高中动词讲解大全及物非及物动词和时态非谓语动词及介词

第二章动词七十二变

一．实战演练

语法填空：I advised you (stop) (think of) (go) abroad recently. 改错：Many fail to recognizing that all these things are good.

The number of students in my school have risen from 200 to 600.

判断对错：史密斯先生来这儿五天了。

Mr. Smith has come here for five days.

Mr. Smith has been here for five days.

Mr. Smith came here five days ago.

It is five days since Mr. Smith came here.

Five days has passed since Mr. Smith came here.

判断对错：How long have you come here?

How long have you been here?

When did you come here?

二．动词之及物不及物（动作完整）

简单句-五大句型

主谓I come

主谓宾I miss you

主谓宾宾You give me your heart

主谓宾宾补You make me happy

主系表you are my little apple

不及物动词误用作及物动词

误: deal a problem 正：deal with a problem处理问题

误: depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠(依赖）某人

误: rely sb./sth. 正：rely on sb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人（某物）

误: insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事

误: knock the door 正：knock at/on the door敲门

误: operate sb. 正：operate on sb.为某人做手术

误: participate sth. 正：participate in sth.参加某事

误: refer sth. 正：refer to sth.查阅（参考）某物

误: reply a letter 正：reply to a letter回信

注意：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物,如insist, reply等动词后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物

及物动词误用作不及物动词

三．有两个以上动词（动作）的简单句

我爱篮球

I love basketball. 第1变：变非动词

我爱打篮球简单句中的+ 动词

I love playing basketball.

我想去打篮球

I want to go to play basketball.

四．动词（动作）之延续不延续

4.1非延续性动词(只限肯定式)表示的动作短暂，不能持续；不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

4.2非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如：The train has arrived.

Have you joined the computer group?

非延续性动词（动作）的用法

4.3非延续性动词一般不可与how long连用。

4.4非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.

4.5非延续性动词不能用于进行时态，若是进行时态形式则表示将来时态的含义。

如：I’m leaving for Lanzhou.

4.6非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成“not+非延续性动词+until/till ...”的句型，意为“直到……才……”。

如：You can’t leave here until I arrive.

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.

4.7非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。

如：He hasn’t left here since 1986.

I haven’t heard from my father for two weeks.

附表转换：

非延续性延续性非延续性延续性

延续性动词的用法

4. 1延续性动词用于现在完成时，可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。

如：He has lived here for 6 years.

I have learned English since I came here.

4.2延续性动词不能与“点时间”状语连用。

比较：It rained at eight yesterday morning.

It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.

又如： --When did you get to know Jack? --Two years ago.

--Then you’ve known each other for more than two years.

--That’s right.

九．谓语动词的时态

一、一般现在时的用法

【概念】

表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

【用法】

1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。句中常用always, often, usually, seldom, every day等时间状语。特别注意动词的第三人称单数形式，也就是主谓一致原则。另everyday也可用于过去，将来时+in the past/future.

【例句】

The boy often takes a taxi to school. 这个男孩经常乘坐出租车去学校。

【考题链接】

Walmart, one of the largest American supermarket chains,

some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.

A keep

B kept

C have kept

D keeps

2. 表示客观真理或客观事实。

【例句】

Light travels in a straight line. 光沿直线传播。

【考题链接】

“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step”

A. has shown

B. is showing

C. shows

D. showed

3. 表示按计划、规定要发生的动作，句中都带有时间状语。常常表示火车、汽车、轮船、飞机、学校上课等时间安排。

【例句】

The train starts at nine in the morning.

火车早上九点钟开。

【考题链接】

—Have you read the timetable ?

—Yes. The train ________ at 10:12 p.m..

A. will start

B. is going to start

C. should start

D. starts

4. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

【例句】

If you come this afternoon, we will have a meeting.

如果今天下午你来，我们就开会。

【考题链接】

—When will you come to see me，Dad?

—I will go to see you when you ____________ the training course.

A. will have finished

B. will finish

C. are finishing

D. finish

【即学即练】

1. —Whose English is better, John or Tom?

—They have advantages in different aspects. Tom spends as much time reading as John _________.

A. writes

B. does writing

C. is writing

D. does write

2. Come and see me whenever _______________.

A. you are convenient

B. you will be convenient

C. it is convenient for you

D. it will be convenient to you

二、一般过去时的用法

【概念】

在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day前几天, in 1982等。动词过去式的变化规则。

【用法】

表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。

【例句】

During the vacation I often swam in the sea.

假期期间我常在海中游泳。

I saw this film yesterday.

【考题链接】

—This is a wonderful book.

—Who ___________ it?

A. writes

B. has written

C. wrote

D. had written

【即学即练】

1. Judy is going to marry the sailor she ____ in Rome last year.

A. meets

B. met

C. has met

D. would meet

2. I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book—I __________it to you this morning!

A. would lend

B. was lending

C. had lent

D. lent

三、一般将来时的用法

【概念】

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常见形式为：will / shall ＋动词原形；be going to＋动词原形；be＋v. ing；be to (be about to)＋动词原形结构等。

【用法】

1. 这种结构是表示将来的动作或状态。常伴有表示将来的时间状语。shall用于第一人称，will常用于第二、三人称，但在现代英语中will可以通用于各种人称。在问句中shall常用于第一人称表示建议或征求对方意见。常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning / afternoon …, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month …, from now on (从现在开始)，in an hour (一小时后)，in two days / weeks等。

【例句】

—Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。

—I’ll do it in a minute. 我马上就去（端）。——当事人（临时）当下做出的决定【考题链接】

—Ann is in hospital.

—Oh, really? I ______ know. I ________go and visit her.

A. didn’t; am going to

B. don’t; would

C. don’t; will

D. didn’t; will

2. “be going to＋动词原形”表示说话人的主观意图/推测，即打算在最近或将来要做某事。I am going to have an interview tomorrow/to be late.

3. “be to +动词原形”表示按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。The president is to hold a news conference.

4. “be about＋动词不定式”表示最近或马上要发生的动作，其后不接时间状语结构。The plane is about to take off起飞/land on降落/taxi滑行.

【考题链接】

—_________ leave at the end of this month.

—I don’t think you should do that until___________ another job.

A. I’m going to; you’d found

B. I’m going to; you’ve found

C. I’ll; you’ll find

D. I’ll; you’d find

【即学即练】

1. —When ___________ again?

—When he ___________, I’ll let you know.

A. will he come; will come

B. will he come; come

C. he comes; comes

D. will he come; comes

2. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, __________ visit Beijing this summer.

A. is going to

B. are going to

C. was going to

D. were going to

四、现在进行时的用法

【用法】

1. 表示说话时正在发生的动作，谓语：be+doing。

2. 说话时不一定在进行，但那个时间背景下正在发生的动作。

3. 某些动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。常见的动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, start, stay, return, take off等。

4. always, often, constantly始终如一地, frequently, forever等副词和现在进行时态连用，表达说话人的某种情感，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。【例句】

He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。

【考题链接】

—I’m not finished with my dinner yet.

—But our friends ___________for us.

A. will wait

B. wait

C. have waited

D. are waiting

【即学即练】

1. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.

A. have damaged

B. are damaging

C. damaged

D. will

2. —Have you got any job offers?

—No. I __________.

A. waited

B. had been waiting

C. have waited

D. am waiting

注意：一般现在时和现在进行时的区别

I live in the country I am living in the country

长期短暂

I read newspapers in the morning. I am reading newspapers in the morning.

习惯临时

五、过去进行时的用法

【概念】

表示过去某一时刻, 某一阶段正在进行的动作，由“was (were)+现在分词”构成。【用法】

1. 表示过去某一时刻, 某一阶段正在进行的动作。

2. 与always, forever, constantly连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。

【考题链接】

—I thought Gao Hui and her friend were in the cinema seeing the film “Let The Bullets Fly”yesterday evening.

—Impossible. She __________ TV with me in my home then.

A. watched

B. had watched

C. would watch

D. was watching

【即学即练】

The telephone ___________, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.

A. had rung

B. was ringing

C. rings

D. has rung

注意：一般过去时和过去进行时的区别

Mary read a book yesterday. Mary was reading a book yesterday.

过去动作过去结束了过去的画面——正在进行

六、将来进行时的用法

形式：。。。Will be doing 。。。

一般将来时VS将来进行时

七、现在完成时的用法

【概念】

表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，谓语结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词。

【用法】

1.现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去, 持续到现在, 也许还会持续下去。常与so far, recently, lately近来, already, just, yet, never, up to now, ever since, since then, for a long time, in the last three years等时间状语连用。

2.否定句的谓语结构：助动词have/has not+过去分词。

3.一般疑问句：助动词have/has+主语+动词的过去分词。

肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答：No,主语+have/has not.

4. 一般过去时和现在完成时辨析

我钱包不见了。翻译：

我娶了她/我娶她了。翻译：

我在这工作。翻译：

【考题链接】

—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I ____________ the piano for years.

A. don’t play

B. wasn’t playing

C. haven’t played

D. hadn’t played

My good friend __________his hometown since 10 years ago.

A. has left

B. left

C. has been away from

D. was away from

2. 非延续性动词，如come, go, die, marry, buy, leave, begin, start, put on, borrow等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。如果这类动词要和段时间连用，就必须转变成相应的表示延续性动作的词/短语。如：

leave die buy put on borrow come begin/start

be away be dead have wear keep be in be on

【例句辨析】

I have bought the calculator for a week. （）

I have woken up for 30 minutes. （）

I have married her for 7 years. （）

I have had the calculator for a week.

We got married 7 years ago.

We have been married for 7 years.

It has been 30 minutes since I wake up.

【考题链接】

1. For many years, people ____________ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.

A. had dreamed of

B. have dreamed of

C. dreamed of

D. dream of

2. So far this year we __________ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.

A. saw

B. see

C. had seen

D. have seen

3. 她去上海了。区别：过去时不能告诉你现在，现完时可以告诉你现在的情况。She went to Shanghai. She has gone to Shanghai.

今天早上我没看到那两只臭熊。

I didn’t see the twins this morning. 不知道说话人现在是在上午还是。。。

I haven’t see the twins this morning. 说话人现在是在上午

影响

时间

八、过去完成时态的用法

【概念】

表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，即过去的过去。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。谓语结构：助动词had+动词的过去分词。【用法】

1. 表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。

2. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。

3.否定句的谓语结构：助动词had not+过去分词。

4.一般疑问句：助动词had+主语+动词的过去分词。

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not.

【例句】

Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 睡觉之前，他工作了12小时。

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

我原本希望你能来，但是你却没来。

【考题链接】

I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ___________ it. Was it you?

A. has done

B. had done

C. would do

D. will do

【即学即练】

The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _________ some European business partners.

A. would meet

B. is meeting

C. meets

D. had met

翻译：我住的那个宾馆不是特别好，但是我之前还住过更差的呢。

The hotel in which I stayed wasn’t very good but I had stayed in many worse hotels. 九．将来完成时：形式：。。。will have/has done。。。

九大时态表

十．系动词和感官动词

感官动词

( )1.Do you often hear John____in his room?-yes.Listen!Now we can hear him____in his room.

A sing;to sing

B singing;singing

C sing;singing

D to sing;singing

( )2.I often see her ____ in the park.

A running

B to run

C runs

D run

( ) 3. ----Have you ever heard the song Welcome to Beijing? ---Yes, it _______ nice.

A. hears

B. sounds

C. looks

D. Listens

( ) 4. The girl's voice sounds_____. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. A. sweet B. sweetly C. Beautifully D.beautiful ( ) 5. ----What is Mum cooking in the kitchen? ---Fish, I guess. How nice it _________!

A. looks

B. sounds

C. tastes

D. smells

( )6.The table______ very smooth.（光滑的）

A looks

B turns

C feels

D smells

( )7.---Do you like the shirt?---Yes,it ____very soft.

A felt

B is feeling

C is felt

D feels

( )8.You ____ very pale.（苍白的）

A are sounding

B are looking

C are feeling

D are seeing

( )9.These apples taste_____.

A to be good

B to be well

C well

D good

( ) 10. ----Which of those radios sounds ________?

----The smallest one. (09无锡)

A. good

B. well

C. better

D. best

( ) 11. Grandma, you must feel ________ after cleaning the house. Let’s take a rest. (09淮安)

A. tired

B. well

C. good

D. angry

( )12. The music in the supermarket sounded so _____ that I wanted to leave at once. (09常州)

A. soft

B. wonderful

C. friendly

D. noisy

( ) 13. In the Science Museum, the children felt _____ to see so many ______ things. (08镇江)

A.surprised; amazed

B. surprising; amazing

C. surprising; amazed

D. surprised; amazing

词汇：

1. Don't get _________(patient) about your personal trouble. (08无锡)

2. He seemed __________(friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's

warm

and kind. (08徐州)

3. The weather today becomes even ________(bad). Why not take a raincoat with you? (08宿迁)

4. If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is __________(polite). (08宿迁)

5. If you don't see the doctor at once, you'll get even __________(ill) later on. (08泰州)

6. I like listening to light music. It can make me feel _______(relax) (09镇江)

7. This question is very ________(容易的). Every one of us can answer it. (09宿迁)

8. The illness can make you feel tired and _________(not strong) (09宿迁)

9. The mother looked _______(angry) at her naughty daughter. (09宿迁)

六．非谓语动词

测试

1.The island, to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.

A joining

B to join

C joined

D having joined

2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.

A says

B said

C to say

D saying

3. While （walk）his dog in the park yesterday afternoon,Bob heard someone shouting for help in the distance.

4. I am not interested in pop music,because I often have difficulty （understand）the words.

to do的意义

语态：主动

to do

状态：未发生

I want to go to visit my friend.

She invited me to come.

To catch the bus,he ran as fast as he can.目的状语

doing的意义

语态：主动

doing

状态：进行

He finished reading the book yesterday

The woman giving us oral lessons is from America. = The woman who gives us oral lessons is from America.

Walking along the street,we found a purse lying on the ground.=When we walked along the street,we found a purse lying on the ground.

小测：To do PK doing

He is advised （stop）（think of）（go）abroad in these two years.

done的意义

语态：被动

done

状态：已发生，完成

A retired teacher is cleaning the fallen leaves at school. 完成

一位退休教师在清理学校的落叶。

The terrified boy doesn’t like fried chips. 被动

这个被吓坏了的男孩不喜欢炸薯条。

To do PK doing PK Done

1.have（make/let使役动词）sb. do sth.——The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.

2.have sb./sth, doing sth.——The two men had their lights burning all night long.

3.have sth. Done——The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机让他的车一周

被洗一次

状语从句的简化

例一：To finish my homework,I didn't sleep until 12 o'clock=I work until 12 o'clock for I was to finish my homework.

例二：Knowing the answers,I felt very happy=When I knew the answers,I felt very happy. While standing in front of the teacher,Mary was nervous.=While Mary was standing in front of the teacher,she was nervous.

例三：Seen from the hill,my home is smaller than a car=When it is seen from the hill,my home is smaller than a car.

Given more time,we can do the work pleasantly=If we are given more time,we can do the work pleasantly.

定语从句的简化

1.I have a large family to support.= I have a large family that I need to support.

He is a pleasant person to work with.=He is a pleasant person who we can work with.

2. This is the factory making cars=This is the factory which/that made cars.

3. We like the movie directed by Feng Xiaogang= We like the movie which is directed by Feng Xiaogang.

To be done PK Done

The meeting yesterday was very important. (hold)

PK The meeting tomorrow is very important.

to do 动词不定式doing 1.动名词;2现在分词done过去分词

主语To see is to

believe/To play with fire is dangerous

Seeing is believing/Playing

with fire is dangerous（1）

无

宾语I want to eat

apples I like eating apples（1）I have my hair cut

（宾补）

助谓I am to play

basketball（时态需要）

I am playing basketball（时态

需要）

I have eaten apples

（时态需要）

介宾无I am good at playing

basketball（1）

无

to be done

实战演练

With a lot of homework (do),I can't go out to play.

作业没做完,我不能出去玩

With a lot of homework (do),I go out to play

大量的作业做完了,我（才）出去玩.

with a lot of different problems ,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A.settled

B.settling

C.to settle

D.to be settled

With time (go) by,we are more and more healthy. 随着

With the flower (water),I could go outside.

With some work (do),I cannot play games.

语法填空：Yangshuo,China

It was raining lightly when I___61___ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours___62___, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with___63___ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops

and dark waters of the Li River___64___are pictured by artists in so many Chinese___65___ (painting). Instead, I’d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away___66___car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo___67___ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers___68___ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it___69___ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people___70___ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.