英语专业四级听力考试中短文理解题型及应试技巧

英语专业四级听力考试中短文理解题型及应试技巧

大 众 文 艺

213摘要:全国英语专业四级考试已经成为衡量英语专业学生学习

技能的标准之一,新版英语专业四级考试大纲对听力考试部分有的新

的要求,本文主要对听力考试中短文理解部分的题型及应试技巧进行

了探讨。

关键词:短文理解;题型;应试技巧

Abstract :The TEM-4 has already become one of the standards

of weighing the learning skills of English major students. Meanwhile,

the new Syllabus for TEM4 sees a higher requirement for the listening

comprehension. This article analyzes the main types of questions in passages

for listening comprehension and put forward some useful testing skills.

Key words :TEM-4; types of questions; testing skills 随着英语教育在中国的普及和发展,教育的手段和媒介呈现出了新的态势,多媒体的广泛使用为英语学习者提供了多重途径去自我完善。这就迫切要求学习者掌握英语听说技能,尤其是听的技能。英语专业四级考试(TEM4)是由高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主办,为检验高等院校英语本科二年级学生英语水平和能力的专业性考试。随着该考试的深入和推广,英语专业四级考试证书得到了社会广泛的认可。在考试中,听力部分所占比重较大,难度较高,本文针对英语专业四级听力考试中短文理解部分进行探讨,以提高学生听力水平及应试能力。一、新考纲对听力部分的变化

为了提高英语专业四级考试的发展性和时效性,教育部对原有《英语专业四级考试大纲》(简称《大纲》)进行修改。在2002年成立考试大纲修订小组并于2004年审议并通过考试大纲,使得新《大纲》在2005年得以顺利实施。新《大纲》保留原有听写和听力理解部分。为适应考试要求和答题便捷,以长对话为题材的Section A代替原有听力考试中单句理解。与此同时,听力考试中还增加了短文理解作为Section B部分,另外,保留了原有新闻理解部分但缩短了整体答题时间,由此可见,新《大纲》在听力考试部分增加了难度。通过上述修改,新《大纲》在听力考试部分更侧重考察了学生对整体段落的听力理解能力和英语基础知识,同时利用对话篇幅的增加,对学生使用英语进行基本交际的能力进行考察。二、短文理解题型

根据新《大纲》要求,短文理解部分要求为篇幅在200词左右,语速为120词/分钟,阅读一遍。在短文选题上,采用了多样性的特点,其内容涵盖了涉及经济,文化,政治,风俗,历史等日常生活中的各个方面。通过从2005年至2009年英语专业四级考试中,可将题型分为如下几类:(一)细节题:在此类题型中,考察点集中在短文细节信息的描述上,这就要求学生具有良好的听力习惯,摒弃练习时只抓结构和中心思想的错误思想,要在对材料进行整体分析的同时,不丢掉相关细节信息,扎扎实实,广为收纳。针对此类细节问题不需要过多分析的特点,只要学生在听的过程中了解到相关信息,积累记录下来的信息点并对照试题选项就能容易的正确作答。针对这个特点,学生在听力练习时,要注意听写统一,能够在短时间内记录下短文中所有涉及到的信息点。考察点常围绕着短文中出现的数字、位置、时间和相关数据信息等。例:20. All of the following countries have strict roles about naming children EXCEPT(2009年真题) A. Algeria B. Germany C. Japan D. Argentina (二)判断题:此类型题是现阶段各考试中常见题型,通过对所听材料涉及到得信息进行比对,选出符合题意的一项。在出题的方式中通常可分为“正选”和“反选”两个方式,其询问方式分别为:According to the passage,which one is TRUE ?

(正选)Somebody does all the followings EXCEPT(反选) 例如:19. Throughout his life, Leonardo worked as all the following EXCEPT(2007年真题)A. a painter B. an engineer C. an architect D. a builder (三)词义理解题:指根据考试要求,在听力或阅读材料中会

按一定比例出现较为生僻的单词,通常在单词之前/后会出现考察词所表示的含义或动作。听者根据短文中表述的行为或特点,通过分析和鉴别来解释考察词在段落中的含义。例:What does the word “contribution” mean in the context?(四)主旨题:要求考生在听完一段短文后,对所听材料中所涉及到得信息量加以综合,分析出短文中心主旨及作者写作目的是什么,通常需要考生具备较高的逻辑能力和分析能力。例:What is the passage mainly about?A. Beehives B. Bee C. The queen bees D. The work bees 三、应试技巧

(一)“宏观”意识:指的是对考生外界敏感性的培养,对

世界的了解,在学好本学科专业知识的同时,开阔眼界,了解世界人文,地理,科教,卫生等方面。培养对热点问题的关注度,了解国内外经济政治形势。利用所掌握的热点问题应用到文章的分析中去,不但会加深对材料的深度了解,甚至可凭借已掌握的时事热点直接在试题中找到相关问题的答案。“宏观”意识还体现在社会背景及思维方式上来。通过不同社会的国体,政体的分析,可了解到不同国家针对同一事件的不同处理方式。事物的产生和发展有其独特的内因,但周围的环境也会对其产生积极或消极的影响,通过对环境的了解可直观的判

断出考察材料中某一国家对某一事物的态度。在对现象分析过程中,学生要结合英美人的思维方式,利用英美人惯用的思维和逻辑方式去记录信息,会对细节题的解决有所帮助。(二)“微观”意识:指的是考生对考试的形式和相关变化要有足够的了解,通过对试题和大纲的分析,了解历年试题的细微变化,通过对变化的分析,能够抓住考察的趋势,这样,学生对专业英语四级考试的复习会更有针对性。除此之外,“微观”还应该体现在对试题题干的分析上,在历年的试题中常出现反向判断等干扰性很强的试题,如不仔细审阅题干,常常会出现所做答案非所问的现象。(三)技能训练:在英语听力的训练过程中,学生要了解英语自身逻辑性的特点,在意群衔接处常常会出现表示递进或转折的连词,例如“besides, moreover, but, despite, even

though, however, yet”等,通过对连词的了解可推断出文章上下文的承接关系,有利于加深对文章的理解。在英语短文中,抓住关键句也是技能训练的重点之一,在英语段落中,常常会出现一句话或一个词来表示本段的主旨,通过对英语文章听力的训练,培养对关键句/词的敏感度,了解关键句/词常出现的位置,对提升阅读和听力速度会有所帮助。手脑结合是学习英语行之有

效的方法,在听力训练中尤为如此。在听力训练的过程中,要提炼并快速记录相关信息点,边听边记,达到手脑的高度统一,从而达到对有效信息全面而完整的记录。(四)心态调整:心理素质可以影响考生的现场发挥。在听力考试中,由于其时间短,速度快,重复性低的特点,此类影响尤为明显。这就容易使考生产生畏惧心理,在考试开始之前由于只考虑听的阶段如何认真而忽略了准备阶段的各项工作。就会造成在听的过程中总会出现不同的小事故,继而越发紧张,导致精神不能集中,甚至慌乱。在听力考试某一节结束时,由于漏听、

混听导致信息采集不够,绞尽脑汁回想听过的内容,影响了下一节内容的摄取。这就要求学生放松心态,以客观认真的态度去

看待此类考试,保持平稳的心情,集中精力,细致的做好考前准

备工作,在答题过程中做到有舍有得,快速的进入到下一题中的角色。多练习,多模拟,营造真实的考试环境,深入了解考试流程,做到心中有数,处事不惊。参考文献

[1]高校英语专业四级考试大纲修订小组.高校英语专业四级考试大纲

(2004年新版)?前言[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004.[2]张民伦等.英语听力入门[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1996.

[3]张东昌等.英语听力技巧与训练[M].青岛:青岛出版社,1996.[4]张艳莉. 英语专业四级听力[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2008.

英语专业四级听力考试中 短文理解题型及应试技巧

荣楠楠 (黑龙江省牡丹江师范学院 157012)教育理论

听力理解答题技巧

听力理解答题技巧 表1:听力考试时间分配表

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英语专业四级TEM4听力听写原文1993—2013

英语专业四级考试1993年——203年听写原文 1993 Package Holidays Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination.Everything is laid on for you.There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves.You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people.This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling.Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short.There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before. (1994) The American Family The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse co mbinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone. (1995) Unidentified Flying Objects There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.

四级听力 4招巧解短文理解

Lecture 2第二讲4招巧解短文理解 短文理解所含的信息量相对较大,不仅要求考生在听的过程中捕捉到具体的语言细节,还要求考生从语篇上对短文有整体性的把握和理解。因此,考生必须掌握一些有针对性的解题步骤和解题技巧,这样才能在考试时做到游刃有余。第一招:听音前预测内容和问题听音前快速浏览选项可以大致推测出文章的主要内容,通过纵向、横向比较各题选项能够发现一些重要的提示信息,如短文可能涉及的内容、问题可能考查的内容等。另外,通过提炼选项要点,还可以确定听音时应重点关注的细节信息,有针对性地记笔记。 听前预测的成败主要取决于考生对短文理解设题特点的熟悉程度、对选项要点的提炼和分析能力、以及对短文涉及内容的背景知识的熟悉程度。 【例1】(07 12 Passage One) 【预览选项】 26. [A]They care a lot about children. [B]They need looking after in their old age. [C]They want to enrich their life experience. [D]They want children to keep them company. 27.[A]They are usually adopted from distant places. [B]Their birth information is usually kept secret. [C]Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information. [D]Their adoptive parents don t want them to know their birt h parents. 【预测信息】 预览四道题各选项,由选项中多次出现的children,adopted,birth parents,natural parents,adoptive parents等可推知,本文与收养孩子有关。 26. 选项都是与“they”的需求有关,根据选项[A]和[D]中的宾语children以及之前对主题的预测可知,本题很可能是问收养孩子的原因。 27. 根据各选项内容可知,they,their在此处都是指“被收养的孩子”。由[B]、[C]选项28.[A]They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents. [B]They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents. [C]They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents. [D]They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search. 29.[A]Early adoption makes for closer parent child relationship. [B]Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas. [C]Understanding is the key to successful adoption. [D]Adoption has much to do with love.中出现的birth information可知,本题很可能是问被收养的孩子不知道他们的出生信息的原因。 28.根据各选项内容可知,they在此处指“被收养的孩子”。由各选项中的bad feelings…,hurt the feelings…,mixed feelings…可知,本题应该是关于“被收养的孩子对他们的亲生父母与养父母的感情”。[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项都与此有关,只有[D]是关于费用的,故其为答案的可能性较小。 29. 四个选项主题各异,由此可知本题很可能是对文中某点进行提问。在听音时应重点关注与选项相关的信息。 【听音验证】 When couples get married, they usually plan to have children. Sometimes, however, a couple can not have a child of their own. In this case, they may decide to adopt a child. In fact, adoption is

英语四级听力原文及答案200906

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