高考英语复合句之状语从句精讲精析

高考英语复合句之状语从句精讲精析

状语

一、什么是状语？状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.

2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.

3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day

4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.

5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.

状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

二、什么是状语从句？

状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。

根据其作用状语从句可分为：

1.时间状语从句

2.地点状语从句

3.原因状语从句

4.条件状语从句

5.目的状语从句

6.让步状语从句

7.比较状语从句

8.方式状语从句

9.结果状语从句

三、状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.

If he comes back, please let me know.

第一节．时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard

No sooner had I arrived home, then it began to rain.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

表示“一……就……”

除as soon as外，还有三类：

名词型——the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；

副词型——immediately, directly, instantly；

句式型——no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…

The moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.

I came immediately you called. 你一给我打电话，我就马上来。

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家，就开始下雨。

【注意】

如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。

Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。

When, while, as(一边...一边...), after, before, as soon as, since, till /until, by the time(到。。。为止, 所在句子的主句应用完成时)

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

四、when, while和as的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有

时表示“就在那时”, when＝and then; at that moment。

When she came in, I stopped eating.

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

We were about to leave when he came in.

While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.

As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。

We always sing as we walk.

As we was going out, it began to snow.

before和after引导的时间状语从句

before的本意为“在……之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……，趁着还没……就……，不知不觉就……，……才……”等。

After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。

It will be four days before they come back.

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.

They had not been married four months before they were divorced.

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.

After we had finished the work, we went home.

五、till或until引导的时间状语从句

till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。

如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。

I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

六、由since引导的时间状语从句。

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。

I have been in Beijing since you left.

Where have you been since I last saw you?

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

第二节地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.

They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.

You should have put the book where you found it.

Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen.

第三节原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, for

特殊引导词：seeing that(由于，鉴于), now that(既然), in that, considering that(考虑到), given that(考虑到).

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

Now that everyb ody has come, let’s begin our conference.

Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. Seeing that youre already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside.

Considering hes only sixteen year old, he is not fit for the job.

Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.

because, since, as, for辨析

1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。

I didn’t go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

3) as和for的区别：

通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。

As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句）

I stay at home, for the weather is cold.

第四节目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that,

to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could

hear more clearly.

第五节．结果状语从句

常用引导词：so … that, such … that,

特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that,

to such a degree that,

(such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。) He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

第六节．条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless,

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时态、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时来替代。

Tell me in case you get into difficulty.

Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?

第七节．让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首)，no matter …，in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。

Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

注意：

a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.

（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.

（错）Prisoners have to eat n o matter what they’re given,

（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.

第八节．比较状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …，so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

Food is to men what oil is to machine.

no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)

not more than不如。。。(前者不如后者)

I have no more than two pens.

It’s no more than a mile to the shops.

Jack is not more diligent than John.

one of the 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)

Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.

第九节．方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, (just) as…so…, as if/though("正如…"，"就像")

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

She behaved as if she were the boss.

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

as if, as though

两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

状语从句的省略

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:

主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；

②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。

When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.

另外，比较状语从句经常省略。

I’m taller than he (is tall ).

The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).

状语从句的"省略"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:

①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;

②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;

③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;

④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;

⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。

下面针对这五种情形作归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。

If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.

You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:

a.连词形容词

As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.

Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.

Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.

b.连词名词

While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.

Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.

c.连词现在分词

As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.

Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.

d.连词过去分词

He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.

The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.

e.连词不定式

He stood up as if (he were) to say something.

He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.

f. 连词介词短语

She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.

He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.

注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。

When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.

状语从句

1 --- 5. DACBB 6 --10. BADDC 11 -- 15. BBDCD 16 --20. BBCCD 21 -- 25. CADDA 26 -- 30. BBDAA 31 --35. BACBC 36 --40. ADDDB 41 --45. DDBBB 46 --50. AADAD

引导目的状语从句讲解

一. 目的状语从句系统讲解

状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。在不同的语言中“状语”有不同的作用。

知识点1：引导目的状语从句的从属连词

【考查点】主要的有

in order that, so that, in case, for fear等：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些，以便他们能理解你。

He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。

Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上以防下雨。

【注】so that 引导目的状语从句时有时可省略so而只用that，有时也可只用so：

Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。

I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我将做给你看，以便你知道应怎样干。

知识点2：目的状语从句与状语短语的转换

为了简洁起见，当目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，目的状语从句有时可用表目的的不定式短语替换：

He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. / He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便赶上早班车。

He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. / He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来，以免把他妻子吵醒。

有时还可与表示目的的介词短语替换

He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. / He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小时离开，以免错过火车。

知识点3：注意 in case既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导条件状语从句，主要视句意而定：In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来，告诉我一声。

Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。

【注】

in case引导目的状语从句，从句有时可用“should 动词原形”这样的形式：

Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。

四、例题精析

【例题1】

I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car.

A. in case

B. even if

C. ever since

D. if only

【答案】 A

【解析】本题考查状语从句的连词。本题的解题关键是弄清“我带驾照”跟“租车之间”之间的逻辑关系，这样正确答案就很容易锁定了。度假时我带了驾照，以防我要租车。

【例题2】

Leave your key with your neighbor ___________ you lock yourself out one day.

A. as long as

B. even though

C. in case

D. as if

【答案】C

【解析】A项意为“只要”；B项意为“尽管”；C项意为“以防”；D项意为“好像”。根据句意：把你的钥匙留句子翻译：给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。

【例题3】

The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.

A. in case

B. as if

C. in order that

D. only if

【答案】C

【解析】考点考查状语从句。解析句意为：为了让我们大家过上

平安的日子，我市警察工作非常卖力

【例题4】My parents don’t mind what job I do _____ I am happy.

even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though

【答案】 C

【解析】根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句，引导词意思是：只要，选C。even though 引导让步状语从句，意思是：即使；as soon as引导时间状语从句，意思是：一……就……；as though引导方式状语从句，意思是：仿佛，好像。

小结

目的状语从句该知识点也是贯穿整个高中考试里面的一个的热点，在语法填空，短文改错当中会考查，同时状语从句在阅读理解里面也是大量出现，但是并不难理解，主要是把连接词要记忆清楚。

二. 引导目的状语从句的连词

引导目的状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：

in order that:

He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house. 他早早动身，以免孩子们单独待在家里。

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussion undisturbed. 我把门锁上，以便我们能不受干扰继续讨论。

I lent him $50 in order (so) that he might go for a holiday. 我借给他50美元，使他能去度假。so that:

Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them. 让她快点把信打好，以便我签字。Please interpret this Chinese woman's remarks so that I can understand them. 请翻译一下这个中国妇女的话以便我能听懂。

He looked down so that she should not see his eyes. 他低下头以免她看见他的眼睛。

so:

Can't you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? 难道你不能作某种安排以便能多待些日子？

Check carefully, so any mistakes could be caught. 仔细检查，以便找出所有的错误。

I'll give him a map so he won't get lost. 我会给他一张地图免得他迷路。

that:

She did it that he might go free. 她这样做以便他能获得自由。

I am anxious to get it done that I may be back in Ireland. 我急于完成此事以便我能返回爱尔兰。

I tell you this that you may not shrink from the responsibility. 我告诉你这个以便你不会回避责任。

lest:

He hurried on, lest she should meet him again. 他赶紧往前走，唯恐她再碰到他。

He was very cautious lest he should be discovered by his wife. 他小心翼翼，唯恐被他妻子发现。He did the money lest it should be stolen. 他把钱藏起来唯恐被人偷去。

还有一些其他这类从句：

She worried for fear that her son would be hurt. 她很担心怕儿子受到伤害。

She didn't dare to call me for fear they might hear us. 她不敢叫我，唯恐他们会听到我们的声音。

Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 带上厚衣服以防天冷。

I'll stay in the hotel in case there is news of Harry. 我将待在旅馆里以防有哈里的消息。

这里的for fear(that)，in case 都起连词的作用。

结果状语从句

一、引导结果状语从句的从属连词

主要的有

so that, so…that, such…that等：

1. He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他学习用功，所以考试通过了。

2. He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

3. He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。

【注】so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略：

1. I am so busy ( )I have no time to write a letter. 我很忙，连写信的时间都没有。

2. There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn’t go out. 雨那么大，我们没法出去。

二、so…that 与such…that 的用法比较

从用法上看，so后应接形容词或副词，而such后接名词(参见以上例句)。但有时“so 形容词”后还可接一个名词，且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)：

1. 正：He is so clever a child that we all like him. 这小孩很聪明，我们都喜欢他。

2. 正：They are such clever children that we all like them. 这些孩子很聪明，我们都很喜欢。?误：They are so clever children that we all like them.

此时的so…that结构可与such…that结构转换：

1. It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. 这电影很有趣，我们都想看。

?It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 这电影很有趣，我们都想看。

【注】在so...that/such...that句型中，在名词前是much, many, little, few 这四个词时，其前总是用so而不用such：

1. He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了许多跤，结果全身都是伤。

2. He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他赚的钱很少几乎不能养家糊口。

三、结果状语从句与不定式短语的转换

由so that和so…that引导的结果状语从句有时可与表结果的so as to和so…as to引出的不定式短语转换：

He arrived late so that he missed the train.

He arrived late so as to miss the train. 他到得很迟，结果未赶上火车。

He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes.

He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes. 他写得很仔细，所以没有出错。

四、so that引导目状语和结果状语的区别

(1)含义上的区别：so that引导目的状语从句时表示的是一种意愿或可能性，引导结果从句时表示的是一种事实。

(2) 形式上的区别：引导目的从句之前不用逗号(说话时也不停顿)，而so that引导结果从句之前则通常有逗号(说话时常有停顿)；有时引导结果状语从句时其前也可以没有逗号，此时可看从句中是否有can / could, may / might, will /would 以及should等情态动词，如果没有，则多半是结果从句。

比较：

We’ve come early so that the meeting can begin promptly. 我们来得很早，以便可以马上开会。(so that 引导目的状语从句)

We are all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了。(so that 引导结果状语从句)

I am going to the lecture early so that I’ll get a good seat. 我想早点去听演讲，以便找个好座位。(so that 引导目的状语从句)

I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早，所以找个好座位。(so that 引导结果状语从句)

另外，so that引导目的从句时有时可放在主句之前，而引导结果从句时却不能：

正：So that he could buy a new car, he saved a lot of money. 他节省了一大笔钱，以便能买辆新车。(引导目的状语从句)

误：So that I could hardly stand, I was tired.(引导结果状语从句不能置于句首，可改为I was tired so that I could hardly stand. 我很累，几乎站不稳了。)

五、so…that和such…that有时不引导结果状语句

so…that和such…that可以引导结果状语从句，但并不是说它们引导的从句就一定是结果状语。请看以下句子：

I’m so happy that you could visit us. 我很高兴你能来看望我们。(其中的so用于加强语气，相当于very)

It’s such a great pleasure that you are here. 你在这里是非常令人高兴的事。(其中的that引导的是主语从句，句首的it为形式主语)

方式状语从句

方式状语从句常见的引导词有:

表示“像……”的as和

表示“好像……”的as if /as though，

例如：

Let’s study as Lei Feng studied. 让我们像雷锋那样学习吧。

Think as I think. 像我这样去想。

He talks as if/though he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他好像醉了。

1. 方式状语从句通常由 as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1）as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

【as引导方式状语从句精讲】

as引导方式状语从句,限制定语从句和非限制定语从句的区别是什么

一. 方式状语从句:

方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1. as引导行为方式状语从句时,意为“如同……”?“按照……的方式(样子,办法)”?这种从句常位于主句之后?例如:

You must try to hold the tool as I do. 你必须像我这样拿工具?

Leave the things as they are. 别动这些东西?

We must do as the Party tells us (to do). 我们必须按照党的指示办事?

2. (just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体.

例如：

Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

【知识拓展】

二. as引导方式状语从句与as引导限制性定语从句的比较

as引导限制性定语从句时,构成“the same ... as ...”, “such ... as ...”, “as many (much, few,

little) ... as ...”等结构?as可替代先行词,在从句中作主语?表语?宾语或状语?

例如:

He isn’t the same person as he used to be. 他不再是过去那个样子了?

I have never heard such a story as he is telling. 我从来没有听见过像他正在讲述的这种故事?Here is a bottle of pure water. You may use as much of it as you need. 这里有一瓶纯净水,你需要多少就用多少?

This is the same watch as I have lost. 这块表和我丢失的那块表一样?

In those days, many youths lived in the same way as the villagers did in the mountains. 那些日子里很多青年人跟山区的老百姓一样生活?

3. as引导的非限制性定语从句,可以修饰整个主句和主句中的一部分?从句可位于主句之前?句中或主句之后,通常用逗号将其与主句隔开?这时as可译为“正如”?“正像”?例如: As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如报纸上报道的那样,两国之间的会谈正取得进展?

He is an Englishman, as I know from his accent. 从他的口音,我知道他是英国人?

As was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner. 像往常那样,他吃完饭后就出去散步了?

As is often the case, we have overfulfilled the production plan this year. 像往常一样,我们今年又超额完成了生产计划?

This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating. 正如人们所料,这台机器已停止转动了?

He came very early this morning, as (was) usual. 像往常一样,他今天早上来得很早?

常见的这种定语从句还有: as has been said before(如前所述); as is mentioned above(如上面提到的); as may be imagined(正如可想象的那样); as is well known to us all(众所周知); as (sb) all know(众所周知); as often happens(正如经常发生的那样); as has already been pointed out(正如已经指出的那样); as we all can see(正像我们都能看到的那样)等?

【以上二是知识拓展】

2）as if, as though

两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：

as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

2.其他的引导词

1）the way：

Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词.

2）口语常用的like：

He sits there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的. （这里用了虚拟语气，值得注意的是be动词用的was，而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were。）

【as if/as though精讲】

as if, as though的用法精讲：

这两个复合从属连词的用法和意义完全一样，但as if 在当代英语中比as though 普通得多。

1. as if 引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用直陈语气。从句的谓语为look, seem, taste, smell, sound等。如：

It looks as if they have succeeded in the experiment. 看来好像他们试验成功了。

2. as if 引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词一般用过去时，be 动词常用were,但在现代英语中也常见到单数was的情况。如：

The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl. 这位满头长发的男青年看上去像个女的。

The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.

这位受伤的男子表现得好像没发生什么事一样。

3. as if 引出的方式状语从句，当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句谓语形式常常没有什么特殊之处。如：

The lady felt as if she lost something. 这位女士好像学得丢了什么东西。

He was singing as though / if he hadn't had / didn't have a care in the world.他唱着歌，好像人世间他没有忧虑。

4. as if 引导的同一从句中所用的时态不同，意思往往不同。请比较：

* The clown looks as if he were ill.那个小丑好像害病似的。（虚拟语气）

* The clown looked as if he had been ill.那个小丑过去好像生过病。（过去生过病或虚拟语气）【as if/as though从句】

【知识拓展】

as if/as though的用法

一．在通常情况下，as if 和as though 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下：

1. 谈论现在情形的，用过去时（动词be用were,也可用was）：

Why is she looking at me as though she knew me? 他为什么那样看我？像是认识我似的。

He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。

He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger.

He speaks as if he were an Englishman.

It’s not as though he was /were poor.

2. 谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：

a)过去式，表示过去的状态，如：

He looked at me as if I were mad. 他那样看我，好像我是个疯子。

He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a

train was the best joke in the world.他站在那里，望着火车哈哈大笑，好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。

Mr. Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时：

They talked as if they had been friends for years.

Now it is as though she had known Millie for years.

情态动词亦用过去时：

She felt as though she could hardly endure such a life.她觉得简直无法忍受这样的生活。

b)过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：

It was as if he had lost his last friend.

“I remember,”she tells her children now, “how wild his white hair looked——as if it had been electrified.”

必须注意的是，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：

You look as if you’d seen a ghost. 你好像是见了鬼似的。

He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。

c)过去进行时，表示动作正在进行：

He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.

He ran as if ghosts were chasing him.

I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动。

d)过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态：

It looked as if it was going to snow.

He opened his lips as if he would say something to you.

二. 如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能时真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在feel, look, seem,smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此。

Idioms中的两个例子：

He walks as if he is drunk.

He walks as if he were drunk.

第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第2句则表示“他没有醉”。又如：