2008年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷.doc
2008年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷
(总分：112.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：15，分数：30.00)
1.President Bush came to his parent's century-old summer home on the Maine coast for a little relaxation, a distant cousin's wedding and some family time. However, several hundred anti-war demonstrators______on his visit.（分数：
2.00）
A.intruded
B.invaded
C.intwined
D.inturned
2.Influenza is caused by a virus______one person______another in droplets coughed or sneezed into the air. It is characterized by coldlike symptoms plus chills, fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue.（分数：2.00）
A.transferred from... to
B.transmitted from... to
C.transacted from... to
D.transcend from... to
3.Pigeon is the common name for members of a family of birds; smaller species are commonly known as doves, but sizes of pigeons and doves______. The birds, almost worldwide in distribution, are most abundant in warm regions.（分数：2.00）
A.surpass
B.transcend
C.overlap
D.join
4.Yangtze River flows at a width of up to 2km and an average depth of between 6 and 15m through
a large plain with many lakes. This area is______to severe flooding and accumulation of river sediment.（分数：2.00）
A.object
B.particular
C.subject
D.prone
5.In 2005, President Bush put his political capital where his mouth was, and lost. He went all-out to______Congress and the American people that privatizing Social Security would be good and necessary.（分数：2.00）
A.argue
B.concede
C.convince
D.confess
6.A growing number of companies are now trying to serve "segments of one". They attempt
to______their offer and communication to each individual customer. This is understandable with large industrial companies that have only a few major customers.（分数：2.00）
A.adopt
B.adapt
C.incorporate
D.exclude
7.The German general staff made another dangerous concession to what they considered a military necessity. The plan would be______not when countries formally declared war but simply when they ordered mobilization.（分数：2.00）
A.triggered
B.triggering
C.trifling
D.trifled
8.Content is the subject matter of architecture, the element in architectural expression that communicates specific meanings that______to society the functions and techniques of buildings.（分数：2.00）
A.interpret
B.tell
C.identify
D.modify
9.As online computer systems become more popular, televisions and computers are
increasingly______. Such technologies combine the capabilities of computers, television etc, and greatly expand the services that can be provided.（分数：2.00）
A.separated
B.segregated
C.integrated
D.intersected
10.A theory is an organized set of principles that is designed to explain and predict some phenomenon. Good theories also provide specific testable predictions, or______, about the relation between two or more variables.（分数：2.00）
A.hypothesis
B.conception
C.idea
D.meaning
11.Human evolution is lengthy process of change______people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people evolved over a period of at least 6 million years.（分数：2.00）
A.of which
B.by which
C.for which
D.by that
12.Because of various burdens, the 1980s in Ecuador became a decade of______It was made worse by bad floods in 1983, the collapse of world oil prices in 1985 and 1986, and a devastating earthquake in 1987.（分数：2.00）
A.collapse
B.stagnation
C.stop
D.reduction
13.Since 1970, when Sultan Qaboos came to power and launched Oman's development, poverty has been largely______and medical care has been provided throughout the country.（分数：2.00）
A.eliminated
B.illuminated
C.limited
D.increased
14.Many societies today interpret the natural world and form beliefs based on science and logic. Societies in which many people do not practice any religion, such as the United States, may be known as______societies.（分数：2.00）
A.vulgar
B.secular
C.particular
D.unique
15.Before the______of hospitals, the family or communal sauna(桑拿)was favored by Finnish women for giving birth. Today, saunas are found in health clubs and gymnasiums around the world.（分数：2.00）
A.advent
B.adventure
C.advert
D.advance
二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)
The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth's resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its【C1】______of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has【C2】______to the near-destruction of our cities, and the pollution not only of【C3】______air, but also of the earth's atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the【C4】______of the energy crisis. Our present【C5】______is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources【C6】______and energy use have brought us to a state【C7】______long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which【C8】______the future of our country, our children, and our earth.【C9】______a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of【C10】______. There is a strong demand for moral revival and【C11】______some devotion that is vast enough and yet【C12】______enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in【C13】______of their own country【C14】______any people have been able to【C15】______themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in【C16】______with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who【C17】______with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a【C18】______need to reassess our present course, and to【C19】______new methods through which the world can survive. This is priceless【C20】______.（分数：40.00）
(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）
A.manufacture
B.increase
C.presence
D.expansion
(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
A.attributed
B.contributed
C.amounted
D.brought
(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）
A.urban
B.rural
C.local
D.downtown
(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）
A.form
B.case
C.event
D.course
(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）
A.surrounding
B.environment
C.circumstance
D.situation
(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
A.exploitation
B.exploration
C.explosion
D.exposition
(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
A.that
B.why
C.when
D.where
(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）
A.influences
B.endangers
C.restrains
D.transforms
(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）
A.but
B.yet
C.or
D.and
(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）
A.responsibility
B.conscience
C.morality
D.dedication
(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
A.of
B.by
C.with
D.for
(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）
A.personal
B.collective
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a412215343.html,pulsory
D.unanimous
(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）
A.protection
B.defense
C.rescue
D.maintenance
(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）
A.when
B.why
C.that
D.what
(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）
A.engage
B.devote
C.sacrifice
D.connection
(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a412215343.html,parison
B.accordance
C.cooperation
D.connection
(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）
A.regulate
B.exhaust
C.dominate
D.share
(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）
A.mutual
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a412215343.html,mon
C.universal
D.general
(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
A.devise
B.alter
C.initiate
D.modify
(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）
A.challenge
B.opportunity
C.attempt
D.notion
三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)
There are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept generally refers to the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that people bold about themselves, while self-esteem generally refers to how we feel about or how we value ourselves. There is a great deal of research which shows that the self-concept is, perhaps, the basis for all motivated behavior. It is the self-concept that gives rise to possible selves, and it is possible selves that create the motivation for behavior. Self-concept is related to self-esteem in that people who have good self-esteem have a clear differentiated self-concept. When people know themselves, they can maximize outcomes because they know what they can and cannot do. It would see, then that one way to impact self-esteem is to obey the somewhat outworn cliche of "Know thyself. There are several different components of self-concept: physical, academic, social and transpersonal. The physical aspect of self-concept relates to that which is concrete: what we
look like, our sex, height, weight, and what kind of clothes we wear. Our academic self-concept relates to how well we do in school or how well we learn. The social self-concept describes how we relate to other people and the transpersonal self-concept describes how we relate to other supernatural or unknown on an emotional or spiritual level. Through self-reflection, people often come to view themselves in a new, more powerful way, and it is through this new, more power way of viewing the self that people can develop possible selves. We develop and maintain our
self-concept by taking action and then reflecting on what we have done and what others tell us about what we have done. We reflect in comparison to our expectations and the exceptions of others and to the characteristics and accomplishments of others. Self-concept, thus is not innate, but is developed by the individual through interaction with the environment and reflecting on that interaction. This dynamic aspect of self-concept is important because it indicates that it can be modified or changed.（分数：10.00）
(1).It can be inferred from the text that______.（分数：2.00）
A.the author believes most behavior is learned, not innate
B.the author doesn't believe that one's self-concept can change
C.self-concept and self-esteem are often mistaken for each other
D.the author has doubts about the idea that self-concepts is the basis for behavior
(2).The author's attitude towards the ideas of "know thyself is______.（分数：2.00）
A.critical
B.positive
C.neutral
D.mixed
(3).One can conclude from the text that by developing good self-esteem people can______.（分数：2.00）
A.improve their interactions immensely
B.begin improving their behavior
C.begin to develop a clear self-concept
D.correct deficiencies in their character
(4).Which of the following would be identified as transpersonal self-concept?（分数：2.00）
A.Our concept of how interested and well we study supernatural topics.
B.Our knowledge of our strange intuition about people's feelings.
C.Our understanding of how we relate to a god we believe in.
D.Our understanding of our relationship with other people.
(5).The most appropriate title for the text would be______.（分数：2.00）
A.The Characteristics of Self-Concept
B.The Changeability of Self-Concept
C.Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
D.New Research on Self-Concept
Every dream is a message from your unconscious self, expressed in a code which only you can understand and interpret. The images, colors, moods and terms of your dreams depend upon your culture, upbringing, slang and your own understanding of things and values. Dreaming is like looking into a mirror and seeing yourself with your own eyes. The first dreams which we have after falling asleep often revolve around the day's events. We go through them, sorting out and discarding things we don't need to remember and gaining insight into those we do. Often, we are inspired with suggestions that we can use to remedy the situations that plague us by day. As we progress through the night's dreams, they may take up more fantastic qualities, offering fanciful experiences. These often pleasant images can relieve the stress of the day. But the dream we have just before the awakening often contains information the subconscious mind wants to make known to the conscious. And this information, if remembered, interpreted, and understood, can serve
as an important tool in our lives. Depending upon the content, dream can strike us with their peculiarity, or sometimes even their alarming nature. Some dreams haunt us for years, not only because of their persistence, but also primarily because we cannot explain or understand them. Other dreams stand out with the weird mixture of images, emotions and context, which make us remember them for life. Recurring dreams are quite common, and we usually have them when a certain life situation repeats, or we are facing the same problem over and over again. A recurring dream is often a sign of some emotional weakness in our nature which causes us problems over the years. Lucid dreams are rare, but they are all about people's ability to control their dreams. In such a dream, the dreamer becomes consciously aware that she/he is dreaming and is able to use the memory and participate in dream actions and emotions. Lucid dreams are usually enhanced in a sensory and imaginary way, and sometimes can be accompanied by pleasant music. People can learn the techniques of controlling their dreams. Some historic manuscripts and records say that the ability to control dreams helps a person to reach a higher degree of mind development. This is what some Tibetan Buddhists and Islam followers practiced for the purpose of elevation in consciousness.（分数：10.00）
(1).Dreams can only be understood by the dreamer because______.（分数：2.00）
A.they are always based on your deep feelings
B.they are expressed in a code only you can understand
C.they are always something related to your upbringing
D.they are related to your personal culture
(2).According to the author dreams______.（分数：2.00）
A.are always about the days events, sorting out them one by one
B.are primarily meant to relieve the stress of the day
C.is only important at the stage just before you wake up
D.move from different stages, each with different functions
(3).Recurring dreams occur______.（分数：2.00）
A.because of a repetition of event, problem or emotional weakness
B.because of a certain life situation that causes us stress
C.because we are emotionally weak
D.because we cannot explain them
(4).The word "lucid"(Line 1, Para.4)refers to______.（分数：2.00）
A.highly conscious
B.understandable
C.easy to remember
D.clearly presented
(5).It can be concluded from the text that dreams offer the potential to______.（分数：2.00）
A.predict the future
B.improve our conscience
C.increase our imagination
D.understanding ourselves
The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul — the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king's servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king's biography — not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she in
the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weakness to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the "authentic" one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is "authorized" by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "Unauthorized" biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the "unauthorized" characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several "authentic" ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell "the story of life, perhaps not even the subject", and this has been proved by the history of biography.（分数：10.00）
(1).According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who______.（分数：2.00）
A.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject
B.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing
C.is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivity
D.is aware of the strengths and weakness of different positions and adjusts accordingly
(2).The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that______.（分数：
2.00）
A.biographies can serve different purpose
B.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects' lives
C.the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figures
D.the best biographies are meant to transform their readers
(3).Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?（分数：2.00）
A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.
B.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.
C.Authorized biographies have a wider readership.
D.No one can write a perfect biography.
(4).An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because______.（分数：2.00）
A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly
B.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders
C.it contains interesting information about the subject's private life
D.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject's character
(5).In this passage, the author focuses on______.（分数：2.00）
A.the secret of a biographer to win more readers
B.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job
C.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biography
D.the characteristic of different kinds of biographies
Is this happening in your neighborhood? Children, notebook computers stuck under their arms, await the yellow bus for the trip to middle school. On the surface, the question of computers in schools is a no-brainer. It would be strange to insist that today's technology shouldn't be used to make the classroom experience more individualized, more effective, more immediate, more exciting. Computers have been in schools more than 20 years — and probably even done some good. But the idea of a personal computer as a necessary daily tool for every American grammar school pupil is altogether different thing. Beware the superficially attractive vision of 10-year-olds doing most of their work — and homework — on a computer. It's another illusory silver bullet that promises to solve all of society's ills through technology. Regardless of whether parents or
taxpayers buy the machinery, it's a bad policy. Determining the proper role of computers in schools is too important to be left to computer suppliers and educators. An educated public with clear and realistic expectations needs to help determine the right track for technology. Educators forever seem to seek the ultimate in curricular or teaching tools. They are always preoccupied with innovation — junior high school, new math, whole language, open classrooms and mastery learning, to name a few. Some ideas turned out well and over time have earned permanent positions in our education systems. Other reflected change for changes' sake and wound up in the trash bin, where they belong. Exactly what is to be solved with computers in schools? Are we looking to improve instructional capacity and flexibility? Are we trying to make teachers and aides more productive by letting students take advantage of programmed learning tools? This all sounds good, and much has been accomplished with computer-assisted instruction. But that's not the same as making the computer a symbol of well-tempered educational policy. There's danger in the message that a child is not fully educated if he or she can't surf the World Wide Web skillfully, move around in Windows or the Founder, use a word processing program, or program in Logo or Basic. These skills can be learned outside the classroom. Worse, the time it takes students to acquire them is time stolen from the legitimate teaching schedule —and that's a bad trade. And what kind of computers should be purchased? We're not talking brand names. Most school systems don't have the money to replace PCs or Macs on the two-to-three-year cycle that shifts technologies demand. On the other hand, $2, 500 — the cost of just one computer — invested in books for the school library produces an asset that has, shall we say, a longer shelf life. And who changes the factory culture of schoolrooms to allow computers to be more effective? And who teaches the teachers? These are the really tough issues — the ones that more hardware won't solve. Children are best served when schools contribute to shaping the solid foundations on which their future will be built. The student who can read with curiosity and understanding, who has mastered basic mathematical concepts, who can evaluate ideas critically, is the one schools should aim to produce.（分数：10.00）
(1).A "no-brainer" in the third sentence of the first paragraph probably means______.（分数：
2.00）
A.something that is taken for granted
B.an idea that is brainless and foolish
C.a proposal that is not worthy of serious consideration
D.a machine that can never take the place of human brain
(2).Who can determine the proper role of computers in schools?（分数：2.00）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a412215343.html,puter suppliers.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a412215343.html,puter educators.
C.The educated public.
D.All of the above.
(3).According to the author, teaching computer in the school classroom is bad practice because______.（分数：2.00）
A.the computer is too expensive a luxury for school pupils
B.the pupils are not intelligently mature enough to master the skills
C.it takes too much time which might have been spent on regular courses
D.the pupils can learn nothing from computer-assisted instruction
(4).In the last paragraph the author implies that______.（分数：2.00）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a412215343.html,puter skills contribute nothing to a proper education
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a412215343.html,puter teaching is an indispensable part of education
C.the fundamental purpose of an education is being ignored
D.teachers should be taught how to teach computer skills
(5).The author's attitude towards the present way of teaching computer in schools is______.（分数：2.00）
A.critical
B.objective
C.positive
D.optimistic
四、Chinese-English Tran(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
16.道别是一种社交礼仪，它象征一次活动的终结。在英国、美国和其他许多西方国家，告别具有特定的程式化表达模式。这些表达模式依不同的时间、地点、参加人和文化而变化。一般来说，客人应该先向主人告别。参加同一活动的两位宾客应该谁先告别并没有特定要求。有意思的是，在西方国家，客人提出告辞后不会马上离开，而是会再多待上10到15分钟再离开。出于礼貌，客人要反复告辞两三次以表示自己确实不愿离开。主人送客时会在门口与客人道别。更重要的是，客人要对主人的招待表示感谢。主人则要表示再次相聚的愿望。在中国，送别客人所花费的时间要多得多。事实上，许多好客的主人会坚持把客人送出居民区，一直送到停车场或公共汽车站。而客人则要再三劝主人不必如此客气，而他们的努力自然是不会奏效的，因为双方的做法都是在遵循传统的礼仪规范。事实上，主人要等到客人再也看不见了才可以离开。在新疆，多数当地少数民族居民认为客人在门口道别离开后还要转身再次向主人表示感谢和祝福。鞠躬在日本是一种非常重要的习俗。日本人总是不停地鞠躬。最普通的现象是他们在彼此问候及道别时以鞠躬代替握手。不论谁向你鞠躬，不回礼是无礼的表现。身体接触会令日本人不自在，但是，他们已经习惯与西方人握手了。鞠躬看似简单，但方式是有区别的。这取决于你鞠躬致意的对象的社会地位和年龄。如果对方比你的地位高或年纪比你大，鞠躬角度应该更大，时间更长。此时弯腰鞠躬是礼貌的做法。男子通常将双手垂在身侧，女子则将双手叠放在大腿上，手指相触。如果是在非正式场合，类似于点头的鞠躬就可以了。最常见的形式是15度的鞠躬。你或许会觉得这种做法很怪异，但在日本还是要试着鞠躬。别人会认为你十分有礼!（分数：2.00）
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