建筑专业术语翻译

『翻译』ARCHITECTURAL & STRUCTURAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业

a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据

b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段

c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME

常用房间名称

e. ROOFING & CEILING

屋面及天棚

f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)

g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟

h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)

门、玻璃、窗及五金件

I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)

楼梯、休息平台及电梯

j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES

建筑材料词汇及短语

Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦

Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石

【Cement, Mortar and Concrete

水泥、砂浆和混凝土】

【Facing And Plastering Materials

饰面及粉刷材料】

【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos

沥青和石棉】

【Timber 木材】

【Metallic Materials 金属材料】

【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】

【Anti-Corrosion Materials

防腐蚀材料】

【Building Hardware 建筑五金】

【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】

Conventional Terms 一般通用名词【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role

职务名称】

【Drafting 制图】

2. STRUCTURE 结构专业

a. LOAD 荷载

b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础

c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构

d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构

e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC

抗震设计

f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN

设计常用词汇

g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇

a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据

计划建议书 planning proposals

设计任务书 design order

标准规范standards and codes

条件图 information drawing

设计基础资料basic data for design

工艺流程图 process flowchart

工程地质资料

engineering geological data

原始资料 original data

设计进度 schedule of design

b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段

方案 scheme, draft

草图 sketch

会谈纪要summary of discussion

谈判 negotiation

可行性研究 feasibility study

初步设计 preliminary design

基础设计 basic design

详细设计 detail design

询价图 enquiry drawing

施工图 working drawing,

construction drawing

竣工图 as built drawing

c. CLIMATE CONDITION

气象条件

日照 sunshine

风玫瑰 wind rose

主导风向prevailing wind direction

最大(平均)风速

maximum (mean) wind velocity

风荷载 wind load

最大(平均)降雨量

maximum (mean) rainfall

雷击及闪电thunder and lightning

飓风 hurricane

台风 typhoon

旋风 cyclone

降雨强度rainfall intensity

年降雨量 annual rainfall

湿球温度 wet bulb temperature

干球温度 dry bulb temperature

冰冻期 frost period

冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone

室外计算温度

calculating outdoor temperature

采暖地区

region with heating provision

不采暖地区

region without heating provision

绝对大气压

absolute atmospheric pressure

相对湿度 relative humidity

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME

常用房间名称

办公室 office

服务用房 service room

换班室 shift room

休息室 rest room (break room)

起居室 living room

浴室 bathroom

淋浴间 shower

更衣室 locker room

厕所 lavatory

门厅 lobby

诊室 clinic

工作间 workshop

电气开关室 switchroom

走廊 corridor

档案室 archive

电梯机房 lift motor room

车库 garage

清洁间 cleaning room

会议室(正式) conference room

会议室 meeting room

衣柜间 ward robe

暖风间 H.V.A.C room

饭店 restaurant

餐厅 canteen, dining room

厨房 kitchen

入口 entrance

接待处 reception area

会计室 accountant room

秘书室 secretary room

电气室 electrical room

控制室 control room

工长室 foreman office

开关柜室 switch gear

前室 antecabinet (Ante.)

生产区 production area

马达控制中心 Mcc

多功能用房 utility room

化验室 laboratory room

经理室 manager room

披屋(阁楼) penthouse

警卫室 guard house

e. ROOFING AND CEILING

屋面及天棚

女儿墙 parapet

雨蓬 canopy

屋脊 roof ridge

坡度 slope

坡跨比 pitch

分水线 water-shed

二毡三油

2 layers of felt &

3 coats of bitumastic

附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt

檐口 eave

挑檐 overhanging eave

檐沟 eave gutter

平屋面 flat roof

坡屋面 pitched roof

雨水管

downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)

汇水面积 catchment area

泛水 flashing

内排水 interior drainage

外排水 exterior drainage

滴水 drip

屋面排水 roof drainage

找平层 leveling course

卷材屋面 built-up roofing

天棚 ceiling

檩条 purlin

屋面板 roofing board

天花板 ceiling board

防水层 water-proof course

检查孔 inspection hole

人孔 manhole

吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling

檐板(窗帘盒) cornice

f. WALL (CLADDING)

墙体(外墙板)

砖墙 brick wall

砌块墙 block wall

清水砖墙brick wall without plastering

抹灰墙 rendered wall

石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board

空心砖墙 hollow brick wall

承重墙 bearing wall

非承重墙 non-bearing wall

纵墙 longitudinal wall

横墙 transverse wall

外墙 external (exterior) wall

内墙 internal (interior) wall

填充墙 filler wall

防火墙 fire wall

窗间墙 wall between window

空心墙 cavity wall

压顶 coping

圈梁 gird, girt, girth

玻璃隔断 glazed wall

防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)

遮阳板 sunshade

阳台 balcony

伸缩缝 expansion joint

沉降缝 settlement joint

抗震缝 seismic joint

复合夹心板 sandwich board

压型单板 corrugated single steel plate

外墙板 cladding panel

复合板 composite panel

轻质隔断 light-weight partition

牛腿 bracket

砖烟囱 brick chimney

勒脚(基座) plinth

g. FLOOR AND TRENCH

地面及地沟

地坪 grade

地面和楼面 ground and floor

素土夯实 rammed earth

炉渣夯实 tamped cinder

填土 filled earth

回填土夯实 tamped backfill

垫层 bedding course, blinding

面层 covering, finish

结合层 bonding (binding) course

找平层 leveling course

素水泥浆结合层

neat cement binding course

混凝土地面 concrete floor

水泥地面 cement floor

机器磨平混凝土地面

machine trowelled concrete floor

水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring

马赛克地面 mosaic flooring

瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring

油地毡地面 linoleum flooring

预制水磨石地面 precast terrazzo flooring

硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring

搁栅 joist

硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring

企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring

防酸地面 acid-resistant floor

钢筋混凝土楼板

reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)

乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring

水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo

地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope

集水沟 gully

集水口 gulley

排水沟 drainage trench

沟盖板 trench cover

活动盖板 removable cover plate

集水坑 sump pit

孔翻边 hole up stand

电缆沟 cable trench

h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)

门、玻璃、窗及五金件

木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door 镶板门 panelled door

夹板门 plywood door

铝合金门 aluminum alloy door

卷帘门 roller shutter door

弹簧门 swing door

推拉门 sliding door

平开门 side-hung door

折叠门 folding door

旋转门 revolving door

玻璃门 glazed door

密闭门 air-Tight door

保温门 thermal insulating door

镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door

防火门 fire door

(大门上的)小门 wicket

门框 door frame

门扇 door leaf

门洞 door opening

结构开洞 structural opening

单扇门 single door

双扇门 double door

疏散门 emergency door

纱门 screen door

门槛 door sill

门过梁 door lintel

上冒头 top rail

下冒头 bottom rail

门边木 stile

门樘侧料 side jumb

槽口 notch

木窗 wooden window

钢窗 steel window

铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window

百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)

塑钢窗 plastic steel window

空腹钢窗 hollow steel window

固定窗 fixed window

平开窗 side-hung window

推拉窗 sliding window

气窗 transom

上悬窗 top-hung window

中悬窗 center-pivoted window

下悬窗 hopper window

活动百叶窗 adjustable louver

天窗 skylight

老虎窗 dormer window

密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing

钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel

钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel

窗扇 casement sash

窗台 window sill

窗台板 window board

窗中梃 mullion

窗横木 mutin

窗边木 stile

压缝条 cover mould

窗帘盒 curtain box

合页(铰链) hinge (butts)

转轴 pivot

长脚铰链 parliament hinge

闭门器 door closer

地弹簧 floor closer

插销 bolt

门锁 door lock

拉手 pull

链条 chain

门钩 door hanger

碰球 ball latch

窗钩 window catch

暗插销 insert bolt

电动开关器 electric opener

平板玻璃 plate glass

夹丝玻璃 wire glass

透明玻璃 clear glass

毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)

防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass

石英玻璃 quartz glass

吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass

磨光玻璃 polished glass

着色玻璃 pigmented glass

玻璃瓦 glass tile

玻璃砖 glass block

有机玻璃 organic glass

I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)

楼梯、休息平台及电梯

楼梯 stair

楼梯间 staircase

疏散梯 emergency stair

旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)

吊车梯 crane ladder

直爬梯 vertical ladder

踏步 step

扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)

踏步板 tread

档步板 riser

踏步宽度 tread width

防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)

栏杆 railing (balustrade)

平台栏杆 platform railing

吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole

扶手 handrail

梯段高度 height of flight

防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage)

平台 landing (platform)

操作平台 operating platform

装卸平台platform for loading & unloading

楼梯平台 stair landing

客梯 passenger lift

货梯 goods lift

客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift

液压电梯 hydraulic lift

自动扶梯 escalator

观光电梯 observation elevator

电梯机房 lift mortar room

电梯坑 lift pit

电梯井道 lift shaft

j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES

建筑材料词汇及短语

• Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦

红砖 red brick

粘土砖 clay brick

瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)

防火砖 fire brick

空心砖 hollow brick

面砖 facing brick

地板砖 flooring tile

缸砖 clinkery brick

马赛克 mosaic

陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete

琉璃瓦 glazed tile

脊瓦 ridge tile

石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)

波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet

• Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石

石膏 gypsum

大理石 marble

汉白玉 white marble

花岗岩 granite

碎石 crushed stone

毛石 rubble

蛭石 vermiculite

珍珠岩 pearlite

水磨石 terrazzo

卵石 cobble

砾石 gravel

粗砂 course sand

中砂 medium sand

细砂 fine sand

Cement, Mortar and Concrete

水泥、砂浆和混凝土

波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)

Portland cement

硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement

火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement

白水泥 white cement

水泥砂浆 cement mortar

石灰砂浆 lime mortar

水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar

保温砂浆 thermal mortar

防水砂浆 water-proof mortar

耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar

耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar

沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar

纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar

麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar

灰缝 mortar joint

素混凝土 plain concrete

钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete

轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete

细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete

沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete

泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete

炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete

Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料

水刷石 granitic plaster

斩假石 artificial stone

刷浆 lime wash

可赛银 casein

大白浆 white wash

麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base

喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash

分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned

板条抹灰 lath and plaster Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉

沥青卷材 asphalt felt

沥青填料 asphalt filler

沥青胶泥 asphalt grout

冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer

沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic

沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum

石棉板 asbestos sheet

石棉纤维 asbestos fiber

Timber 木材

裂缝 crack

透裂 split

环裂 shake

干缩 shrinkage

翘曲 warping

原木 log

圆木 round timber

方木 square timber

板材 plank

木条 batten

板条 lath

木板 board

红松 red pine

白松 white pine

落叶松 deciduous pine

云杉 spruce

柏木 cypress

白杨 white poplar

桦木 birch

冷杉 fir

栎木 oak

榴木 willow

榆木 elm

杉木 cedar

柚木 teak

樟木 camphor wood

防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber

胶合板 plywood

三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood

企口板 tongued and grooved board

层夹板 laminated plank

胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber

纤维板 fiber-board

竹子 bamboo

Metallic Materials 金属材料

黑色金属 ferrous metal

圆钢 steelbBar

方钢 square steel

扁钢 steel atrap

型钢 steel section (shape)

槽钢 channel

角钢 angle steel

等边角钢 equal-leg angle

不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle

工字钢 I-beam

宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam

丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)

冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape

热轧 hot-rolled

冷轧 cold-rolled

冷拉 cold-drawn

冷压 cold-pressed

合金钢 alloy steel

钛合金 titanium alloy

不锈钢 stainless steel

竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar

变形钢筋 deformed bar

光圆钢筋 plain round bar

钢板 steel plate

薄钢板 thin steel plate

低碳钢 low carbon steel

冷弯 cold bending

钢管 steel pipe (tube)

无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe

焊接钢管 welded steel pipe

黑铁管 iron pipe

镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe

铸铁 cast iron

生铁 pig iron

熟铁 wrought iron

镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet

镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire

钢丝网 steel wire mesh

多孔金属网 expanded metal

锰钢 managanese steel

高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel

Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属

金 gold

白金 platinum

铜 copper

黄铜 brass

青铜 bronze

银 silver

铝 aluminum

铅 lead

Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料

聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene

尼龙 nylon

聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride)

聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate

聚苯乙烯 polystyrene

丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin

乙烯基酯 vinyl ester

橡胶内衬 rubber lining

氯丁橡胶 neoprene

沥青漆 bitumen paint

环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint

氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer

防锈漆 anti-rust paint

耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint

耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint

水玻璃 sodium silicate

树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar

环氧树脂 epoxy resin

Building Hardware 建筑五金

钉子 nails

螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail

环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail

螺丝 screws

平头螺丝 flat-head screw

螺栓 bolt

普通螺栓 commercial bolt

高强螺栓 high strength bolt

预埋螺栓 insert bolt

胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt

垫片 washer

• Paint 油漆

底漆 primer

防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer

防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint

调和漆 mixed paint

无光漆 flat paint

透明漆 varnish

银粉漆 aluminum paint

磁漆 enamel paint

干性油 drying oil

稀释剂 thinner

焦油 tar

沥青漆 asphalt paint

桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil

红丹 red lead

铅油 lead oil

腻子 putty

k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语

• Discipline 专业

建筑 architecture

土木 civil

给排水 water supply and drainage

总图 plot plan

采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning) 电力供应 electric power supply

电气照明 electric lighting

电讯 telecommunication

仪表 instrument

热力供应 heat power supply

动力 mechanical power

工艺 process technology

管道 piping

• Conventional Terms 一般通用名词

建筑原理 architectonics 建筑形式 architectural style

民用建筑 civil architecture

城市建筑 urban architecture

农村建筑 rural architecture

农业建筑 farm building

工业建筑 industrial building

重工业的 heavy industrial

轻工业的 light industrial

古代建筑 ancient architecture

现代建筑 modern architecture

标准化建筑 standardized buildings

附属建筑 auxiliary buildings

城市规划 city planning

厂区内 within site

厂区外 offsite

封闭式 closed type

开敞式 open type

半开敞式 semi-open type

模数制 modular system

单位造价 unit cost

概算 preliminary estimate

承包商 constructor, contractor

现场 site

扩建 extension

改建 reconstruction

防火 fire-prevention

防震 aseismatic, quake-proof

防腐 anti-corrosion

防潮 dump-proof

防水 water-proof

防尘 dust-proof

防锈 rust-proof

车流量 traffic volume

货流量 freight traffic volume

人流量 pedestrian volume

透视图 perspective drawing

建筑模型 building model • Architectural Physics 建筑物理

照明 illumination

照度 degree of illumination

亮度 brightness

日照 sunshine

天然采光 natural lighting

光强 light intensity

侧光 side light

顶光 top light

眩光 glaze

方位角 azimuth

辐射 radiation

对流 convection

传导 conduction

遮阳 sun-shade

保温 thermal insulation

恒温 constant temperature

恒湿 constant humidity

噪音 noise

隔音 sound-proof

吸音 sound absorption

露点 dew point

隔汽vapor-proof Name Of Professional role 职务名称

项目经理 project manager (PM) 设计经理 design manager

首席建筑师 principal architect

总工程师 chief engineer

土木工程师 civil engineer

工艺工程师 process engineer

电气工程师 electrical engineer

机械工程师 mechanical engineer

计划工程师 planning engineer

助理工程师 assistant engineer

实习生 probationer

专家 specialist, expert

制图员 draftsman

技术员 technician

作者：周式微回复日期：2005-12-15 17:02:00

• Drafting 制图

总说明 general specification 工程说明 project specification

采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted

图纸目录 list of drawings

平面图 plan

局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale

．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of...

．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of...

留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes

剖面 section

纵剖面 longitudinal section

横剖面 cross (transverse) section

立面 elevation

正立面 front elevation

透视图 perspective drawing

侧立面 side elevation

背立面 back elevation

详图 detail drawings

典型节点 typical detail

节点号 detail No.

首页 front page

图纸目录及说明list of contents and description

图例 legend

示意图 diagram

草图 sketch

荷载简图 load diagram

流程示意图 flow diagram

标准图 standard drawing

．．．布置图 layout of ...

地形图 topographical map

土方工程图 earth-work drawing

展开图 developed drawing

模板图 formwork drawing

配筋 arrangement of reinforcement

表格 tables

工程进度表 working schedule

技术经济指标technical and economical index

建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures

编号 coding

序列号 serial No.

行和栏 rows and columns

备注 remarks

等级 grade

直线 straight Line

曲线 curves

曲折线 zigzag line

虚线 dotted line

实线 solid line

影线 hatching line

点划线 dot and dash line

轴线 axis

等高线 contour Line

中心线 center Line

双曲线 hyperbola

抛物线 parabola

切线 tangent Line

尺寸线 dimension Line

园形 round

环形 annular

方形 square

矩形 rectangle

平行四边形 parallelogram

三角形 triangle

五角形 pentagon

六角形 hexagon

八角形 octagon

梯形 trapezoid

圆圈 circle

弓形 sagment

扇形 sector

球形的 spherical

抛物面 paraboloid

圆锥形 cone

椭圆形 ellipse, oblong

面积 area

体积 volume

容量 capacity

重量 weight

质量 mass

力 force

米 meter

厘米 centimeter

毫米 millimeter

公顷 hectate

牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter 千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot

英寸 inch

磅 pound

吨 ton

加仑 gallon

千磅 kip

平均尺寸 average dimension

变尺寸 variable dimension

外形尺寸 overall dimension

展开尺寸 developed dimension

内径 inside diameter

外径 outside diameter

净重 net weight

毛重 gross weight

数量 quantity

百分比 percentage

净空 clearance

净高 headroom

净距 clear distance

净跨 clear span

截面尺寸 sectional dimension

开间 bay

进深 depth

单跨 single span

双跨 double span

多跨 multi-span

标高 elevation, level

绝对标高 absolute elevation

设计标高 designed elevation

室外地面标高 ground elevation

室内地面标高 floor elevation

柱网 column grid

坐标 coordinate

厂区占地 site area

使用面积 usable area

辅助面积 service area

通道面积 passage area

管架 pipe rack

管廊 pipeline gallery

架空管线 overhead pipeline

排水沟 drain ditch

集水坑 sump pit

喷泉 fountain

地漏 floor drain

消火栓 fire hydrant

灭火器 fire extinguisher

二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher

卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher

作者：周式微回复日期：2005-12-15 17:03:00

不知道有没有人用得着这个，还有好多下次再发

好讨厌的30秒和四千字

2. STRUCTURE 结构专业

a. Load 荷载

拔力 pulling force

标准值 standard value

残余应力 residual stress

冲击荷载 impact load, punch load

残余变形 residual deflection

承压 bearing

承载能力 bearing capacity

承重 bearing, load bearing

承重结构 bearing structure

脆性材料 brittle material

脆性破坏 brittle failure

抵抗力 resisting power, resistance

吊车荷载 crane load

分布荷载 distributed load

风荷载 wind load

风速 wind velocity, wind speed

风压 wind pressure

风振 wind vibration

浮力 buoyance, floatage

符号 symbol, mark

负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment

附加荷载 additional load

附加应力 additional stress

副作用 side effect, by-effect

刚度 rigidity

刚度比 ratio of rigidity

刚度系数 rigidity factor

刚接 rigid connection

刚性节点 rigid joint

恒载 dead load

荷载传递 transmission of load

固端弯矩 fixed-end moment

活荷载 live load

积灰荷载 dust load

集中荷载 concentrated load

加载, 加荷 loading

剪力 shear, shearing force

剪切破坏 shear failure

剪应变 shear strain

剪应力 shear stress

简支 simple support

静定结构statically determinate structure

截面模量 modulus of section,

section modulus

静力 static force

静力分析 static analysis

局部压力 local pressure, partial pressure

局部压屈 local bulkling

绝对值 absolute value

均布荷载uniformly distributed load

抗拔力 pulling resistance

抗剪刚度 shear rigidity

抗剪强度shear strength, shearing strength

抗拉强度 tensile strength

抗扭 torsion resistance

抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity

抗弯 bending resistance

抗弯刚度 bending rigidity

抗压强度 compressive strength,

compression strength

可靠性 reliability

可靠性设计 reliability design

拉力 tensile force

拉应力tensile stress, tension stress

拉应变tensile strain, tension strain

临界点 critical point

临界荷载 critical load

临界应力 critical stress

密度 density

离心力 centrifugal force

摩擦力 friction force

摩擦系数 frictional factor

挠度 deflection

内力 internal force, inner force

扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment

疲劳强度 fatigue strength

偏心荷载 eccentric load, non-central

load

偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity

偏心受拉 eccentric tension

偏心受压 eccentric compression

屈服强度 yield strength

使用荷载 working load

水平力 horizontal force

水平推力 horizontal thrust

弹塑性变形elastoplastic deformation

弹性elasticity, resilience, spring

塑限 plastic limit

弹性变形 elastic deformation

塑性变形 plastic deformation

弹性模量 modulus of elastic,

elastic modulus

体积 volume, bulk, cubature, cubage

土压力earth pressure, soil pressure

弯矩 bending moment, moment

弯曲半径 radius at bent, radius of curve

位移 displacement

温度应力 temperature stress

温度作用 temperature action

系数 coefficient, factor

雪荷载 snow load

压应变 compression strain

压应力 compression stress

应力集中 concentration of stress 预应力prestressing force, prestress

振动荷载 vibrating load, racking load

支座反力 support reaction

自重 own weight

作用 action, effect

作用点point of application,application joint

b. Ground Base and Foundation

地基及基础

板桩 sheet pile, sheeting pile

板桩基础 sheet pile foundation

饱和粘土 saturation clay

冰冻线 frost line, freezing level

不均匀沉降

unequal settlement, differential settlement

残积土 residual soil

沉积物 deposit, sediment

沉降 settlement

沉降差 difference in settlement

沉降缝 settlement joint

沉井 sinking well, sunk well

沉箱 caisson

持力层 bearing stratum

冲积 alluviation

锤夯 hammer tamping

档土墙 retaining wall, breast wall

底板base slab, base plate, bed plate

地板 floor board

地基 ground base, ground

地基承载力 ground bearing capacity 地基处理ground treatment, soil treatment

地基稳定 base stabilization

地梁 ground beam, ground sill

地漏 floor drain

地下工程 substructure work,

understructure work

地下室 basement, cellar

地下水 ground water

地下水位 groundwater level, water table

地下水压力 ground water pressure

地质报告 geologic report

垫层 bedding, blinding

独立基础

isolated foundation, individual foundation

端承桩 end-bearing pile

筏式基础 raft foundation

粉砂 silt, rock flour

粉质粘土 silty clay

粉质土 silty soil

扶壁式档土墙 buttressed retaining wall

腐蚀 corrosion

覆土 earth covering

刚性基础 rigid foundation

沟盖板 trench cover

固结 consolidation

灌注桩 cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile

护坡 slope protection, revetment

护桩 guard pile

环墙 ring wall

灰土 lime earth

回填 backfill, backfilling

回填土 backfill, backfill soil

混凝土找平层 concrete screed

火山灰水泥 trass cement

基槽 foundation trench

基础 foundation, base

基础底板 foundation slab

基础埋深embedded depth of foundation

基础平面图 foundation plan

地基勘探site exploration, site investigation

基坑 foundation pit

集水坑 collecting sump

阶形基础 stepped foundation

结合层binding course, bonding course

井点 well point

井点排水 well point unwatering

开挖 excavation, cutting

勘测 exploration and survey

勘测资料 exploration data

沥青 bitumen, asphalt, pitch

联合基础 combined foundation

卵石 cobble, pebble

埋置 embedment

毛石基础 rubble foundation

锚筋 anchor bar

锚桩 anchor pile

密实度compactness, density, denseness

摩擦桩 friction pile, floating pile

粘土 clay

粘质粉土 clay silt

碾压 roller compaction, rolling

排水 drainage, dewatering

排水沟 drainage ditch

排水孔 weep hole, drain hole

排水设备 dewatering equipment

普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement

群桩 grouped piles

容许沉降 permissible settlement

容许承载力 allowable bearing

软土 soft soil

砂垫层sand bedding course, sand cushion

砂土 sandy soil, sands

砂质粉土 sandy silt

设备基础 equipment foundation

水泥搅拌桩 cement injection

素土夯实 rammed earth, packed soil 作者：周式微回复日期：2005-12-16 8:42:00

碎石桩 stone columns

弹性地基 elastic foundation

弹性地基梁beam on elastic foundation

填方 fill, filling

填土earth-fill, earth filling, filling

条形基础 strip foundation

土方工程 earthwork

挖方 excavation work, excavation

箱形基础 box foundation

压实 compaction, compacting

压实系数 compacting factor

验槽 check of foundation subsoil

预制混凝土桩 precast concrete pile

中砂 medium sand

重力式档土墙gravity retaining wall

桩承台 pile cap

钻孔桩 bored pile

钻探exploration drilling,

drilling,

最终沉降 final settlement

c.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构

板缝 slab joint

板厚 thickness of slab

板式楼梯 cranked slab stairs

板跨度 span of slab

薄壁结构 thin-walled structure

薄腹梁 thin wedded girder

保护层 protective coating

臂式吊车 boom crane, boom hoist

边梁 edge beam, boundary beam

变截面 variable cross-section

变形缝 movement joint

变形钢筋 deformed bar

初凝 initial setting, pre-setting

次梁 secondary beam

大型屋面板 precast ribbed roof slab

单层厂房 one-storied factory

单筋梁beam with single reinforcement

单跨 single span

单向板 one-way slab

垫块 cushion block

垫梁 template beam

吊车梁 crane beam, crane girder

顶棚抹灰 ceiling plastering

端跨 end span, tail bay

多跨连续梁 multi-span beam

翻边 upstand

反梁 upstand beam

分布钢筋 distribution-bar

封闭式箍筋 closed stirrup

附加钢筋 additional bar

刚架 rigid frame, stiff frame

钢筋 reinforcement, steel bar, bar

钢筋表 Bar Schedules

钢筋笼 steel reinforcement cage

钢筋间距spacing of bars, bar spacing

钢筋网 bar-mat reinforcement,

mesh reinforcement

钢筋砖 reinforced brick

勾缝 joint pointing

构架 frame, gallows

构件 member, structural member

构造 construction

构造钢筋constructional reinforcement

构造柱 onstructional column, tie column

构筑物 structure

箍筋 hoop reinforcement, hooping

箍筋间距 stirrup spacing

固定端 fixed end, retained end

固端梁 fixed-end beam, fixed beam

过梁 lintel, breast summer

混凝土强度等级 grade of concrete

机制砖 machine-made brick

剪力墙 shear wall

简支梁 simply supported beam

经济跨度 economic span

经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement

劲性钢筋 stiff reinforcement

劲性钢筋混凝土结构

steel composite construction

径向钢筋 radial reinforcement

抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement

抗拉钢筋 tension reinforcement

受压钢筋 compression reinforcement

可见裂缝 visible crack

刻痕钢丝 indented steel wire

坑 pit, hollow, delve

空斗墙 rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall

空心板 hollow slab

空心砖隔墙 hollow tile partition

跨度 span

框架 frame

框架剪力墙结构 frame-shear wall structure

拉接钢筋 tie bar

栏杆 railing, banister

栏杆立柱 railing post

老化 aging

累积误差 accumulated error

肋形楼板 ribbed floor slab

冷拔低碳钢丝 cold-drawn low-carbon wire

冷脆性cold shortness, cooling brittleness

冷弯 cold bending

冷轧 cold rolling

离析 segregation

梁垫 beam pad, template, pad

梁挠度 beam deflection

楼梯斜梁 string, stringer

螺旋楼梯spiral stair, winding staircase

马鞍形壳 saddle shell

锚固 anchoring

门框, 门樘 door frame

门式刚架 portal frame

面砖, 墙面砖 facing tile, wall tile

耐火混凝土 fire-resisting concrete

排架 bent, bent frame

女儿墙 parapet wall, parapet

配筋率 reinforcement ratio

配箍率 stirrup ratio

砌块 block

圈梁 ring beam, tie beam, bond beam 作者：周式微回复日期：2005-12-16 8:49:00

山墙 gable

深梁 deep beam

伸缩缝 expansion joint

实腹梁 solid web girder

实腹柱 solid web column

竖向钢筋 vertical reinforcement

双向配筋 two-way reinforcement

素混凝土 plain concrete

筒中筒结构 tube-in-tube structure

网状钢筋 steel mesh reinforcement

围堰 cofferdam, coffer

无梁楼盖 flat slab, flat plate系梁tie beam

预应力钢筋混凝土

prestressed reinforced concrete

预应力构件 prestressed component

预制 prefabrication

预制板 precast slab

预制构件 prefabrication component

预制装配式结构prefabricated construction

折板 folded plate, folded slab

折板结构 folded-plate structure

主筋 main reinforcement, main bar

主梁 main beam, girder

柱距 column spacing, post spacing

装配式结构 fabricated structure

纵梁 longitudinal beam

纵剖面 longitudinal section

纵向钢筋 longitudinal bar

d. Steel Structure 钢结构

薄壁型钢light-gauge steel section,

hollow steel section

不等肢角钢 unequal angle steel

槽钢 channel, channel steel

背对背角钢组合 angles back to back

不锈钢 stainless steel

除锈 rust-removal

粗制螺栓 rough bolt, black bolt

带钢 strip steel, band iron

单面焊single weld, one-side welding

地脚螺栓 foundation bolt, anchor bolt,

holding down bolt

点焊 spot welding, point welding

电动葫芦 electric hoist

等边角钢equal angle, equal leg angle

对接焊, 对焊 butt welding

腹板 web plate, web

腹杆 web member

腹板加劲件 web stiffener

杆 rod, bar

钢板 steel plate

钢管 steel tube, steel pipe

钢桁架 steel truss

钢框架 steel frame

钢梯, 爬梯 steel ladder

高强度螺栓 high strength bolt

格构柱 lattice column

工字梁 I-girder, I-beam

工字钢 I-steel

工字形截面 I-shaped cross-section

焊缝 welding seam

焊接 welding

焊接长度 weld length

焊条 welding rod

桁架 truss

红丹底漆 red lead primer

红丹漆 red lead paint

加劲肋stiffening rib, rib stiffener

加劲板 stiffening plate

角钢 angle steel

节点 joint, node

节点板 gusset plate, gusset

节点位移 joint displacement

节间长度 panel length

紧固螺栓 clamp bolt, fastening bolt

精制螺栓 turned bolt

可焊性 weldability

空腹桁架 open-web truss

空间桁架 space truss

肋板 ribbed panel, ribbed slab

连接板connecting plate, joint plate

檩条 purline

螺母 screw nut, nut

螺栓 bolt

螺栓孔 bolt hole

螺纹 screw thread, thread

螺纹长度 length of thread

螺纹钢 screw-threaded steel, twisted steel

拉杆 tie rod, tension rod

满焊 full weld

铆钉 rivet

锰钢 manganese steel

喷砂 sand blasting

轻钢结构lightweight steel construction

三角架 tripod

上弦 top chord, upper chord

上弦横向水平支撑upper lateral bracing

作者：周式微回复日期：2005-12-16 8:52:00

上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing

平面桁架 plane truss

实腹刚架 solid web rigid frame

塔架 pylon bent

特种钢 special steel

调和漆 mixed paint

贴角焊 fillet weld, fillet welding

托架 bracket

网架结构 grid structure

屋架 roof truss, principal

无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe

系杆 tie rod, tie bar, tie

下弦 bottom chord, lower chord

下弦横向水平支撑bottom lateral bracing

斜撑diagonal brace, diagonal bracing

型钢 section steel, shaped steel

悬索 suspended cable, suspension cable

压力焊 pressure welding

仰焊overhead welding, inverted welding

翼缘 flange

翼缘板 flange plate, cover plate

轧制型钢 rolled steel section

支撑 bracing, strutting

铸铁管 cast iron pipe

组合槽钢 built-up channel

组合截面built-up section,compound section

自动焊接 automatic welding

e. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计

鞭梢效应 whipping effect

场地类别 site classification

场地土 site soil

单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system

底部剪力法 equivalent base shear

method

地震 earthquake, seism

地震烈度 earthquake intensity, seismic intensity

地震烈度区划图map of seismic intensity zoning

地震影响系数seismic influence coefficient

地震作用 earthquake action

多自由度体系multi-degree of freedom system

反应谱 response spectrum

抗震 earthquake resistance

抗震缝seismic joint, aseismic joint

抗震构造 aseismic construction

抗震设防 earthquake fortification

抗震设计 seismic design

共振 resonance

基本周期 foundamental period

里氏震级 Richter magnitude

烈度 intensity

设计近震 design near earthquake

设计远震 design far earthquake

时程分析法 time history method

液化 liquefaction

振型 vibration mode

振型分解法 modal analysis method

震源 earthquake focus

震中 earthquake epicenter

自由度 degree of freedom

自振周期natural period of vibration

f. General Words for Design

设计常用词汇

安装 installation, erection

报价 offer, quoted price

报价单 quotation

壁柱 pilaster, mural column

变更alteration, variation, modification

变形 deformation

标高 elevation, level

标准 standard, criterion

标准大样 standard detail

标准图 standard drawing

补充规定 additional regulations

补充说明 additional remarks

补充条件 supplementary conditions

不对称 asymmetry

布置 arrangement, layout

布置图 layout plan, layout

材料 material

材料表 bill of materials

材料强度 strength of materials

参见详图referring to detail drawing

参考点 reference point

参数 parameter

操作平台 operating platform

草图 sketch, draft, rough drawing

侧向刚度 lateral rigidity

侧向稳定 lateral stability

侧向约束 lateral restraint

侧向支撑lateral bracing, side bracing

拆除 demolition, removal

长细比 slenderness ratio

厂房factory building, mill building

超静定 statical indetermination

承包 contract

承包商 contractor

等效截面 equivalent section

底标高 bottom elevation

电梯 lift, elevator, electric lift 电梯井 elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft

电梯机房 elevator machine room

方案 scheme, plan, programme

方案设计 schematic plan

方案图 schematic drawing

防爆explosion protection,explosion-proofing

防潮层 damp-proof course

防冻freezing prevention, frost protection

防冻剂 antifreeze compound

防腐 preservation

防腐剂 preservative, preservative agent

防滑 slip-resistance

防滑处理 deslicking treatment

作者：周式微回复日期：2005-12-16 8:54:00

防滑条 non-slip insert

防火 fire prevention, fire proofing

防火材料 fireproof material

防火分区 fire compartment

防水 waterproofing

防水材料 waterproof material

防水砂浆 waterproof mortar

防酸 acid proofing

方形 square

防锈 rust prevention

防锈剂 anti-rust agent

防振 vibration protection

分配系数 distribution coefficient

风化 weathering, efflorescence

风向 wind direction

附图 attached drawing

附注 note, annotation

高层建筑 high-rise building

高差 difference in elevation

高跨比 ratio of rise to span

高宽比 depth-width ratio

高耸结构 high-rise structure

隔断 partition, divider

工程 project, engineering

工程量 quantities

工程量表 bill of quantities

工业厂房industrial factory building

工业建筑 industrial architecture

公称直径 nominal diameter

公式 formula

公司 company, corporation

拱 arch

共振resonance, sympathetic vibration

管架 pipe rack

规范 regulation, code

规格 specifications, standards

规模 scale, scope

国家规范 national regulation

国家标准 national standards

合同 contract

横向变形 transverse deformation

横向刚度 lateral rigidity

化工厂 chemical plant

货梯 freight elevator, goods lift

极限承载能力ultimate bearing capacity

纪要 summary

计算书 calculation sheet

技术资料 technical data

剪刀撑, 交叉撑X-brace, cross brace

简图 sketch, diagram

简支梁 simple beam

交叉 intersection, crossing

交点 intersection point

铰接hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection

结构变形 structural deformation

结构图 structural drawing

结构形式 structural style

结构稳定性 structural stability

结论 conclusion, verdict

截面 section

界限 limits, bounds, demarcation line

紧急出口 emergency exit

精确度accuracy, precision, excatitude,

局部破坏local failure, partial failure

矩形 rectangular

抗冻 frost resisting

抗风柱 wind resistance column

立面 elevation, facade

粒径 particle diameter

连续梁 continuous beam

两铰拱 two-hinged arch

裂缝 rift, crack, crevice

楼梯 stair

楼梯间 staircase

楼梯扶手 stair rail

楼梯净空 stair headroom

楼梯平台, 休息平台 landing, pace, stair landing

楼梯坡度 pitch of stair, slope of stair

楼梯踏步 stair step

铝合金 aluminum alloy

铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window

民用建筑 civil architecture

摩擦 friction

耐火等级 fire resistance rating

作者：周式微回复日期：2005-12-16 8:55:00

耐久性 durability, endurance

爬梯 cat ladder

疲劳破坏 fatigue failure

频率 frequency

平面布置 plan layout

平台 terrace, platform, deck

平台栏杆 platform railing

剖面 section

剖面图 sectional drawing

侵蚀 corrosion, erosion

倾覆 overturning, toppling

人孔 manhole

容许误差 allowable error, permissible error

容许值 permissible value, allowable value

晒图 blueprinting

上部结构 superstructure

设计要求 design requirements

设计资料 design data

伸缩缝 expansion joint

室外楼梯 exterior stair, outside stairway

双向板 two-way slab

水平撑 horizontal brace

踏步 step

踏步板 tread

弹簧 spring

填充材料 filling material

填充墙 filler wall

挑板 cantilever slab

挑檐projecting eaves, overhang eaves

停车场 car park, parking lot

通用构件 standard member

通用图 standard drawing

通用详图 standard detail

统一标准 unified standards

统一构件 unified structure element

投标 bid, tender

招标 bidding

图集collective drawings, collection of drawings

图签 title block

温差 temperature difference

稳定性 stability, steadiness

污水处理 sewage disposal, sewage treatment

先张法预应力pretensioned prestressing

现行标准currently effective standards

详图, 大样 detail drawing, detail

橡胶止水带 rubber waterstop

消防 firefighting, fire protection

斜率 slope

卸荷 unloading

卸货平台discharging platform, unloading platform

悬臂 cantilever

悬臂板 cantilever slab

悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam

悬挂 hanging suspension

压缩机 compressor

压缩模量 modulus of compression

延性 ductility, ductileness

业主 client, owner

一览表 table, schedule, list

有效截面 effective section

预应力损失loss of prestress, prestressing loss

圆形 circular shape, round

圆柱 circular column, round column

约束confinement, restraint, constraint

约束条件 constrain condition

展开图 developed drawing

栈桥 landing stage, loading bridge

罩棚 awning

折减系数 reduction factor

折算高度 reduced height

支座 support, pedestal

直爬梯 vertical ladder

止水带 water stop

中和轴 neutral axis

重心 center of gravity

周期 period, cycle

转弯半径 turning radius

转动惯量 rotational inertia

装卸平台loading and unloading platform

g. General Words for Construction

施工常用词汇

拌和料 mixture

标准级配 standard grading

补强 strengthening, stiffening

测量 survey, measurement

拆模 form removal

尺寸 dimension, size

抄平 leveling

处理 treatment

搭接 lap joint, lapping, overlap joint

搭接长度 splicing length

打底 bedding, priming

打夯, 夯实 ramming, tamping

打桩 pile driving, piling, driving

粗砂 coarse sand

捣实 rodding, tamping

地质勘测 geological exploration, geological survey

吊装 hoisting

定位 locating, positioning

堆料区 stacking area

洞口 opening

放大 enlargement, amplification

放线 setting out

放样 lofting, setting out

分层夯实 compaction in layers

分层回填 back-filling in layers

蜂窝麻面 voids and pits

改建 reconstruction, alteration

改造 transformation, remodeling

钢模 steel mould

钢套管 steel thimble, steel sleeve

工厂预制构件factory-made component

骨料, 集料 aggregate

骨料级配 gradation of aggregate

骨料粒径 aggregate size

贯入度 penetration

灌浆 grouting, grout jection

和易性 workability

后张法 post-tensioning method

含水量water content, moisture content

混凝土剥落 scaling of concrete

混凝土外加剂 concrete additive, concrete agent

混凝土浇筑 pouring of concrete

级配 gradation, grading

加固reinforcement, strengthening

加腋 haunching

间距 spacing, pit

建设 building, construction

建筑安装工程construction and installation work

建筑材料 building materials

建筑结构 building structure

建筑设计院 architecture design institute

建筑施工 building construction

检修人孔 inspection manhole

浇筑pouring, placing, depositing

脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding

结构标高 structural elevation

进度估计 progress estimate

净高 clear height