2014北京市丰台区高三(一模)历史

2014北京市丰台区高三(一模)历史
2014北京市丰台区高三(一模)历史

2014北京市丰台区高三(一模)历史

12. 学者钱穆在《国史大纲》中论及中国古代某朝官制时指出“□□掌握定旨出命,□□给事中(官职名称)掌封驳(封还皇帝失宜诏令,驳正臣下奏章违误),□□受而行之”。“□□”处的文字应该是

A. 丞相

B. 中书

C. 尚书

D. 内阁

13. 汉武帝元狩五年规定“敢私铸铁器卖盐,钛左趾(在左脚趾挂上6斤重的铁钳),没入其器物。”这项政策有利于

①加强中央集权②促进商业发展③增强国家财力④稳定市场物价

A. ①②

B. ①②③ c. ①③④ D. ①②③④

14. 读图8,判断下列各项表述正确的是

图8

A. 秦国在①修建了防洪灌溉工程

B. 唐朝江南货物可由③漕运至②

C. 洋务派在⑤创建近代军事工业

D. 中国最早的民资企业在④诞生

15. 19世纪70年代,上海有人写了一首《咏火轮车》的竹枝词:“轮随铁路与周旋,飞往吴淞客亦仙。他省不知

机器巧,艳传陆地可行船。”这首竹枝词不能反映

....的是

A. 新旧交替时期的认知

B. 上海人的自豪感

C. 近代交通工具的快捷

D. 交通运输业发达

16. 下列各项中符合维新派“宪政”思想的是

A. “君权与民权合,则情易通;议法与行法分,则事易就”

B. “以中国伦常名教为原本,辅以诸国富强之术”

C. “西人以商为战,欲制西人以自强,莫如振兴商务”

D. “今者由平民革命以建国民政府,凡为国民皆平等以有参政权”

17. 图9为“中国近代产业工人人数变化统计资料”。从该资料中得出的正确结论是

图9

A. 经济领域近代化不断发展

B. 半殖民地化程度逐步深化

C. 民族资本主义发展到顶峰

D. 无产阶级登上了历史舞台

18. 图10是民国时期“首都各界抗敌后援会”张贴的一幅宣传海报。下列与该海报相关的历史事件是

图10

A. 北伐战争

B. 九一八事变

C. 卢沟桥事变

D. 辽沈战役

19. 1952年3月,丰台区黄土岗村的殷维臣组建了北京市第一个农业生产合作社,当年取得土豆平均亩产4300斤的成绩(当时这一带年景好时土豆亩产最多2000斤)。这一成绩

的取得是由于

A. 贫苦农民分得属于自己的土地

B. 农业机械化提高了劳动生产力

C. 分户经营调动了农民的积极性

D. 集体经营整合了农业生产资源

20. 马丁·路德提出“履行世俗内的义务是讨神喜欢的唯一之道,此一道路且唯独此道为神之所愿,也因此,任

何正当的职业在神之前绝对具有同等的价值”。这一主张

①有利于新兴资本主义发展②体现了“因信称义”的思想

③有利于提高君主权威④体现了追求现世幸福的思想

A. ①②③

B. ②③④

C. ①②④

D. ①③④

21. 下表选项中,材料与结论之间逻辑关系正确的是

材料结论

A 1689年英国议会规定“凡未经议会同意,以国王权威停止法律或停止法律

实施之僭越权力,为非法权力”英国国王已处于“统而不治”的地位

B 18世纪后期,康德指出“(人)所以存在,是由于自身是个目的,并不是

只供这个或那个意志任意利用的工具”康德的主张蕴含了人人平等的思想

C 1875~1940年,英国更换过20届政府,美国换过14届政府,而法国更换

过102届政府法国共和派与君主派斗争激烈,交替上台

D 1913年俄国粮食产量为39.79亿普特,1925年苏联粮食产量达到44.24

亿普特苏联国民经济已超过一战前的水平

22. 图11是某个历史时期欧洲部分地区地图,下列历史事件发生于这一时期的是

图11

A. 德意志帝国成立

B. 巴黎和会召开

C. 欧共体成立

D. 苏联解体

23. 在人类社会发展过程中,思想解放运动推动社会进步。下列史实符合这一观点的是

①新航路开辟②美利坚合众国诞生

③“东方红一号”发射成功④香港、澳门回归

A. ①②③

B. ②③④

C. ①③④

D. ①②④

37. (32分)交往是古今中外人类社会生活的重要组成部分。阅读材料,回答下列问题。

材料一

老(尊敬)吾老以及人之老,幼(爱护)吾幼以及人之幼。

——《孟子·梁惠王上》虽(即使)有贤君,不爱无功之臣;虽有慈父,不爱无益之子。

——《墨子·亲士》(1)依据材料一,指出孟子与墨子人际交往原则的不同点。结合所学知识,分析形成二者不同主张的原因。(8分)

材料二

晚清外交机构表

机构名称设立时间机构职能

南洋大臣1844年由两广总督兼任,专管中国南部沿海通商口岸交涉、通商、海防等事务。

总理衙门1861年

清朝中央机构,掌管与外国有关系的一切事务,如签订条约、通商往来、修筑铁路、

修造轮船、购买外国机器、架设电线、派遣留学生、兴办新式学堂等等。

北洋大臣1870年

由直隶总督兼任,管理直隶(今河北)、山东、奉天(今辽宁)三省通商、洋务,办

理有关外交、海防、关税及官办军事工业等事宜。

外务部1901年清朝将总理衙门改为外务部。专门办理与列强的外交。“班列六部之前”。同时,陆续增设了商部、学部、实业部、铁路局、陆军部、海军部等机构来行使原总理衙门

的部分职权。

(2)阅读材料二,对晚清外交机构的发展演变划分阶段并说明理由。结合所学,阐述影响晚清外交机构变化

的历史因素。(10分)

材料三

1944年,主要资本主义国家的货币与美元挂钩,实行固定汇率制度,各国货币只有通过美元才能同黄金发生关

系。二战后到20世纪五十年代,美元在国际货币体系中一直保持相对强势的地位。1971年12月和1973年2月,美国尼克松政府两次宣布美元贬值,停止履行外国政府或中央银行可用美元向美国兑换黄金的义务。1973年3月,西欧出现抛售美元、抢购黄金和马克的风潮。3月16日,欧洲共同市场9国在巴黎举行会议并达成协议,联邦德国、法国等国家对美元实行“联合浮动”,彼此之间实行固定汇率。其他主要西方国家货币也实行了对美元的浮动汇率,

不再承担本国货币与美元固定汇率的义务。1980—1985年,美元进入升值期,此后到20世纪九十年代,美元在国

际经济交往中的强势地位逐步得到巩固。

(3)依据材料并结合所学,解读美元在国际经济交往中地位的发展演变。(14分)

要求:提取信息充分;总结和归纳准确、完整;解释和分析逻辑清晰。

39、全球环境变化给人类的生产和生活带来重大影响。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一

1850—1900年主要国家温室气体排放(MTCO2)

英国德国法国美国1850年122.7 15.2 19.6 19.8

1870年228.7 76.7 50.6 98.7

1890年353.3 208.4 97.9 402.1

1900年420.1 327.0 129.4 663.3

注:MTCO2指百万吨二氧化碳。

(1)依据材料一,指出主要国家温室气体排放呈现怎样的发展趋势。结合所学历史知识,分析该趋势说明了什么。(10分)

40. (26分)改革是社会发展的动力。中国共产党十八届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料二

《决定》指出,发展社会主义民主政治,必须以保证人民当家作主为根本,坚持人民主体地位,推进人民代表大会制度理论和实践创新,发挥人民代表大会制度的根本政治制度作用。

(2)请运用《国家和国际组织常识》相关知识,谈谈如何坚持和完善人民代表大会制度。(6分)

历史试题答案

题号12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

答案 B C C D A A B D A

21 22 23

B C D

37. (32分)

(1)(8分)

孟子的人际交往原则是仁爱,墨子的人际交往原则是功利。(2分)

客观原因:战国时期社会变革,旧有的伦理道德遭到破坏,不同的人从不同立场对人际交往提出各自的主张。

(2分)主观原因:孟子继承了孔子的“仁”的学说,坚持人性本善;(2分)墨子代表下层劳动者利益,注重客观

实际。(2分)

(2)(10分)

阶段和理由:

第一阶段:1901年以前,有一定的负责外交的机构,但没有专门化。(2分)

第二阶段:1901年后,成立专门的外交机构。(2分)

历史因素:列强侵华的需要;(2分)清朝维护统治的需要:(2分)中国社会发展的需要;(2分)

(3)(14分)

1944年至20世纪五六十年代,由于美国在资本主义世界中经济实力强大,在国际事务中居于主导地位,美元

在国际货币体系中居于中心地位,为美国维护在国际经济、政治事务中的霸主地位创造了条件。(3分)20世纪七十年代,由于美国和其他西方国际经济出现滞涨,西欧和日本崛起,美元在国际货币体系中的中心地位崩溃,削弱

了美国的经济霸主地位,有利于世界经济、政治多极化的发展。(4分)20世纪八十年代后,由于美国采取国家控

制与市场相结合等措施,经济恢复并出现繁荣,美国在经济全球化中居于优势,美元在国际经济交往中保持了强势

地位,为美国的经济发展及在国际事务中发挥作用提供了条件。(4分)

美元在经济交往中的强势地位经历了确立、削弱到巩固的发展历程,(1分)是美国经济、政治实力发展变化的反映,也是国际经济、政治秩序发展变化的反映。(2分)

39、(1)(10分)

总体呈增长趋势,美、德两国的增长速度超过英法。(4分)说明了工业革命以来,西方主要国家的工业化进程

加快,资本主义发展不平衡,环境问题日益突出。(6分)

40、(2)(6分)

坚持和改善党对国家事务的领导。(2分)坚定不移地实施依法治国的基本方略。(2分)加强人大的自身建设。(2分)

丰台区2017年度高三一模英语试题

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