(完整word)形容词、副词比较级、最高级讲义
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成和用法
一．形容词的含义
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词
A happy girl an interesting book the friendly peoper
那么现在有两个女孩说明谁比谁更高兴，谁比谁更有趣的时候我们就用形容词的比较级，那么三个或三个以上呢，我们使用的就是形容词的最高级。
我们首先来看一下形容词的比较级和最高级是如何变化的
二.形容词、副词的变化规则
①一般在词尾直接加er或est
eg: tall→taller→-tallest，long→longer→longest
②以不发音的字母e结尾的单词, 在词尾直接加r或st
eg: nice→nicer→nicest
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est
eg:heavy→heavier→heaviest
④.重读闭音节 1.后三个字母是辅+元+辅音，双写末尾辅音字母, 再加er或est 。
2.最后音节重读
eg:big→bigger→-biggest (fat, hot, wet, thin)
⑤.多音节词和部分双音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级
eg: slowly→more slowly→most slowly；beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
你现在能写出下面形容词的比较级和最高级了吗？
hot ________ _________ friendly __________ __________ busy __________ __________
strong _______ _______ large ________ ________ comfortable __________ ___________
总结归纳：
比较级是____者进行比较；
最高级是________________进行比较；
最高级前一般有______，后面可能会出现in/of的短语。
注：几个特殊的形容词和副词的变化
三．比较级的基本用法及常用句型结构
（1） 含义：两个人或事物之间的比较 （2） 标志词：than （比 ） （3） 用法及考点：
★★①可以修饰比较级的副词：
much （…得多） a little (一点儿) a lot （…得多） a bit (一点儿) far （…得多） even (甚至) still ( 仍然 ) rather (更) eg: Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.
Tom looks a little younger than before. She drives still more carefully than her husband.
②比较级常用的句型结构
★ 考点1. “A+比较级+than+B”表示: “A 比B…”
eg: Tom is taller than Kate.
I get up earlier than my mother every morning.
原级 比较级 最高级 good ,well better best many ,much more most little
less least bad /badly/ ill worse worst old
older elder
oldest eldest far farther 表距离 further 表程度
farthest furthest
★考点2. “A+比较级+than+ any other+单数名词”，表示：“A比其他任何一个都……”，（含义是: 同一范围内比较，甲最……”。）
eg:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
★考点3.“比较级+and+比较级” , 表示:“越来越……”。
eg: He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
【注：多音节形容词或副词表示“越来越…”用：more and more +adj/adv 原级】
★考点4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”, 表示:“越……，越……”。
eg: The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
★考点5.“特殊疑问词+ 比较级，A or B？”
eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？
四．最高级的基本用法及常用句型结构
（1）用法：三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较。
①in + 短语（在…之中）
（2）标志词：
②of + 短语（在…当中）
考点①. 主语+the+最高级+in/of短语” 表示: “……是……中最……的”。
eg: Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
【注：形容词的最高级前通常加定冠词the, 副词的最高级前定冠词the 通常可以省略】
考点②“主语+be +one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示：“…是…中最…之一”。
eg:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
考点③.“特殊疑问词+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？” 用于三者及以上的比较。
eg: Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？
Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？
五．形容词、副词的原级比较
（1）用法：两者就同一事物进行比较。
肯定句：as+形容词原形+as表示：与......一样
（2）句型结构
否定句：not so/as+形容词原形as表示：......不如......
eg: She is as tall as her sister. （她和她姐姐一样高。）
He runs not so/as fast as his classmates. （他跑得不如他的同学们快。）
课堂练习
(一) 写出下列形容词的比较级与最高级形式：
long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____
heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____
bad _____ _______ far_____ ______ happy_____ ______
(二) 选择填空：
1. She looks _____ than she does.
A. the more older
B. very older
C. much older
D. more older
2. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer
B. not longer
C. much more longer
D. many more longer
3. The garden is becoming ______.
A. more beautiful and more
B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful
D. more beautiful and beautifuler
4. As the 2010 Asian Games get closer, Guangzhou is becoming than ever.（2009）
A. beautiful
B. most beautiful
C. more beautiful
D. almost beautiful
5. Why don't you like winter in Beijing? ——Because it is __________winter in Guangzhou.
A. as cold as
B.much colder than
C. not so cold as
D.not colder than
6. The actress is already 50, but she looks _________ than she really is.
A. young
B. more young
C. more younger
D. much younger
(三) 用所给词的正确形式填空：
1.Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
2.My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
3.John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (yo ung) child.
4.She will be much ______ (happy) in her new house.
5.Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.
(四) 翻译句子：
1.这本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.
2.你游泳没有你弟弟好。You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.
3.今天比昨天冷的多。It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.
4.她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.
5.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English.
家庭作业
一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：
1. nice ______________________
2. hot ______________________
3. dry ____________________
4. much _____________________
5. little _____________________
6. bad ____________________
7. early ______________________ 8. careful_________________ 9. exciting ___________________
二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：
1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.
2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian.
3.Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
4. He is ______ (bad) in maths. He is much _______ (bad) in Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) in English.
5. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
6.He is one of the_______ __(clever) student in the class, I think.
7. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.
8. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad)
9. The higher you climb, the _______ it will be. (cold)
10. Now his life is becoming ________ and _____ __. (difficult)
11. There are _______ boys than girls in our class. (few)