2定语从句归纳

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）考点精讲

一、定语从句的概念：在复合句中做定语修饰一个名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

二、关系词的作用：

观察以下定语从句并归纳关系词的作用：

1.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.

2. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.

3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.

4. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.

5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。

方法点拨：要正确选择关系词，必须找准先行词，并把它放入定语从句中，看看它在从句中充当什么成分。

三、关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。关系代词代替先行词，在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

1、who, whom, that：指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语等：

Is he the man who / that wants to see you? （who / that在从句中作主语）

He is the man（who / whom / that）I saw yesterday. （who / whom / that在从句中作宾语）2、whose：经常接名词，指人或物，只用作定语。

The girl whose father had given us a report got first.

◆whose+n这结构可以用the+n＋of + whom/which; of whom/ which + the + n来替换。

He is an excellent teacher,whose daughter studies abroad.

=He is an excellent teacher，the daughter of whom studies abroad.

（15·四川）

are prizes for us.

/of which the covers are shinny,

（14·山东）A company ______ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. (key : B)

A.which

B.whose

C.who

D.why

◆关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。

The boss in whose company my father works is a kind person.

3、which, that：指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

The car which / that was stolen belongs to Jack. （which / that在句中作主语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is from London. (which / that在句中作宾语）（14·陕西）Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position.（key: A）

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.what

注意：只能用that 的情况：

a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。先行词指人的时候，可以用who.

There are a large number of cars that are damaged in the flood.

There are 50 workers that / who demand to get their pay raised.

b) ★先行词是不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing, all, none, some, much,

few, little, the one,等，关系代词必须用that.

They did all that they could to help the poor. She is looking for something that was lost.

--Do you find anything that interests you very much?

--Sorry, there is little that interests me very much.

--Which book do you want?

--I want the one that has a blue cover.

c) ★先行词被all, every, some, any, no few, little等修饰，关系代词必须用that

Have you read any book that is written by Mark Twain?

We can find few rivers in the country that are clean and clear.

d) 先行词指的是事、物，而且被the only, the very修饰时，只用that。如果先行词是人，可以用who / whom。

This is the very computer that I want to buy.

It is the only chance that you must catch to go abroad.

You’re the very person who / whom I’m looking for.

e) ★先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that.

China is the first country that invented paper. This is the best film that I have ever seen. f) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

In her diary, Mary described the people and places that she saw on her journey to Yunnan. g) 在疑问句中，有疑问词which, who, 为了避免重复，定语从句只能用that引导：

Which is the computer that interests you most? Who is the person that broke the window? 注意：只能用which 的情况：

a) ★在引导非限定性定语从句时.

（15·湖南）It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages

b) ★介词后

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

◆定语从句中的主谓一致：

关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

Anyone who is over 20 can join the army.

I ,who am your friend , will help you.

This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

四、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1、when, where, why：关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此

常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

（15·北京）Opposite is ST.Paul’s church,where （in / at which）you can hear some lovely music.

（15·陕西）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when (at which) he should be able to be independent.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?