江苏大学硕士生入学考试复试科目参考书范文

江苏大学硕士生入学考试复试科目参考书范文
江苏大学硕士生入学考试复试科目参考书范文

江苏大学硕士生入学考试复试科目参考书

江苏大学毕业设计及论文基本要求

本科毕业设计要求: 1、英文文献翻译,文献的原文由老师提供,要求对英文文献中的题目、摘要、正文、图表 名称进行原意翻译,文献中的作者、公式、图表以及参考文献不需要翻译。翻译时不可通过翻译工具进行全文翻译,仅能使用翻译工具进行初步翻译再针对原文意思进行修改,必须保证译文具有一定的可读性和准确性。建议:通读全文,了解一定意思之后再进行翻译,专业词汇无法准确翻译,推荐使用CNKI翻译助手,网址为https://www.360docs.net/doc/a91441323.html,/。 2、综述或读书笔记:即经过广泛阅读毕业设计相关资料、书籍和文献之后,针对毕业设计 内容的背景、发展现状、主要技术及应用、理论基础等做相应总结,撰写出一份综述或读书笔记。必须在最后给出阅读的参考文献,同样,内容的编排需要具备一定的可读性和准确性。要求篇幅8-10页。 3、任务书:由老师下达,学生提交正确的专业、班级和姓名。 4、针对毕业设计题目,进行一定的仿真、硬件设计或实验验证,每一个毕业设计必须要有 相应的结果,或是仿真模型和仿真波形结果,或者硬件系统设计原理图PCB,或者最终的实验平台搭建和实验结果,或者完成相应的软件代码编写,根据各自的题目,在毕业完成最后必须具有一定的结果呈出。 5、所有的英文文献翻译、综述以及毕业论文的撰写必须规范严谨,请参考下页给出的示意 图,所有的图表名称应比正文小一个字体,如正文为小四字体,则图表的名称为五号字体,并且要求图中和表中的文字尽量不要超过图表名称的字体大小。另:所有论文编写请统一采用office word,不要采用WPS,排版会有很大问题,所有的公式请采用公式编辑器MathType6.0及以上的安装版,画图和制图均使用office visio07或以上版本,软件请大家到网上下载,或者问老师拷贝安装。 6、请大家学会搜索和下载参考文献,进入学校图书馆网址https://www.360docs.net/doc/a91441323.html,,在“常用资 源里面”的“CNKI知识网络数字平台”和“万方知识服务平台”两个数据库里面,可按照各自毕业设计题目中的关键词搜索相关期刊论文和硕士博士论文,进行阅读参考。如有疑问和不懂的地方,及时与老师沟通。 7、毕业设计期间纪律:(1)每周进行一次汇报,汇报各自研究进展和取得的阶段性成果; (2)请大家养成自觉和好问的习惯,有不会的地方及时沟通联系老师;(3)若要出去短暂实习或找工作,必须明确告知老师并请假,汇报可采用邮件或者电话或者QQ的形式;(4)原则情况下不接受全学期在外实习,如果需要毕业设计期间去工厂实习,必须办理相关手续,并且毕业设计由工厂提供,老师只负责监督和把关,由此造成的不良后果,请自行负责;(5)若出现不遵守纪律者,毕业设计出现不及格一概与老师无关!8、毕业设计具体和时间节点: (1)英文文献翻译,第4周周三前; (2)中期检查审核,第9-10周; (3)论文初稿,第13-14周; (4)论文定稿,第14-15周; (5)答辩时间,6月5日~6月10日。

江苏大学英语论文写作

Unit 1. General Introduction to Professional Paper Writing 1. Classification of Professional Papers A professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic. 1) Report Paper The report paper summarizes and reports the findings of author(s) on a particular subject. The author(s) may not give his/their own opinion on the issue, nor evaluates the findings, but merely catalogs them ins sensible sequence. 2)Research Paper A research paper can be intelligent, well-informed, interesting, and original in its conclusions. It draws its material from many sources. Its aim is to assemble facts and ideas and by studying then to draw new conclusions as to facts or interpretations, or to present the material in the light of a new interest. Research papers are or can be the most important and reliable sources for textbooks, monographs, and all other documentary works. 3) Course Paper Different from the report paper and research paper, a course paper mainly refers to the paper written after a specific course is learned or at the end of the term. So its contents usually should be in line with the course requirements and under the instruction of the course instructor. Since this type of paper is always written and handed in at the end of the term , it is also called ―term paper‖. 4) Thesis Paper (Dissertation论述) A thesis paper is usually written and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MA or MS (or Ph.D) in a specific discipline.Unlike a report paper, a thesis paper takes a definite stand on an issue. A thesis is a proposition or point of view that the writer or speaker is willing to argue against or defend. Writing a thesis paper requires the writer to exercise judgment, evaluate evidence, and construct a logical argument, whereas writing a report paper does not. 2.General Characteristics of English Academic Writing Style Academic writing in English is linear, which means it has one central point or theme with every part contributing to the main line of argument, without digressions(扯开,离题)or repetitions. Its objective is to inform rather than entertain. Accordingly, academic writing is structured, formal and objective. Its language is often abstract and complex.

江苏大学论文

JIANG SU UNIVERSITY 函授本科毕业论文 学生学习动机的培养和激发的研究Research in cultivating and Arousing 学院名称:江苏大学 专业班级:教育学2013 学生姓名:王叶 指导教师姓名: 指导教师职称: 2014年月

目录 摘要 (1) 一、引言 (3) 二、学习动机的涵义 (3) 三、激发学习动机的原则 (4) 四、激发和培养学生学习动机的重要性 (4) 五、学生的学习动机的基本类型 (5) 六、学生学习动机的激发和培养 (6) (一)、学习动机的激发 (6) (二)、学习动机的培养 (8) 七、结语 (11) 参考文献: (12) 致谢 (13)

摘要:学生的学习动机与学生成绩及教师的教学效果有着密切的联系,因此,激发和培养学生的学习动机对搞好中学教学有着十分重要的意义。通过现代教育学理论和心理学的学习,本文着重分析了中学生学习动机的激发和培养的重要性;论述了动机的涵义、类型;提出了激发和培养中学生的学习动机的策略。 关键词:学习动机;中学生;激发和培养

Research in cultivating and Arousing Abstract:There is some close relation among the students’ learning motivation and achievement and teachers’ effects.Therefore inspire and cultivate students’learning motivation is of great significance to do a good job in the middle school teaching. This paper analyzes the importance of the cultivation of inspiring and discussing the motion of meaning ,types is proposed to inspire and cultivate the students’learning motivation strategy. Key words :inspire , cultivate , learning motivation , middle school students

江苏大学研究生英语课程讲义整理

Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation 1. Definition of Literature Literature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. 2. Classification of Literature 1) Textbooks(教科书):In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the students in a given branch of learning. 2) Monographs(专著):A monograph is an artide or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply. 3) Papers(论文):A complete paper is usually composed of the following elements: title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references, etc. 4) Encyclopedias(百科全书):An encyclopedia is a book or set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular branch, in alphabetical order. 5) Periodicals(期刊):A periodical is a series of publications that appear at regular intervals. 6) Special Documentation(特别文件):Special documentation refers to all the printed materials that are non-books or non-periodicals. 3. Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature 1) Stylistically(在文体上), literature is a kind of formal writing. 2) Syntactically(在语句构成上), scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, and in most cases is rather unitary. 3) Morphologically(在词法上), scientific literature is featured by high specialization, the use of technical terms and jargons, unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word. 4) Besides, non-verbal language is also very popular in various literatures such as signs, formulas, charts, tables, photos, etc. 4. Discussion 1. What is your opinion on the importance of translation? Can you cite some examples to support your idea? As a means of communication, translation plays an important role in human civilization. for example , in the West, literary translation can be traced back to 300 BC; while in China, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC). A modern society sees an extensive use of translation on various occasions. Proper and dexterous translation helps promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds. For example ,the ordinary word “menu”. Its original meaning is “a list of dishes in a meal or to be ordered as separated meals. However, when it is used in computer science, its meaning shifts to “a list shown on the display of a computer from which a user can select the operation the computer is to perform.” 2. What is translation? Do you agree with the author’s point of view? Why or why not? If the word “translation” refers to a subject, it is a science. If it refers to some specific pieces

江苏大学研究生英语总结--下学期

考试题型: 一.回答问题 二.文体对比stylistic features: subjective(主观的)/objective(客观的) 三.语篇分析---textual development /analogy 四.语篇改写句子和句子之间衔接词语少了 There are numerous reasons for……at first, …….secondly, ….In addition, /additionally, /furthermore, …/what is more, Unit 1 General Introduction to Professional Paper Writing 1.1 Classification of professional paper A professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic. 1)Report paper读书报告2)Research paper 研究论文 3)Course paper课程论文4)Thesis paper(Dissertation)学术论文 1.2 General Characteristics of English Academic Writing Style Generally, English Academic writing is: 1) complex(复杂)--Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language 2) formal(正式)--Academic writing is relatively formal. Formal writing doesn’t use contractions, colloquialisms and slang. 3) impersonal and objective(客观)--Written language is in general objective rather than personal. It therefore has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader. This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you. 4) explicit(清楚)--Academic writing is explic it about the relationships in the text. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related. 5) accurate(准确)--Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately. Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings. 6) cautious or tentative(用词谨慎) 7) responsible(负责)---Academic writing refers to information from a range of print, digital and other sources, all of which must be clearly referenced in your text references other writers’ work. Question & Exercises:Read the following two passages and try to find out the stylistic features of each. Answer: Compared with these two passages, I find that there are differences in styles, passage 1 is informal, subjective, for example: ―I’m......‖,―don’t......‖ While the second passage is a scientific research paper, it’s formal, objective and complex, for example,(长句,被动语态等) (subjective---objective, simple---complex, for example......) Unit 2 Title, Author/Affiliation and Keywords 2.1 Titles 2.1.1. General functions 1). Generalizing the Text (总结全文)

江苏大学研究生学位论文撰写格式要求

江苏大学研究生学位论文撰写格式要求 为规范我校研究生学位论文的格式,根据国家标准局批准颁发的《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式()》,现对研究生学位论文的撰写提出以下要求: 一、学位论文的基本要求 学位论文必须是一篇(或由一组论文组成的一篇)系统的、完整的学术论文,是学位申请者本人在导师的指导下独立完成的研究成果,论文不得抄袭和剽窃他人成果。学位论文的学术观点必须明确,且立论正确,推理严谨,数据可靠,层次分明,文字简练,说明透彻。 学位论文原则上应使用国家正式公布实施的简化汉字撰写(外语专业除外),硕士学位论文字数一般为~万,博士学位论文字数一般为~万。 学位论文中使用的术语、符号、代号必须全文统一并符合规范化要求。计量单位采用国务院发布的《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》,并遵照《中华人民共和国法定计量单位使用方法》执行。 二、学位论文的组成及撰写要求 学位论文由三部分组成:学位论文前置部分、学位论文主体部分、学位论文附录部分(论文格式见图)。 学位论文 格式简图 附录部分 (必要时) 图 学位论文格式简图 .学位论文的前置部分 包括封面、题名页、论文独创性声明和使用授权声明、摘要、目录、 图表清单、注释表。 封面 封面 题名页 论文独创性声明和版权使用授权书 摘要 目录 图表清单(必要时) 注释表(必要时) 引言(或绪论) 正文 结论 参考文献 致谢 在学期间发表的学术论文及其他科研成果 附录 附录 前置部分 主体部分

封面使用学校统一印制的博士、硕士学位论文封面。 题名页 包括中文题名页和英文题名页。题名页的内容主要有:论文题目、学科(专业)名称、申请学位级别、作者姓名、指导教师姓名和职称、论文提交日期、论文答辩日期,学位授予单位和日期、分类号、密级、、编号(学号)等。其中,学位论文中文题目可分为~行居中打印;英文题目用大写字母,可分成~行居中打印,每行左右两边至少留五个字符空格。 论文独创性声明和版权使用授权书 论文独创性声明和版权使用授权书的格式范本见附件,研究生本人和指导教师需按规定亲笔签名。 摘要 摘要是学位论文内容的不加注释和评论的简短陈述,简要说明研究工作的目的、方法、创新性的成果和结论等。为了便于文献检索,摘要下方另起一行注明学位论文的关键词~个,每个关键词之间用逗号分开。 关键词写法举例: 关键词:专家系统,模糊数学,机械设计,知识学 摘要包括中文摘要和英文摘要,中文摘要力求语言精炼准确,除个别英文缩写外,一律用汉字写成,不得出现公式。硕士学位论文摘要中文字数为~字,博士学位论文摘要中文字数为~字。英文摘要内容应与中文摘要内容一致。 目录 目录是论文的提纲,是论文各组成部分的小标题,应分别依次列出并注明页码。各级标题分别以、、1.1.1等数字依次标出。 图表清单 如遇图表较多,可以分别列出清单置于目录页之后。图的清单应有序号、图题和页码。表的清单应有序号、表题和页码,本条为非必要部分。 注释表 注释表为符号、标志、缩略词、首字母缩写、计量单位、名词和术语等的注释说明汇集表,本条为非必要部分。 .学位论文的主体部分 引言(或绪论) 引言简要说明研究工作的目的、范围、相关领域的前人工作和知识空白、理论基础和分析、研究设想、研究方法、实验设计、预期结果和意义等。引言不可与摘要雷同,一般教科书有的知识,在引言中不必赘述。 正文 正文是学位论文的核心部分,必须客观真实,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读。正文按章、节、小节的次序编排,一般由标题、文字叙述、图、表和公式等五个部分构成。写作形式可因科研项目的性质不同而变化,一般可包括理论分析、计算方法、试验装置和测试方法,经过整理加工的试验结果分析和讨论,与理论计算结果的比较以及本研究方法与已有研究方法的比较等。

【考研经验】江苏大学学科教学(英语)考研经验

江苏大学学科教学(英语)考研经验分享 考研一战成功,初试418分,专业排名第二名,其中政治76分,英语二82分,专业一133分,专业二127分,分享一点点经验,希望可以帮助到大家: 首先是政治, 我用的是肖秀荣的精讲精练,肖四肖八,肖老的政治押题确实厉害,用完肖老的资料考场上还是比较胸有成竹的。我在政治上花的时间不是很多,暑假只是刷了一遍选择题,晚上会看下徐涛的政治视频,帮助我加深印象。我系统的开始复习政治是九月份,到考前肖老的一千题差不多刷了两三遍的样子。考前的最后两个星期,就是疯狂背诵肖四肖八,尤其是肖四,一定要多备几遍,这样考场上做题才比较得心应手。 其次是英语二, 英语二我用的是张剑的黄皮书系列,主要是刷真题,早上会早起背单词。因为我本身就是英语专业,加上英语二也不是很难,我在英语二上花的时间也不多,在考试前大概刷了三遍真题,背了几篇作文就进了考场。不过我自己其实对英语二的分数不是很满意,最后没把控好时间,作文写的比较匆忙,丢了不少分,所以大家考场的时候一定要有很强的时间观念,把握好时间,切勿因为时间不够而丢分让自己遗憾。 然后是333教育综合 ,这门课我应该是花的时间最多的一门,因为这门内容特别多,

需要花费大量的时间去理解和背诵。我用的是某学姐的笔记,结合学校的真题以及视频讲解,将内容整个梳理了一遍然后就是花时间背书,我刚开始也背的比较慢,背书的过程非常辛苦,可是自己坚持下来了就一定会有回报。在考试前,我一共背了八九遍的样子,最后考试的内容差不多都在自己的预测范围之内。专业二相比于专业一会简单点,背诵起来不是那么困难,内容后也没有专业一多,我主要是自己买的考研资料加上学校的真题一起背诵的。 以上就是我考研的一点心得,希望可以帮助到学科英语的学弟学妹们!最后祝大家考研顺利!一战成功!

江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期末考试样卷

江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期 末考试样卷 考试科目:文献阅读与翻译 考试时 间:XXXXXX Directions:Answer the following questions on the Answer Sheet. 1. How many kinds of literature do you know? And what are they? (5%) 2. How many types of professional papers do you know? And what are they? (5%) 3. What are the main linguistic features of Professional Papers? (10%) 4. What are the purposes of abstracts? How many kinds can the abstracts be roughly classified into? And what are the different kinds? (10%) 5.What is a proposal? How many kinds of proposals do you think are there? What are the main elements of a proposal? (10%) 6.Give your comments on the linguistic features of the following passage. (15%) Basic Point-Set Topology One way to describe the subject of Topology is to say that it is

江苏大学关于硕士研究生在学期间发表学术论文认定的期刊目录(试

江苏大学关于硕士研究生在学期间发表学术论文认定 的期刊目录(试 以下是为大家整理的江苏大学关于硕士研究生在学期间发表学术论文认定的期刊目录(试的相关范文,本文关键词为江苏大学,关于,硕士研究生,在学,期间,发表,学术论文,定的,您可以从右上方搜索框检索更多相关文章,如果您觉得有用,请继续关注我们并推荐给您的好友,您可以在综合文库中查看更多范文。 附件二:江苏大学关于硕士研究生在学期间发表学术论文认定的期刊目录

(试行) 一、经济学、理学、工学、医学、管理学门类 1、被scI、scIe、eI、IsTp(理工科)/Isshp(人文社科)收录的学术论文及国外单独主办的期刊; 2、中国科学引文数据库(简称cscD,中国科学院科学文献情报中心建立)核心版期刊; 3、中国人文社会科学核心期刊(简称cAss,中国社会科学院文献信息中心出版); 4、科学引文数据库源期刊(scD); 5、中文社会科学类(人文社会科学,管理学)引文索引收录期刊(简称csscI,南京大学中国社会科学科学研究评价中心编制); 6、北大中文核心期刊; 7、江苏大学学报(社科版)、江苏大学学报(医学版)、高校教育管理、排灌机械工程学报。以上2-6条的期刊以学校研究生院网页公布并正在使用的期刊目录为准。 二、哲学、法学、教育学、文学门类: 除经济学、理学、工学、医学、管理学门类中的7条外,增加国内具有该一级学科硕士学位授予权的部分高校学报(详见“部分认可的高校学报目录”),另被“人大复印资料”、“中国社会科学文摘”全文的学术论文,视同在核心期刊上发表。 三、艺术学门类: 除经济学、理学、工学、医学、管理学门类中的7条外,另增加在学科内有较高影响的部分期刊:“美术学”学科包括:美术大观、中

2015年江苏大学博士研究生入学考试英语阅读部分真题

2015年江苏大学博士研究生入学考试英语阅读部分真题(回忆版) 1、词汇 2、完形填空 3、阅读 PASSAGE1 In 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the bigges t season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year. What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accep t extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsivelyand therefore make bad decisions when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the sha pe of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interactin g with an object makes you more committed to your purchase. When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to co nduct an experiment about the difference between the online and offline shopping experience. I ca refully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer woul d take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase. The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and the m subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer’ s hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book, 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passi ng the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of owner ship when we hold things in our hand. That’ s why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. I n this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more. A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to conventional mail. A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opp osed to receiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indic ated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession. This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in the online shopping experience. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 52. Why do people prefer shopping online according to the author? A) It is more comfortable and convenient. B) It saves them a lot of money and time. C) It offers them a lot more options and bargains.

江苏大学优秀研究生学位论文评选办法

xx大学优秀研究生学位论文评选办法 第一条为进一步提高我校研究生学位论文质量,做好校优秀博士、硕士学位论文的评选及省优秀博士、硕士学位论文和全国优秀博士学位论文的推荐工作,根据教育部和国务院学位委员会《全国优秀博士学位论文评选办法》、xx省教育厅和xx省学位委员会《xx省优秀博士、硕士学位论文评选办法》的有关规定,并结合我校实际,特制定本办法。 第二条校优秀博士、硕士学位论文评选工作在校学位评定委员会的领导下,由研究生院负责组织实施。 第三条校优秀博士、硕士学位论文评选工作每年进行一次,在此基础上推荐省优秀博士、硕士学位论文和全国优秀博士学位论文。 第四条评选工作遵循“科学公正、注重创新、严格筛选、宁缺毋滥”的原则进行。 第五条校优秀博士、硕士学位论文评选条件如下: (一)论文在导师和指导小组的指导下独立完成,研究生工作刻苦努力,学风严谨,材料详实,推理严密,文字表述准确。 (二)优秀博士学位论文选题应为本学科前沿,有重要的理论意义和现实意义;在理论、试验或方法上有较大创新;取得突破性成果,达到国际或国内同类学科先进水平,具有好的社会和经济效益或应用前景。 (三)优秀硕士学位论文选题应在本学科范围内,有较高的理论意义、现实意义和应用价值;在理论、方法和实际应用上有创新点;取得重要成果,达到国内或省内相同学科先进水平,具有较好的社会和经济效益或应用前景。 (四)优秀博士学位论文作者在学期间除应发表满足《xx大学关于研究生在学期间发表学术论文的规定》的学术论文外,另至少再增加1篇被SCI、SCIE、EI、SSCI收录的或在国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部认定的管理科学重要期刊上发表的与学位论文内容相关的学术论文(本人为第一作者);优秀硕士学位论文作者在学期间除应发表满足《xx大学关于研究生在学期间发表学术论文的规定》的学术论文外,另至少再增加1篇在核心期刊上发表的与学位论文内容相关的学术论文(本人为第一作者)。与学位论文内容相关的研究成果获省部级科技成果奖(前二名)或授权国家发明专利(第一名)视同被SCI、SCIE、EI、SSCI收录学术论文1篇;与学位论文内容相关的研究成果通过省部级鉴定(前二名)或获市厅级科研成果奖(前二名)或授权国家实用新型专利(第一名)视同在核心期刊上发表学术论文1篇。 (五)学位论文满足下列条件之一: 1.“盲审”成绩平均分高于85分,最低分不少于80分。 —1—

江苏大学工程流体力学重点

江苏大学工程流体力学重点 -标准化文件发布号:(9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

第一章概论 1.流体质点:所谓流体质点就是流体中宏观尺寸非常小而微观尺寸又足够大的任意一个物理实体。数学描述:在流体中任一点A(x,y,z)处取一个微团V ?,当0 ?V时,这个流体微团趋于点A,称为 → 流体质点。 ①流体质点无线尺度;②流体质点具有宏观特性;③流体质点的物理量值为周围临界体积范围内物理量的统计平均值。 2.连续介质假设:流体是由无数连续分布的流体质点组成的连续介质,称为连续介质假设。 可运用连续函数论数学工具描述和分析流体运动。 连续介质和流体质点假设是对实际流体的数学抽象,就像几何学对自然物图形的抽象一样 只有在稀薄气体和激波层内等少数情况下,连续介质假设才不适用。 3.流体的粘性:粘性是流体抵抗剪切变形的一种属性,是流体运动时内部流层之间产生切应力(内摩擦力)的性质。 粘性内摩擦力产生的原因:(1)分子间吸引力产生的阻力 (2)分子不规则运动动量交换产生的阻力 影响粘性的因素:(1)压强压强越高,液体粘性系数越高,气体粘性系数越低 (2)温度温度越高,液体线性越低,气体粘性越高 4.理想流体/实际流体:完全没有粘性的流体/具有粘性的流体。

5.控制体:流场中某一确定不变的区域。 6.牛顿内摩擦定律的内容是什么? 答:流体内摩擦力的大小与流体的性质有关,与流体的速度梯度和粘度成正比。dy d νμτ= 7.牛顿流体和非牛顿流体:切应力和速度梯度之间的关系符合牛顿内摩擦定律的流体称为牛顿流体。否者称为非牛顿流体。 第二章 流体静力学 1.流体平衡状态有两种:一种是重力场中的平衡,即流体对地球没有相对运动;另一种是相对平衡,即流体相对容器或流体质点之间没有相对运动。 2.流体处于平衡状态时的压强称为流体静压强,用符号p 表示,单位为Pa (或N/㎡)。有两个基本特性: 流体静压强的方向与作用面垂直,并指向作用面的内法线方向。

相关文档
最新文档