁气质 G.An age of poetry by which the poets outpoured their feeling and emotion free verse form 5.William Wordsworth —Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人 6.WW A.Sing of harmony between things in nature and between the nature and the poet himself B.Personification, Simile, Metaphor https://www.360docs.net/doc/a38861601.html,ke poets (William Wordsworth, Robert Southey，Taylor Coleridge ) 8.Samuel Taylor Coleridge 舟子咏 9.George Gordon Byron 10. Byron’s fiery passion for the liberation of Greek people, and his bitter satire on the sham and hypocrisy in love, religion and the social relation of his time. 11.Percy Bysshe Shelley 希望英国人认识到自己的悲惨地位起来奋斗 12.John Keats (Last poet) 13.Charles Lamb 剧作家With his sister 写了 Shakespeare>Contribution to Familiar Essay 14.Thomas de Quincy 15.Walter Scott—Historic Novel . 1832 die , the end of Romanticism Contribution Chapter 9 Queen Victoria 1.Two Queens: A.both were on a throne for a long period of time. Elizabeth 40s, Victoria 60s. B.Developed rapidly in both politically , economically C.Literature flourished(E’ - SB, drama. V’-novel) 2.The reason why novel rise quickly in V’s Age A.the growth of urban population bring a new reading in publich B.the development of printing and making papers and the price of books dropped C.people can make a living by writing D.a large part class who need recreation and entertainment E.the novel provided a marvelous mechanism for all sort of things——explorisy the conditions of poor and the manners of society, satirizing individuals or institution , advocating social reform and providing diversion for people at all levels F.the feminist movement 3.Characterized by the common features A.plot is unfolded against a social background B.the cause-effect sequence much more striking than in previous novels C.published in serial form连载 D.the spirit of Puritanism 清教主义 E.characterized by their moral purpose (hypocrisy 伪善 V’ 时期的共同特点) F.critical realism 批判现实主义/ critical realistic novelist批判现实主义小说 4.Charles Dickens artistic technique ○1a tendency to describe ugly characters or events ○2loves to instill life into inanimate things ○3description of pathetic scenes 5.William Makepeace Thackeray hero” 6.Difference between Thackeray and Dickens A.Thackeray descript a different world from Dickens (T, descript people of upper and middle classes; D, descript the underdogs and the unprivileged ) B.T is a cynic , D is a sentimentalist 感伤主义者 C.T against affectation. D is a Romanist 7.The title Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress> 8.Lord Alfred Tennyson (Laureate Poet) 9.Robert Browning (the dramatic monologue戏剧独白诗) Duchess> 10.The Bront Sister A.Charlotte Bront?— B.Emily Bront — C.Anne Bront — 11.Some critics said that the Bront 12.inherited their strong emotion from their parents. 13. A.The Celtic blood explains their strong emotion and their audacity in the search for spiritual integrity. B.Another factor was the moorland which was not yet corrupted by the evils of society. C.The Third factor their writing career was the fact that they were greatly influenced by Romantic Poets. 14.The works of Charlotte and Emily Bront 15.and different from those of other Victorian writers in the aspects below: A.their works are marked by strong romantic elements B.the role of nature is very significant in their work 第4章15世纪(1400～1550) 4.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景） (1) The Hundred Years’ War（百年战争） The Hundred Years’War continued and in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt King Henry Ⅴ (1413～1422) defeated the French army and claimed himself the heir to the French throne. 百年战争还在持续，在1415年的阿金库尔战役中，亨利5世（1413～1422）战胜了法国军队，并宣布自己是法国的继承者。 (2) The War of the Roses (1455～1485)（玫瑰战争） The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. It lasted for thirty years until King Henry Ⅶ defeated Richard Ⅲ(1483～1485) at the Battle of Bosworth and ended the civil war. 玫瑰战争，又叫三十年战争，是发生在两个家族之间的一系列内战，他们都宣称自己有权统治英国。它持续了30年，直到亨利7世在博斯沃思战争（1483～1485）中打败理查德3世，内战宣告结束。 (3) The discovery of America and the new sea routes（美洲大陆和新航海线路的发现） In 1492, a Genoese mariner, Christopher Columbus (ca.1436～1506) who believed that he could reach India by sailing west, landed in America with the 2014人教版七年级下英语知识点总结 第一单元Can you play the guitar? 一、词汇拓展 1. sing（现在分词）singing 2. dance（现在分词）dancing 3. swim（现在分词）swimming 4.draw（同义词）paint 5. story（复数）stories 6. Write（同音词）right 7. drum（复数）drums 8. piano（复数）pianos 9. also（同义词）too/either 10.make（单三）makes （现在分词）making 11. Center（形容词）central 12.teach（名词）teacher 13. musician（形容词）musical 二、重点短语与句型 1. play chess下国际象棋speak English说英语play the guitar弹吉它 want to do…想做……2. be good at擅长于what club /sports什么俱乐部/运动music /swimming /sports club音乐/游泳/运动俱乐部 be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 like to do …喜欢做… What about…?…怎么样？ be good at doing…擅长做… tell stories讲故事 the story telling club讲故事俱乐部 3. talk to跟…..说write stories写小说 want …for the school show为学校表演招聘…… after school放学后 do kung fu打中国功夫come and show us来给我们表演 4. play the drum敲鼓play the piano弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴 5. be good with善于应付（处理）…的；和某人相处很好 make friends结交朋友help sb. with sth在某方面帮助某人 on the weekend在周末help with...帮助做…… be free /busy有空/很忙call sb. at…拨打某人的……号码 need sb./sth. to do…需要某人/某物做…… English-speaking students说英语的学生join…… the club加入…俱乐部，be in=join in …成为…中的一员 三、关键句型 1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club. 3. You can join the English club. Sounds good. 4. I can speak English and I can also play soccer. 5. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721. ◆话题写作 第1章盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066) 1.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景） (1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who migrated to the British Isles about 600 B.C. 不列颠群岛最早的定居者是凯尔特人，他们大约在公元前600年移民到不列颠群岛。 (2) From 55 B.C. to 407 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire. 从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。 (3) About 450 A.D., waves of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. 公元450年左右，盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人占领了不列颠群岛。他们在英格兰定居，将凯尔特人驱逐到威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰。 (4) It was around 500 A.D., in the struggle against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, that the Celtic King Arthur, a legendary figure, is said to have acquired his fame. 大约在公元500年，在与威塞克斯王国创始人塞迪奇的斗争中，传说中的凯尔特王亚瑟获得了他的名声。 (5) Beginning from the later part of the 8th century, the Danes, or the Vikings, came to invade England, at first, along the eastern coast, but later they threatened 《英国文学选读》课程基本信息 课程发展的历史沿革 南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。 早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材 奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”并作为英语专业系列教材”之一， 获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。该教材修订版已列入普通高等教育十五国家 级教材规划选题” 2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部新世纪网络课程建设工程”项 目正式立项，获经费12万元。 2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。 f ---------------- 探教学内容 英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄 更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。通过对本课程的学习，学 生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能 力和英语水平。 €--------------- la 探教学条件 英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的 优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式 呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。课件具有 第9章维多利亚时期(1832～1901) 9.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景） (1) 1832～1848 The first reform bill—the industrial capitalists gain their power in Parliament. This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers. 凭借第一部改革议案，工业资产阶级在议会中赢得了权利。这个议案使工业资产阶级和中下层阶级获得了选举权，但是工人却并没有获得选举权。 (2) In the fifties and sixties（五十年代和六十年代） England had become the workshop of the world and the world’s banker. It was a period of complacency, stability and optimism. 英国成为“世界工厂”和“世界银行”。这个时期的社会稳定发展，人们对未来信心百倍。 (3) In the 1890s（十九世纪九十年代） The 1890s is a period of serenity and security. By 1890, England continued to grow in strength. The British Empire had comprised more than a quarter of all the territory on the surface of the earth. 九十年代是一个安稳而宁静的年代，这个时期，英国的实力持续增长，英国占据了世界四分之一的领土。 Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还 多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方 Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? 一短语归纳 1.speak English/Chinese 说英语/汉语 2. what club /sports 什么俱乐部/运动 3.play the guitar/ piano/drums/ violin 弹吉它/弹钢琴/敲鼓/拉小提琴 4. play chess/ basketball/ volleyball/ soccer 下国际象棋/ 打篮球/排球/足球 5.tell stories 讲故 6. the art/chess/swimming/sports/ story telling/English club 艺术/国际象棋/游泳/体育/讲故事/英语俱乐部 7.school show 学校演出 8.sound good听起来不错 9.teach music 教音乐 10.do kung fu 练(中国) 功夫 11.make friends（with sb.）( 结交朋友) 12.on the weekend/on weekends在周末 https://www.360docs.net/doc/a38861601.html,e and show us 来给我们表演 15.write stories 写故事 16.after school 放学后 17.English-speaking students说英语的学生 18.play games 做游戏 19.the Students’Sports Center学生运动中心 20.at the old people’s home在老人之家 21.be in our school music festival 参加学校音乐节 22.jion the music club加入音乐俱乐部 二用法集萃 1. play +棋类/球类下……棋，打……球 2. play the +乐器弹/拉……乐器 3. be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 be good for.. 对…有好处be good /kind to …对…友好 4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好; 善于应付（处理）… 5. need（sb./sth.）to do… 需要（某人/某物）做…. 6. can + 动词原形能/会做某事 7. a little + 不可数名词: 一点儿…… 9. like to do sth.或like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 10.want to do…想做…… 11.What about…?…怎么样？(后面接Ving/代词/名词) 12. talk用法: talk to/with sb. 跟某人说话 talk about sth. 谈论某事 tell 用法：tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 tell stories 讲故事 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived. 浙江省2013年1月自学考试英国文学选读试题 课程代码：10054 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple choices. (30 points, 1.5 points for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are twenty items. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The ________ , which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. A. renaissance B. neoclassicism C. romanticism D. modernism 2. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major poets of ________. A. realism B. neoclassicism C. romanticism D. modernism 3. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is written by ________. A. Alfred Tennyson B. William Butler Y eats C. T. S. Eliot D. Ezra Pound 4. Don Juan, a great comic epic of the early 19th century, is the masterpiece of ________. 1 浙江省2013年1月自学考试英国文学选读试题 CHAPTER SIX THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1603——1688) 1.Historical background: The Stuart: James first (1603— 1625) His son Charles I (1625—1649) Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell (1649——1660) Charles II, the son of Charles I (1660——1665) James II, the brother of Charles II (1665——1688) 1）Causes of revolution Lack of ruling skills Worsening relationship between the parliament and the monarch Puritans’s dissatisfaction and fear of persecution 2）Processes of revolution breaking out of the bourgeois revolution in 1642: rejection of the Grand Remonstrance The nature of the Lord Protector restoration of the monarch The Glorious Revolution in 1688 3）Influences of revolution (1). supremacy of Parliament (2). beginning of modern England 新部编版二年级语文下册各单元知识点归纳总结 第一单元知识小结 一、易读错的字 古诗（shī）村（cūn）居化妆（zhuāng）喝醉（zuì）丝（sī）绦裁（cái）剪 遮（zhē）掩兴致（zhì）茁（zhuó）壮 花籽（zǐ）绚（xuàn）丽植（zhí）树二、易写错的字 绿：右边的“录”，下面不是“水”。 柳：右边是“卯”，不要丢掉第七笔“丿”。 格：右边是“各”，不是“名”。 局：下面不是“可”。 三、会写词语 古诗村居儿童碧绿 化妆丝带剪刀冲出 寻找姑娘吐丝柳枝 荡秋千鲜花桃花杏花 邮递员先生原来大叔 邮局东西太太做客 惊奇去年美好一堆 礼物植树格外 引人注目满意休息树苗 四、多音字 长：cháng（长处） zhǎng（长大） 似：sì（似乎） shì（似的） 冲：chōng（冲锋枪） chòng（冲着） 藏：cáng（捉迷藏） zàng（藏族） 奇：qí（奇怪） jī（奇数） 种：zhǒng（种子） zhòng（栽种） 五、形近字 村（山村）妆（化妆）冲（冲动）树（大数）壮（壮丽）种（种植）桃（桃树）姑（姑娘）车（汽车）跳（跳动）咕（咕咕）东（东西）礼（有礼）植（植物）住（居住）扎（挣扎）值（值日）注（注意） 六、近义词 丝绦—丝带裁—剪奔—跑仔细—细心寻找—寻觅懊丧—沮丧惊奇—诧异格外—特别碧空如洗—万里无云兴致勃勃—兴味盎然 七、反义词 赶紧—迟缓懊丧—兴奋惊奇—平静仔细—马虎害羞—大方探出—缩进茁壮—瘦弱笔直—弯曲 满意—不满 八、词语搭配 1. 动词搭配： （脱掉）棉袄（冲出）家门 （奔向）田野（寻找）春天 2. 形容词搭配： （害羞）的小姑娘（解冻）的小溪 （难忘）的日子（绿油油）的小柏树 （精心）地挑选（兴致勃勃）地挖着 九、词语归类 1. AABB 式的词语： 遮遮掩掩躲躲藏藏叮叮咚咚高高兴兴 快快乐乐 2. ABCC 式的词语： 兴致勃勃人才济济仪表堂堂 十、句子积累 1. 设问句、比喻句：不知细叶谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀。 2. 疑问句、感叹句：这是谁在我家门前种的花？真美啊！ 3. 比喻句：一棵绿油油的小柏树栽好了，就像战士一样笔直地站在那里。 十一、考点提示 1. 背诵：《村居》《咏柳》《赋得古原草送别（节选）》。 2. 理解《村居》《咏柳》所描绘的春天的景象。 Chapter 8 The age of Romanticism: 1.From the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832, a new movement appeared on the literary arena. The essence of this new movement is the glorification of instinct and emotion, a deep veneration of nature, and a flaming zeal to remark the world. 2.The political and social factors that gave rise to the romantic movement were the three revolution: American and French Revolution; national liberation movements; democratic movements. 3.And Industrial Revolution: brought great wealth to the rich and worsened the living condition of the poor; Workers organized themselves and gave voice to their distress by breaking machines, which is called Machine breaking movement(Luddite movement) 4.The shift in literature from emphasis on reason to instinct and emotion was intellectually prepared for by a number of thinkers in the later half of the 18th century. 5.Rousseau: the father of Romanticism. He rejects the worship of reason. He maintains in the really vital problems of life, it is much safer to rely on feelings, to follow our instincts and emotions. He preaches that civilized man should return to nature, praised the natural man as the noble savage and attacks the civilized man as the depraved animals. 6.Edmund Burke: As a political philosopher he is known for his Reflection on the Revolution in France. He distinguished between two kinds of beauty—the sublime and the beautiful. 7.Thomas Paine: He published The Rights of Man in 1791 to answer to Burke’s Reflection. The Rights of Man asserts that man has no property in man and justifies the radical actions of French people in the revolution, claiming that it is the right of people to overthrown a government that opposes humanity. 8.Characteristic features of the romantic movement: 1)Subjectivism: romantic poets describe poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which express the poet’s mind.The interest of romantic poets is not objective world or the action of men, but in the feelings, thoughts, and experience of the poets themselves. 2)Spontaneity: Wordsworth defines poetry as the spontaneous overflow of feelings. Romanticism is an assertion of independence, a departure from the neo-classis rules. 3)Singularity 4)Worship of nature 5)Simplicity 6)Melancholy 7)It was an age of poetry by which the poets outpoured their feelings and emotions. Romantic poets loved to use a freer verse form. 9.Romanticism is a term that denotes most of the writings that were written between 1798 and 1832. Wordsworth: 英国文学史（上册） 第一章安格鲁—撒克逊时期（450—1066） 1.历史背景 不列颠群岛最早的居民是凯尔特人，他们最初居住在莱茵河上游地区，大约在公元前600年，他们移居到了不列颠群岛。在大约公元前400到公元前300年时，凯尔特人的一个分支——布立吞人，来到了不列颠群岛，“不列颠”这个名字便是由他们所取。凯尔特人的文化属于铁器文化的早期阶段，他们知道如何铸造铁剑和种植庄稼。关于他们的信仰，我们所知甚少，但是我们能了解到他们五月节的宗教典礼和槲寄生（一种植物）的祭奠仪式，这些已经成为英国人民民族传统的一部分。 从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛在罗马帝国的统治之下。那时，罗马帝国是奴隶社会，它统治了整个欧洲，并且有很高的文明水平。罗马人打败了凯尔特人，成为了不列颠群岛的主人，伦敦就是在罗马人的统治时期内建成的。 第一个来到不列颠的罗马将领是著名的尤里乌斯.凯撒，公元55年，在他取得高卢战役的胜利后，带领一万名士兵跨过英吉利海峡来到那里。但是他只在哪儿待了几个星期，虽然他在第二年又来到了不列颠，他并没有在岛上驻扎军队，因为他当时正忙于平息欧洲大陆的叛乱，还有罗马帝国的内战。在罗马人对不列颠扩大征服之前，就这样过去了一个世纪。罗马人统治了不列颠三个半世纪，他们筑寺庙、修大路、砌城墙、建军营，但是，对凯尔特人的文化生活却影响不大。他们建成了四、五十个城邑，如今无论何时，如果你在英国听到一个城镇的名字是以“切斯特”或“卡斯特”结尾的，那么毫无疑问，它一定是坐落在一个罗马军队曾经的屯兵之地上。因为这样的词来源于拉丁语“卡斯楚”，它的意思是“要塞、堡垒”。大部分我们所知道的罗马统治时期的不列颠，都来源于凯撒的《高卢战记》，和普布里乌斯?克奈里乌斯?塔西佗的《日耳曼尼亚志》。 大约公元450年，大批的安格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人入侵不列颠群岛，他们定居在英格兰，把凯尔特人赶往威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰等周边地区。安格鲁人和撒克逊人是日耳曼部落，他们占据着易北河的两岸，也就是现在丹麦和德国的地方，这两个部族之间的语言也大致相同。从他们特有的的部族名字我们可以得知他们是非常勇敢的海上民族。古散克逊语“安古尔”意思是“钩子”，从中我们可以得知他们住在海边，以捕鱼为生。而“撒克逊”这个名字则源于“希克斯”，意思是短剑，从这个名字我们可以判断他们是坚强勇敢的战士。尽管遭到凯尔特人的奋勇抵抗，安格鲁—散克逊人最终还是将他们击败，成了不列颠群岛的新主人，也是现在英国人的祖先。 在大约公元500年，在对抗韦塞克斯王国的建立者——国王瑟迪克的过程中，一个传奇人物，凯尔特人的亚瑟王，名声大噪。在都城索美塞特夏，他的宫殿卡米洛特，亚瑟王召集了一批最勇敢的追随者，也就是著名的圆桌骑士。他为他的王国同安格鲁—撒克逊侵略者英勇作战了24年，后来他的故事也成了英国骑士文学的题材。 在从欧洲大陆移民之前，安格鲁—撒克逊人明显还处在部落社会的晚期，在他们移往不列颠之后，部落社会逐渐解体，封建社会开始形成。在将近公元6世纪时，在英格兰已经有7个较大的王国。 从8世纪后期开始，丹麦人，也就是维京人，开始入侵英格兰，起先只是沿着东海岸，罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第4章 15世纪(1400～1550)【圣才出品】
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