高级语法(2)
9.所有格
10.被动语态
11.动词短语
12.介词短语
13.定语从句与名词性从句
14.连词
15.动词时态
16.形容词与副词
九、所有格
1.They will have it finished in __________.
A)three quarter of an hour time. C) three quarter of an hour’s time
B)three quarters of an hour time D) three quarters of an hour’s time
2.Despite the wonderful acting（表演）and well-developed plot(情节) the _________movie
could not hold our attention.
A)three-hours C) three-hours’
B)three-hour D) three-hour’s
十、被动语态与时态
1. A Dream of the Red Chamer (红楼梦) is said _________ into dozens of languages in the past
decade.
A)to have been translated C) to be translated
B)to translate D) to have translated
2.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, __________ and perfected now.
A)developed C) are being developed
B)have developed D) will have been developed
3.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _________ today and are being modified (修正) by
the work of scientists of our time.
A)are to challenge C) have been challenged
B)may be challenged D) are challenging
4. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _________ comfortably.
A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are worn
十一、动词短语
1.We object _________ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.
A)against C) to
B)about D) for
2.The bridge was named ________ the hero who gave his life to the cause of the people.
A)after C) by
B)with D) from
十二、介词短语
1.Jack is good, kind, hard-workng and intelligent; _________, I can’t speak too highly of him.
A)as a result C) by the way
B)in a word D) on the contrary
2.After a long and exhausting journey, they arrived __________.
A)till the last C) by the end
B)at last D) at the end
3. Young adults ________ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.
A) other than B) more than C) less than D) rather than
4. These tow areas are similar _______ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that
5. I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately; but if you’d like to take a seat, I’ll be with you ______
A) for a moment B) in a moment C) for the moment D) at the moment
6. He came back, _______ which time all the guests had already left.
A) after B) by C) at D) during
7. He went ahead ________ all warnings about the danger of his mission.
A) in case of B) about C) regardless of D) prior to
十三、定语从句,名词性从句与状语从句
1.All ________ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A)what is needed C) the thing needed
B)for our needs D) that is needed
2.I decided to go to the library as soon as I __________.
A)finish C) would finish what I was doing
B)finished what I did D) finished what I was doing
3.Evidence came up _________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6
years old.
A)what C) that
B)which D) whose
4.How close parents are to their children _________ a strong influence on the character of the
children.
A)have B) having
B)has D) to have
5.They usually have less money at the end of the month than _________ at the beginning.
A)which is C) they have
B)which was D) it is
6.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, ________, of course,
made the others jealous.
A)who C) what
B)That D) which
7._________ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A)that C) what
B)which D) it
8.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from ________ to suspend your tent.
A)there C) which
B)them D) where
9.In some countries, _________ is called “equality” does not mean equal rights for all people.
A)which C) that
B)what D) one
10.I have kept that portrait _________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my
university days in London.
A)which C) whether
B)where D) when
11.It is useful to be able to predict the extend _________ which a price change will affect supply
and demand.
A)from C) to
B)with D) for
12.As ________ announced in today’s papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also
open on Sundays.
A)being C) to be
B)is D) been
13.The mere fact _________ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean
that it will not occur.
A)what C) that
B)which D) why
14.We can assign the work to _________ is reliable.
A)who B) whom C) whoever D) whomever
15.Anthony Jason, __________ Louis succeeded in the experiment, was a friend of mine.
A)with the help from whom C) with whose help
B)sith the help of his D) with his help
16.No one objected to Harry’s presiding over the meeting; what everyone _________ objecting
to was his rudeness.
A)were B) have been C) was D) had been
17.I sent invitations to 80 people, _________ have replied.
A)of when only 20 of these C) of whom only
B)only 20 of these who D) only 20 who
18.It wasn’t such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.
A)that B) which C) as D) what
19. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters
are the main situations _________ formal language is used.
A) in which B) on which C) in that D) at what
20. We agree to accept ________ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A) whatever B) whomever C) whichever D) whoever
21. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _______ it forces
people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors.
A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that
22. There was such a long line at the exhibition _________ we had to wait for about half an hour.
A) as B) that C) so D) hence
23. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other way of doing things, _______.
A) as B) what C) so D) that
24. We need a chairman _________.
A) for whom everyone has confidence B) in whom everyone has confidence
C) who everyone has confidence of D) whom everyone has confidence on
25. Excuse me. If your call’s not too urgent, do you mind ________ mine first?
A) I make B) if I make C) me to make D) that I make
26. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _________ upo to half will be from
overseas.
A)in which B) for whom C) with what D) of whom
27. _________ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
A) As B）That C) It D) What
28. We were struck by the extend ________ which teachers’ decisions served the interests of
school rather than those of the students.
A) to B) for C) in D) with
29. I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, _________.
A) however much it costs B) however does it costs much
C) how much does it cost D) no matter how it costs
30. Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _______ tea is poured into a cup from a tea pot.
A) in the same way like B) in the same way which
C) in the same way D) in the same as
31. By success I don’t mean _________ usually thought of when that word is used.
A) what is B) that we C) as you D) all is
32. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ________
were surprising.
A) as result B) which results C) the results of it D) the results of which
33. I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place ________.
A) where I’d like to visit B) in which I’d like to visit
C) I most want to visit D) that I want to visit it most
34. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes,
_______ from the sort of candles used only in churches.
A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came
35. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ________ overall consumption is
significantly higher than that women.
A) whose B) which C) that D) what
36. There are sings _________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A) that B) which C) in which D) whose
37. Living in the western part of the country has its problem, ________ obtaining fresh water is
Not the least.
A) with which B) for which C) of which D) which
38. The hours _________ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television
people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.
A) in which B) on which C) when D) that
39. ________ difficulties we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them.
A) Wherever B) Whatever C) However D) Whenever
十四、连词
1.They decided to chase the cow away _________ it did more damage.
A)unless C) before
B)until D) although
2.She never laughed, __________ lose her temper.
A)or she ever did C) or did she ever
B)nor did she ever D) nor she ever did
3.__________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A)
B)For now C) Ever since
C)Now that D) By now
4.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _________ we all sat down to rest.
A)when C) than
B)then D) until
5.Five minutes earlier, _________ we could have caught the last train.
A)and C) or
B)but D) so
6. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ________ the guards discovered
what had happened.
A)before C) since
B)until D) when
7.Scientists say it may be five or ten years _________ it is possible to test this medicine on
human patients.
A)since C) after
B)before D) when
8.Liquids are like solids _________ they have a definite volume.
A)in that C) with that
B)for that D) at that
9.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true
_______ it comes to classroom tests.
A)when C) before
B)since D) after
10.Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50% percent of patients do not take drugs
__________ directed.
A)like C) which
B)do D) as
11.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _________ I heard voices.
A)as C) after
B)when D) while
12.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _________ something occurred which
attracted my attention.
A)unless C) when
B)until D) while
13.John seems a nice person. __________ , I don’t trust him.
A)even though C) therefore
B)even so D) though
14.________ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.
A)For C) Since
B)Now D) Despite
15._________ David loves his daughters, he is strict with them.
A)When B) If C) During D) While
16. We hadn’t met for 20 years, but I recognized her __________ I saw her.
A) for the moment C) the moment when
B) at the moment when D) the moment
17. Criticism and sell-criticism is necessary _________ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
A) by that b) at that C) on that D) in that
18. _________ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all
variables and modeled them accurately.
A) Even if B) As far as C) If only D) So long as
19. I was advised to arrange for insurance _________ I needed medical treatment.
A) nevertheless B) although C) in case D) so that
20. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness _______ by
Hisl ack of talent.
A) than B) more than C) as D) so much as
21. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _________ suggested by the local
government, will be seriously considered here.
A) while B) since C) after D) as
22. ________ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A) For B) Since C) Before D) While
23. I think I was at school, ________ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I
heard the news.
A) or else B) and then C) or so B) even so
24. ________ receiving financial support form family, community or the government is allowed,
it is never admired.
A) As B) Once C) Although D) Lest
25. The basic features of the communication process are identified in one question: who says
__________ through what channel to whom?
A) how B) when C) what D) such
26. He will surely finish the job on time ________ he’s left to do it in his own way.
A) in that B) so long as C) in case D) as far as
27. I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived ________ Susan caught up with
me.
A) when B) while C) until D) though
28. ________ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go with the experiment.
A) Since B) For C) As D) With
十五、动词时态
1.We _________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A)Just have had C) just had
B)Have just had D) had just had
2.By the end of this month, we surely ________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A)have found C) will have found
B)will be finding D) are finding
3.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _______ advertisements showing happy
balanced families.
A)are often seeing C) will often see
B)often see D) have often seen
4.While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television
__________ the newspaper completely.
A)replaced C) replace
B)have replaced D) will replace
5.It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of ceme nt in the factory __________by
about 10%.
A)will have risen C) will be rising
B)has risen D) has been rising
6.Until then, his family ___________ from him for six months.
A)didn’t hear C) hasn’t heard
B)hasn’t been hearing D) hadn’t heard
7.It seems oil _________ from this pipe some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put
it right.
A)had leaked(漏) C) leaked
B)is leaking D) has been leaking
8.Once environmental damage _________, it takes many years for the system to recover.
A)has done C) does
B)Is to do D) is done
9.By the time I return, you ___________ this book.
A)would have finished C) will be finished
B)would finish D) should have finished
10. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _________ here for two days.
A) have been staying C) shall stay
B) have stayed D) will have stayed
11. She ought to stop her work; she has a headache because she ________ too long.
A) has been reading C) had read
B) is reading D) read
12. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ________ to the nation.
A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left
13.Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ________ necessary for all planes to land for
refueling.
A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been
14. My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from here
________ by then.
A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left
15. ----”May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?”
----”I’m sorry. Mr. Williams ________ to a conference long before then.”
A) will have gone B) had gone C) would have gone D) has gone
16. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining
schemes, ________ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allows
十六、副词
1.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angles __________.
A)is rarely C) hardly
B)rarely is D) is scarcely
2.I couldn’t fi nd _________, and so I took this one.
A) a large enough coat C) a large coat enough
B)an enough large coat D) a coat enough large
3.He moved away from his parents, and missed them ________ enjoy the exciting life in New
York.
A)too much to C) very much to
B)enough to D) much so as to
4.She is __________ a musician than her brother.
A)much of C) more of
B)much as D) more as
5.In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _________ spring.
A)later C) latter
B)last D) late
6.The little man was _________ one meter fifty high.
A)almost more than C) nearly more than
B)hardly more than D) as much as
7.You cannot be ________ careful when you drive a car.
A)very C) too
B)so D) enough
8. Americans eat ________ as they actually need every day.
A) twice as much protein B) twice protein as much twice C) twice protein as much D）protein as twice much
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小学基础语法汇总(完美版)
第一部分：基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：A E I O U 12个单元音：前元音：[i:] [?] /e/ [?] 中元音：[?:] [?] 后元音：[ɑ:][?][?:][?] [u :] [?] 双元音（8个） Ⅰ.合口双元音（5个）[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i] Ⅱ.集中双元音（3个）[i?] [ε?] [u?] 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 第二部分：语法知识 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数：（需背熟）
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes l并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二部分：语法知识 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the the egg the plane
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语法讲义.docx
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《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 ! 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 ) (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市
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日语一级、二级语法汇总(一)
日语一级、二级语法汇总（一） 一、心情的强调、强制 二、时点、场面 三、时间的同时性、时间的先后关系 四、原因、理由 五、经过、结束 六、逆说、假定条件 七、逆接、让步 八、假定条件、确定条件 九、否定、部分否定 十、强调 十一、倾向、状态、样子 十二、判断的立场、评价的视点 十三、基准 十四、起点、终点、界限、范围 十五、不可能、可能、困难、容易 十六、目的、手段、媒介 十七、进行、相关关系 十八、附带、非附带 十九、关联、对应 二十、无关系、无视、例外 二十一、话题 二十二、例示 二十三、动作的对象 二十四、主张、断定 二十五、感叹、愿望 二十六、传闻、推量 二十七、劝诱、注意、禁止 二十八、限定 二十九、非限定、附加 三十、比较、最上级、对比 一、心情的强调、强制 （1）心情的强调 １～てしかたがない（特别，……得不得了） ２～てしようがない（特别，……得不得了） ３～てたまらない（特别，……得不得了） ４～てならない（特别，……得不得了） ５～てやまない（……不已，永远，衷心……） ６～かぎりだ（极其，尤其，很，非常） ７～といったらない（难以形容，……之极，……得不得了）
８～といったらありやしない（难以形容，……之极，……得不得了） （2）强制 １～ないわけにわいかない（不能不，不可以不，必须） ２～ざるをえない（不能不，不可以不，必须） ３～ないでわいられない（不能不，不可以不，必须） ４～ずにわいられない（不能不，不可以不，必须） ５～ないでわすまない（不能不，不可以不，必须） ６～ずにわすまない（不能不，不可以不，必须） ７～ないでわおかない（不会不，必然） ８～ずにわおかない（不会不，必然） ９～をきんじえない（不禁，禁不住） １０～を余儀なくされる（不得已，没办法，只能，被迫） １１～を余儀なくさせる（不得已，没办法，只能，被迫） 二、时点、场面 １～折（に）折の（时值，正赶上） ２～際（に）（时候，时机） ３～に際して（当……之际，在……的时候） ４～に当たって（当……之际，在……的时候） ５～たところだ（刚刚） ～ているところだ（正在） ～ところだ（正要） ６～かけだかけるかけの（做一半，没做完，快……了） ７～うちに（在……之内，趁……时候） ～ないうちに（还没……的时候，趁还没……的时候） ８～間に間は（……之间，趁……时候） ９～最中に（正在） １０～中に中は中だ（在……，正在……） １１～において（在……地点，在……时间，在……方面） １２～にあって（处于……情况下） 三、时间的同时性、时间的先后关系 （1）时间的同时性 1、动词连用形（五段动词第二连用形）たとたんに（刚一……） 2、用言终止形+かと思うと／かと思えば（原以为） 用言终止形+かと思ったら（我还以为……呢） 动词连用形（五段动词词第二连用）+た（か）思ったら／たか思うと（刚一……就……）3、动词连用形（五段动词第二连用形）动词连体形+た（か）～ないかのうちに（刚……，还没……时） 动词连用形（五段动词第二连用形）动词连体形+た（か）～ないかに （刚……，还没……时） 4、动词连用形（第一连用形）+次第（……随即，立刻，马上）
语法讲义
Lecture 28 Existential Sentence Teaching objectives: 1.Getting to know the structural properties of existential sentences; 2.Getting to know the grammatical relationship in existential sentences; Lecturing: 1.Structural properties of existential sentences: There + be + NP + locative/ temporal adverbial What we should pay attention to is the “notion al” or “real subject” that determines the number in verbs. 2.Notional subject is usually a noun phrase with indefinite specific reference. 3.Predicator in existential sentence includes forms of the verb “be”, finite or non-finite, simple or perfective. Modals and semi-auxiliary can also be used in the predication. There are also semantically-related verbs that can act as predicator in an existential sentence, including “exist, live, stand, lie, come, go, walk, emerge, develop, happen, occur” , etc. 4.Non-finite existential clauses: There to be and there being. There to be, used as prepositional complementation, especially after the word “for”; it can also be used after a certain verbs as object including “expect, mean, intend, want, like, prefer, hate”, etc. There being, used as subject and adverbial. Lecture 29 It-Patterns Teaching objectives: 1.Getting to know types of It-patterns; 2.Getting to know the grammatical relationships in It-patterns. Lecturing: 1. Empty “it” Empty “it”does not refer to anything. It is meaningless and is chiefly used as formal subject in sentences denoting time, place, distance, and atmospheric conditions. And it is also used in sentences denoting a general situation. Besides, it can also be used in some idioms and idiomatic expressions. 2. Anticipatory “it” Anticipatory “it” is used in sentences with a nominal clause as subject or object. To make the sentence balanced, the subject is usually shifted to the end of the sentence, and using formal subject to take its place. This kind of extraposition is more frequent than its natural position. 3.“It” as introductory word of cleft sentences The general pattern of a cleft sentence is: It + be + focal element + that-/ who- clause
N语法汇总
N3语法汇总 1)～は～より～です 表示比较，谓语是形容词或形容动词 ～比～? 2)～は～ほど～くない/ではない 助词ほど是以某一事例来表示状态，性质的。谓语用形容词或形容动词的否定形式 ～不如～ 3)AよりBのほうが～です 助词より接在比较的对象后面。谓语上形容词或形容动词 ～比～更～ 4)AとBとでは、どちらが～ですか/AとBとどつらが～ですか 表示询问A，B相比较时的句型 A和B哪个～ 5)～(の中)では、何がいちばん～ですか 在～里，哪个最～ 6)AとBとCとでは(どれ/どこ/いつ/どの)～がいちばん～ですか ～和～和～，哪个／什么地方／什么时候／那种，最～ 7)～のあいで/あとで～する 表示一个动作完成后再做另一个动作，或稍后进行某一动作 ～之后／稍后再～ 8)～たあとで ～之后 9)～たり、～たりする １、表示在许多动作中，列举１、２例说明 又～又～，一会～一会～ ２、表示举出一例，以示还有其他类似的情况 ～之类的 10)～ほうがいい 表示劝说或建议 还是～为好 11)～ませんか 表示建议或劝诱 ～吗？ 12)だから/ですから 表示原因或理由 所以～
13)けれども/けれど/だが/しかし 表示逆态连接 虽然～但是～，可是～ 14)～かもしれまい 表示说话人的推测 也许～ 15)く(に)なる/く(に)する く(に)なる 表示自然或客观的变化 变的～，会变～ く(に)する 表示主观作用于某事物而使其发生变化 把～弄成～，使～成为～ 16)～さ/～み 使形容词或形容动词名词化 17)ください 一般用于请或要求对方做某事 请给我～ 18)て型 略 19)ばかり １、表示数量次数特别多 尽～，只～ ２、表示反复连续做某事，几乎不做其他事 尽～，光～ ３、表示大概的数量 ～左右 20)动词连用型て+から/动词过去式た+あとで 表示一个动作之后，在进行另一个动作 21)～てみる 表示对某种动作的尝试 ～以下，～看 22)～てしまう 表示完了尽了，或者表示意外无可挽回的遗憾心情 ～完了，～光了，～了 23)～ておく 表示预先作好某种准备，后者表示继续保持某种状态，放任不管～预先，让它～ 24)～てほしい/～てもらいたい
日语二级语法大全
１、～あげく/～あげくに 「あげく」接在动词过去式、名词+の之后，表示结果。「あげく」的前后项均非出自本愿的事项，表示结果消极的情况较多，后项一般用过去时结句，相当于汉语的“最后……终于”“……的结果、最后……” 例：（1）長い苦労のあげく、とうとう病気になってしまいました。 （2）激しく論争したあげく、幾つかの問題について合意仁達した。 （3）さんざん現がしたあげくに、とうとう離婚してしまった （4）口論のあげく、二人はつかみ合いになった。 （5）考えに考えたあげく、会社を辞めることにした。 2、～あまり 「あまり」接在带有感情、态度、状态等色彩的「名詞+の」或形容动词词干+な、动词基本形之后表示由于前述情感、态度、状态过于激烈而引起某种消极的结果。相当于汉语的“过度……的结果”、“因过于……而”、“因为太……所以……”等的意思。 例：（1）喜びのあまり、声をあげた。 （2）問題解決を急ぐあまり、綿密計画しなっかた。 （3）彼女は間帳面なあまり、ほんのちょっとしたミスの見逃せない。 （4）驚きのあまり、腰を抜かした。 （5）働きすぎたあまり、とうとう倒れてしなった。 3、～以上/～以上は 「以上」接在动词、形容词的普通体或形容动词词干+である、名詞+である之后，起引出前提的作用，前项为确定事实，后项多为说话人的决心、判断、主张等，相当于汉语的“既然……就……”“当然该……”“必须……” 例：（1）お金がない以上、我慢するしかない。 （2）引き受けたい上、立派にやらなければなりません。 （3）学生である以上、まじめに勉強すべきです。 （4）この本が必要である以上、他人に貸すわけにはいかない。 （5）生きている以上、会社のためになる仕事をしたい。 4、～上は 接在动词过去式之后,与「～かたには」「～以上（は）」的用法基本相同,但其语气更为郑重,相当于汉语的“既然……就……”等 例：（1）事実がそうであった上は、仕方がない。 （2）大学を受験すると決めた上は、しっかりやろう。 （3）会議で決定された上は、個人的には反対でも決定に従うべきだ。 （4）見られた上は、仕方がない。
语法讲义
英语句子成分与词性 句子构成的成分共分为八种：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，补语，状语和同位语。 1.主语：是全句述说的对象。一般位于句首，除了there be结构，疑问句和倒 装句中。 Walls have ears. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 2.谓语：说明主语的情况，永远只能由动词（实义动词或系动词）组成。助动 词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Actions speak louder than words. The chance may never come again. Tom was very sick at heart. Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994. 3.表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的身份，特征和状态。 常见的系动词有：be, appear, become, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, seem, sound, smell, stay, taste, turn等。 My father is a professor. Who’s that? It’s me. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 4.宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。跟在及物动词或不及物动词+介词 之后。 She covered her face with her hands. We haven’t seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please! He wants to dream a nice dream. We need to know what others are doing. 5.定语：修饰名词的成分。 They are woman worker. Tom’s father didn’t write home until yesterday. Equal pay for equal work should be introduced. You haven’t kept your promise to write us often.
(完整版)小学最全英语语法汇总
小学最全英语语法汇总 一、时态 1．一般现在时 （1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually 通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有时，always总是,”等词。 （2）基本结构： I / You / We / They He / She / It 肯定句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式否定句don’t + 动原doesn’t + 动原 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do… ? Yes, I do. Does…(动词原 形)…?No,she doesn’t. 特殊疑问句What do …? How does she…(动词原 形)…? (3) 动词第三人称单数形式（同名词单数变成复数方法相同） 1 一般情况+s 如：walk-walks 2. 辅音字母+y结尾去y +ies f ly-flies 3. 结尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches
4. 特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes 2．现在进行时, （1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now现在, look 看，linsen听”. （2）基本形式： be + 动词ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? （3）动词的现在分词形式（动词+ing） 一般情况+ing walk—walking 结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing come—coming 重读闭音节双写最 后一个 字母 +ing run-running swim-swimming 3. 一般过去时 （1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last …上一个…, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才，
新概念英语一册语法点梳理
—－可编辑修改，可打印—— 别找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务——
全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节 最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式 新概念英语第一册语法点梳理 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34 现在进行时Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时Lesson 51—56 一般现在时Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118 过去进行时Lesson 119—120 过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.
语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。 Lesson 7—8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。 语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French? What nationality are you? What’s your job? 特殊疑问句。 Lesson 9—10 语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you? 语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表位置near the window, on the television, on the wall Lesson 29—30 语言点：如何发号命令。语法点：祈使句（肯定）;动词与宾语的固定搭配。 Lesson 37—38 语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。 语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。There be 句型的一般疑问句形式。