第一大题单项选择题-5

第一大题单项选择题-5
第一大题单项选择题-5

第一大题:单项选择题

1、应计入产品成本,但不专设成本项目的各种费用,应()。

A.直接计入当期损益

B.作为管理费用处理

C.作为制造费用处理,期末再通过分配计入产品成本

D.直接计入生产成本科目

2、某企业只生产和销售甲产品,2010年4月1日期初在产品成本3.5万元。4月份发生如下费用:领用材料6万元,生产工人工资2万元,制造费用1万元,行政管理部门物料消耗1.5万元,专设销售机构固定资产折旧费0.8万元。月末在产品成本3万元。该企业4月份完工甲产品的生产成本为()万元。

A.9

B.9.5

C.8.3

D.11.8

3、某企业只生产一种产品,2011年10月1日初在产品成本7万元;10月份发生如下费用:生产领用材料12万元,生产工人工资4万元,制造费用2万元,管理费用3万元,广告费1.6万元;月末在产品成本6万元。该企业10月份完工产品的生产成本为()万元。

A.16

B.18

C.19

D.23.6

4、辅助生产费用交互分配法的交互分配,是指将辅助生产费用首先在企业内部()。

A.辅助生产车间之间分配

B.辅助生产车间与销售部门之间分配

C.辅助生产车间与基本生产车间之间分配

D.辅助生产车间与行政

管理部门之间分配

5、某企业生产甲、乙两种产品,2010年12月共发生生产工人工资70 000元,福利费10 000元。上述人工费按生产工时比例在甲、乙产品间分配,其中甲产品的生产工时为1 200小时,乙产品的生产工时为800小时。该企业生产甲产品应分配的人工费为()元。

A.28 000

B.32 000

C.42 000

D.48 000

6、如果在分配辅助生产费用时,将辅助生产的计划成本分配转出数与辅助生产的实际成本的差额,全部计入了管理费用,这种费用的分配方法是()。

A.顺序分配法

B.交互分配法

C.计划成本分配法

D.代数分配法

7、某工业企业下设供水、供电两个辅助生产车间,采用直接分配法进行辅助生产费用的分配。2011年4月,供水车间交互分配前实际发生的生产费用为90 000元,应负担供电车间的电费为27 000元;供水总量为500 000吨(其中:供电车间耗用50 000吨,基本生产车间耗用350 000吨,行政管理部门耗用100 000吨)。供水车间2011年4月对辅助生产车间以外的受益单位分配水费的总成本为()元。

A.108 000

B.117 000

C.105 300

D.90 000

8、在各种辅助生产费用的分配方法中,最为准确的方法是()。

A.直接分配法

B.交互分配法

C.顺序分配法

D.代数分配法

9、某工业企业下设供水、供电两个辅助生产车间,采用交互分配法进行辅助生产费用的分配。2010年1月,供水车间交互分配前实际发生的生产费用为54 000元,应负担供电车间的电费为16 200元;供水总量为300 000吨(其中:供电车间耗用30 000吨,基本生产车间耗用210 000吨,行政管理部门耗用60 000吨)。供水车间2010年1月对辅助生产车间以外的受益单位分配水费的总成本为()元。

A.48 600

B.70 200

C.63 180

D.64 800

10、顺序分配法的特点是()。

A.受益多的先分配,受益少的后分配

B.受益少的先分配,受益多的后分配

C.耗用多的先分配,耗用少的后分配

D.耗用少的先分配,耗用多的后分配

11、某企业本月生产A产品耗用机器工时120小时,生产B产品耗用机器工时180小时。本月发生车间管理人员工资3万元,产品生产人员工资30万元。该企业按机器工时比例分配制造费用。假设不考虑其他因素,本月B产品应分配的制造费用为()万元。

A.1.2

B.1.32

C.1.8

D.1.98

12、下列各项中,属于废品损失的是()。

A.入库后发现的可修复废品的生产成本扣除回收的废品残料价值和应收赔款以后的损失

B.经质量检验部门鉴定不需要返修、可以降价出售的不合格品

C.产品入库后由于保管不善等原因而损坏变质的产品

D.实行三包企业在产品出售后发现的废品

13、企业产品成本中原材料费用所占比重较大时,月末可采用的在产品和完工产品之间分配的方法是()。

A.在产品成本按年初固定成本计算法

B.在产品按所耗直接材料成本计价法

C.定额比例法

D.约当产量法

14、如果企业月末在产品数量较多,各月末在产品数量变化也较大,产品成本中原材料费用和工资等其他费用所占比重相差不大,月末可采用的

15、某产品本月完工50件,月末在产品60件,在产品平均完工程度为50%,累计发生产品费用100000元,采用约当产量比例法计算在产品成本时,本月完工产品的成本是()元。

A.37500

B.45455

C.62500

D.54545

16、企业各项消耗定额或成本定额比较准确、稳定,而且各月末在产品数量变化不是很大的产品,应选择的一种分配生产费用的方法是()。

A.在产品按所耗直接材料成本计价法

B.约当产量比例法

C.在产品按定额成本计价法

D.定额比例法

17、宏达公司主要生产A产品和B产品,A产品和B产品为联产品。2010年9月份发生加工成本800万元。A产品和B产品在分离点上的数量分别为200个和300个。采用实物数量分配法分配联合成本,B产品应分配的联合成本为()万元。

A.480

B.320

C.800

D.300

第二大题:多项选择题

1、下列各项中,应当计入制造费用的有()。

A.生产车间设备租赁费

B.生产车间管理人员福利费

C.生产车间财产保险费

D.生产车间耗用直接材料

2、下列各项中,属于辅助生产费用分配方法的有()。

A.直接分配法

B.约当产量法

C.交互分配法

D.定额比例法

3、下列有关辅助生产费用分配的说法中,正确的有()。

A.采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用,计算简单,但结果不够准确

B.辅助生产费用按计划成本分配的方法适用于辅助生产劳务计划单位成本比较准确的企业

C.顺序分配法的分配顺序是受益多的先分配,受益少的后分配

D.代数分配法是分配结果最正确的一种方法

4、采用代数分配法分配辅助生产费用()。

A.能够简化费用的分配计算工作

B.能够提供正确的分配计算结果

C.适用产品数量较小

D.适用于实现电算化的企业

5、制造费用的分配,通常采用的方法有()。

A.约当产量比例法

B.生产工人工资比例法

C.机器工时比例法

D.生产工人工时比例法

6、不单独核算停工损失的企业中,停工损失直接反映在()科目中。

A.制造费用

B.营业外支出

C.生产成本

D.其他应收款

7、采用定额比例法分配完工产品和月末在产品费用,应具备的条件有()。

A.各月末在产品数量变化较大

B.各月末在产品数量变化不大

C.消耗定额或成本定额比较稳定

D.消耗定额或成本定额波动较

8、某产品由三道工序加工而成,原材料在每道工序之初投入,各工序的材料消耗定额分别为20千克、30千克和50千克,用约当产量法分配原材料费用时,以下关于各工序在产品的完工程度计算正确的有()。

A.第一道工序的完工程度为20%

B.第二道工序的完工程度为50%

C.第三道工序的完工程度为100%

D.第二道工序的完工程度为35%

9、下列各种方法,适用于生产费用在完工产品和在产品之间分配的有()。

A.交互分配法

B.定额比例法

C.在产品按固定成本计价法

D.在产品按定额成本计价法

10、联产品的联合成本在分离点后,可按一定分配方法在各联产品之间进行分配,分配方法包括()。

A.售价法

B.实物数量法

C.定额比例法

D.约当产量比例法

第三大题:判断题

1、产品成本是费用总额的一部分,包括期末未完工产品的费用。()

2、成本核算一般是对成本计划执行的结果进行事中的反映。()

4、各种辅助生产费用分配方法的共同点,是在各辅助生产内部进行交互分配。()

5、辅助生产费用的各种分配方法中,便于考核和分析各受益单位的成本,有利于分清各单位的经济责任的是顺序分配法。()

6、辅助生产车间发生的各项成本中,直接用于辅助生产、并专设成本项目的成本,应单独直接计入制造费用科目和所属有关明细账的借方。()

7、采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时,应考虑各辅助生产车间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。()

8、采用按计划成本分配法分配辅助生产费用时,辅助生产的成本差异可全部计入管理费用。()

9、采用年度计划分配率分配法分配制造费用,制造费用科目及所属明细账都应没有年末余额。()

10、企业应对发生的所有因停工造成的损失予以计算。()

11、可修复废品与不可修复的废品一样都属于废品损失,所以均应计算其生产成本,并从生产成本中转出。()

12、当期末在产品数量很少时,对生产成本在完工产品和在产品之间进行分配时,仍然要考虑期末在产品应负担的生产成本。()

13、在分配主产品和副产品的生产成本时,通常先确定副产品的生产成本,然后确定主产品的生产成本。()

第四大题:计算分析题

1、某工业企业下设供水和供电两个辅助生产车间,辅助生产车间的制造费用不通过制造费用科目核算。基本生产成本明细账设有原材料、直接人工和制造费用3个成本项目。2011年4月份各辅助生产车间发生的费用资料如下:(1)供水车间本月共发生成本88 000元,提供水115 000吨;供电车间本月共发生成本90 000元,提供照明175 000度。(2)供水车间耗电25 000度,供电车间耗用水5 000吨。(3)基本生产车间动力耗电100 000度,照明耗电30 000度,耗水100 000吨;行政管理部门耗电20 000度,耗水10 000吨。要求:(1)采用直接分配法,分别计算水费分配率和电费分配率。(2)根据水费分配率,计算分配水费。(3)根据电费分配率,计算分配电费。(4)编制辅助生产费用分配的会计分录(辅助生产成本科目要列出明细科目)。

2、某工业企业生产甲、乙两种产品的有关资料如下表:

甲产品本月完工100件,在产品100件,在产品完工程度30%;乙产品本月全部完工80件。假定原材料于生产开始时一次投入,工资和制造费用在生产过程中均衡发生,原材料按定额比例分配,工资和制造费用按工时比例分配。假定甲、乙产品均无在产品期初余额。要求:根据上述资料计算甲、乙产品的完工成本(单独写出计算过程,将结果填列产品成本计算单),并编制结转产品成本的会计分录。

3、某公司D产品本月完工产品产量300台,在产品数量40台;单位产品定额消耗为:材料400千克/台,100工时/台。单位在产品材料定额400千克。工时定额50小时。每千克定额材料成本20元。实际发生的直接材料、直接人工的相关资料如下表所示。(假设该公司未发生制造费用。)

要求:按定额比例法计算以下项目:(1)计算完工产品定额材料成本、月末在产品定额材料成本;(2)计算完工产品定额工时、月末在产品定额工时;(3)计算直接材料成本分配率、直接人工成本分配率;(4)计算完工产品应负担的直接材料成本和直接人工成本;(5)计算月末在产品应负担的直接材料成本和直接人工成本。

第一大题:单项选择题

1、答案:C

解析:应计入产品成本但不专设成本项目的各种费用应通过制造费用账户核算。

2、答案:B

解析:行政管理部门物料消耗是计入到管理费用中,专设销售机构固定资产折旧费是计入到销售费用中。月末制造费用要分配结转到生产成本中,本期在产品成本的减少数即为当期完工产品生产成本的增加数,因此该企业4月份完工甲产品的生产成本=3.5-3+6+2+1=9.5(万元),答案为B。

3、答案:C

解析:本期发生的产品成本=12(直接材料)+4(直接人工)+2(制造费用)=18(万元)。完工产品成本=期初在产品成本+本期发生的产品成本-月末在产品成本,因此该企业10月份完工产品的生产成本为7+18-6=19(万元)。

4、答案:A

解析:采用交互分配法分配辅助生产费用,应先根据各辅助生产车间内部相互供应的数量和交互分配前的成本分配率(单位成本),进行一次交互分配,因此本题答案选A。

5、答案:D

解析:甲产品应分担的人工费=1 200×(70 000+10 000)/(1 200+800)=48 000(元)。

6、答案:C

解析:辅助生产车间实际发生的费用(包括辅助生产内部交互分配转入的费用)与按计划成本分配转出的费用之间的差额,可以追加分配给辅助生产车间以外的各受益单位。为了简化核算程序,也可以全部计入管理费用账户。

7、答案:D

8、答案:D

解析:采用代数分配法分配费用,分配结果最正确,但在分配以前要解联立方程,如果辅助生产车间、部门较多,未知数较多,计算工作比较复杂,因而这种方法在计算工作已经实现电算化的企业中采用比较适宜。

9、答案:D

解析:交互分配法的原理:先根据各辅助生产车间内部相互供应的数量和交互分配前费用分配率(单位成本),进行一次交互分配;然后再将各辅助生产车间交互分配后的实际费用(即交互分配前的费用加上交互分配转入的费用,减去交互分配转出的费用)按对外提供劳务的数量,在辅助生产以外各受益单位之间进行分配。本题中交互分配前供水车间实际发生的费用为54 000元;应负担供电车间的电费为16 200元;供电车间耗用水30 000吨,应负担的费用为:54 000÷300 000×30 000=5 400(元),所以,供水车间对辅助生产车间以外的受益单位分配水费的总成本为:54 000+16 200-5 400=64 800(元)。

10、答案:B

解析:顺序分配法的特点,受益少的先分配,受益多的后分配。

11、答案:C

解析:该题中本月发生车间管理人员工资是计入到制造费用中,金额为3万元。机器工时比例法下,制造费用分配率=制造费用总额÷机器运转总时数=3÷(120+180)=0.01;本月B产品应分配的制造费用=0.01×180=1.8(万元)。

12、答案:A

解析:废品损失是指在生产过程中发生的和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本,以及可修复废品的修复费用,扣除回收的废品残料价值和应收赔款以后的损失。经质量检验部门鉴定不需要返修、可以降价出售的不合格品,以及产品入库后由于保管不善等原因而损坏编制的产品和实行三包企业在产品出售后发现的废品均不包括在废品损失内。

13、答案:B

解析:在产品成本按年初固定成本计算法适用于月末在产品数量较多,但各月变化不大的产品或月末在产品数量很小的产品;定额比例法适用于各项消耗定额或成本定额比较准确、稳定,但各月末在产品数量变动较大的产品;约当产量法适用于产品数量较多,各月在产品数量变化也较大,且生产成本直接材料和直接人工等加工成本的比重相差不大的产品。

14、答案:B

解析:在产品成本按年初固定成本计算法适用于月末在产品数量较多,但各月变化不大的产品或月末在产品数量很小的产品;定额比例法适用于各项消耗定额或成本定额比较准确、稳定,但各月末在产品数量变动较大的产品;约当产量法适用于产品数量较多,各月在产品数量变化也较大,且生产成本直接材料和直接人工等加工成本的比重相差不大的产品。

15、答案:C

解析:在约当产量比例法下,本月完工产品成本=50×[100000/(50+60×50%)]=62500(元)。

16、答案:C

解析:完工产品和在产品的成本分配方法中,涉及定额问题有两种方法:一是在产品按定额成本计价法;二是定额比例法。前者适用于各月末在产品数量变化不大的情况;后者适用于各月末在产品数量变化较大的情况。

17、答案:A

解析:B产品应分配的联合成本=300/(200+300)×800=480(万元)。

第二大题:多项选择题

1、答案:ABC

解析:生产车间耗用直接材料一律计入生产成本。

2、答案:AC

解析:辅助生产费用的分配方法主要有直接分配法、交互分配法、计划成本分配法、顺序分配法和代数分配法等。选项B约当产量法和选项D定额比例法是完工产品和在产品之间费用的分配方法。

3、答案:ABD

解析:选项C的分配顺序是受益少的先分,受益多的后分。

解析:代数分配法有关费用的分配结果最正确,但在辅助生产车间多的情况下,未知数也较多,计算工作比较复杂,因此,本方法适用于已经实现电算化的企业。

5、答案:BCD

解析:约当产量比例法用于生产成本在完工产品和在产品之间的分配。

6、答案:AB

解析:不单独核算停工损失的企业,不设立停工损失科目,直接反映在制造费用和营业外支出等科目中。

7、答案:AC

解析:定额比例法适用于各项消耗定额或成本定额比较准确、稳定,但各月末在产品数量变动较大的产品。

8、答案:ABC

解析:原材料在每一道工序开始时一次投入,从总体上看属于分次投入,投入的次数等于工序的数量。用约当产量法分配原材料费用时,各工序在产品的完工程度=本工序投入的原材料累计消耗定额÷原材料的消耗定额合计,因此,选项A、B、C正确,选项D不正确。

9、答案:BCD

解析:生产费用在完工产品和在产品之间的分配方法主要有:不计算在产品成本法、在产品按固定成本计算法、在产品按所耗直接材料成本计价法、约当产量比例法、在产品按定额成本计价法、定额比例法。选项A是辅助生产费用的分配方法。

10、答案:AB

解析:联产品的联合成本在分离点后,可按一定分配方法在各联产品之间进行分配,分配方法比如售价法、实物数量法等。

第三大题:判断题

1、答案:×

解析:产品成本只包括为生产一定种类或数量的完工产品的费用,不包括未完工产品的生产费用和其他费用。

2、答案:×

解析:成本核算一般是对成本计划执行的结果进行事后的反映。

3、答案:×

解析:主要是错在制造费用不属于直接费用,属于间接生产费用。企业在只有生产一种产品的情况下,本期发生的构成产品成本的费用才均为直接费用。

4、答案:×

解析:辅助生产费用的分配方法并非所有的分配方法都需要在辅助生产内部进行分配。

5、答案:×

解析:便于考核和分析各受益单位的成本,有利于分清各单位的经济责任的是计划成本分配法。

6、答案:×

解析:辅助生产车间发生的各项成本中,直接用于辅助生产、并专设成本项目的成本,应单独直接计入“生产成本——辅助生产成本”科目和所属有关明细账的借方。

7、答案:×

解析:采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时,不考虑各辅助生产车间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。

8、答案:√

解析:辅助生产车间实际发生的费用(包括辅助生产内部交互分配转入的费用)与按计划成本分配转出的费用之间的差额,为了简化核算程序,全部计入管理费用账户。

9、答案:×

解析:采用年度计划分配率法分配制造费用,除其中属于为次年开工生产做准备的可留待明年分配外,其余的都应在当年年度终了时调整本年度的产品成本。

解析:不满一个工作日的停工,一般不计算停工损失。

11、答案:×

解析:可修复废品不属于废品损失,所以不需要计算其生产成本,也无需转出。

12、答案:×

解析:月末在产品数量很少的情况下可以不计算在产品的成本。

13、答案:√

解析:在分配主产品和副产品的生产成本时,一般可采用简化的方法确定副产品的成本,然后从总成本中扣除,其余额就是主产品的成本。

第四大题:计算分析题

1、答案:

解析:(1)水费分配率=88 000/(100 000+10 000)=0.8

电费分配率=90 000/(100 000+30 000+20 000)=0.6

(2)水费分配:

基本车间耗用水费=100 000×0.8=80 000(元)

行政部门耗用水费=10 000×0.8=8 000(元)

(3)电费分配:

基本车间动力耗用电费=100 000×0.6=60 000(元)

基本车间照明耗用电费=30 000×0.6=18 000(元)

行政部门照明耗用电费=20 000×0.6=12 000(元)

(4)分配水费的会计分录:

借:制造费用80 000

管理费用8 000

贷:生产成本——辅助生产成本(供水)88 000

分配电费的会计分录:

借:生产成本——基本生产成本60 000

制造费用18 000

管理费用12 000

贷:生产成本——辅助生产成本(供电)90 000

2、答案:

解析:(1)原材料分配率=44 000/40 000=110%

甲产品应分摊的原材料费用=28 000×110%=30 800(元)

甲产品单位原材料费用=30 800/200=154(元)

甲产品完工产品的原材料=100×154=15 400(元)

乙产品应分摊的原材料费用=12 000×110%=13 200(元)

(2)甲产品在产品约当产量=100×30%=30(件)

(3)甲产品应分摊的工资费用=2 400/4 000×26 000=15 600(元)

甲产品完工产品应分摊的工资费用=100/(100+30)×15 600=12 000(元)

乙产品应分摊的工资费用=1 600/4 000×26 000=10 400(元)

(4)甲产品应分摊的制造费用=2 400/4 000×31 200=18 720(元)

甲产品完工产品应分摊制造费用=100/(100+30)×18 720=14 400(元)

乙产品应分摊的制造费用=1 600/4 000×31 200=12 480(元)

结转产品成本

借:库存商品——甲产品 41 800

——乙产品 36 080

贷:生产成本 77 880

3、答案:

解析:(1)计算完工产品定额材料成本、月末在产品定额材料成本;

完工产品定额材料成本=400×300×20=2 400 000(元)

月末在产品定额材料成本=400×40×20=320 000(元)

(2)计算完工产品定额工时、月末在产品定额工时;

完工产品定额工时=100×300=30 000(小时)

月末在产品定额工时=50×40=2 000(小时)

(3)计算直接材料成本分配率、直接人工成本分配率;

直接材料成本分配率=(400 000+960 000)/(2 400 000+320 000)=0.5 直接人工成本分配率=(40 000+600 000)/(30 000+2 000)=20

(4)计算完工产品应负担的直接材料成本和直接人工成本;

完工产品应负担的直接材料成本=2 400 000×0.5=1 200 000(元)

完工产品应负担的直接人工成本=30 000×20=600 000(元)

(5)计算月末在产品应负担的直接材料成本和直接人工成本。

月末在产品应负担的直接材料成本=320 000×0.5=160 000(元)

月末在产品应负担的直接人工成本=2 000×20=40 000(元)

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