【文本案例】文化教学：中国文化与跨文化交际

翻译研究的语篇分析模式及其意义(二)

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跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)

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跨文化交际案例

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跨文化交际论文中文

浅谈跨文化交际 【摘要】在中西跨文化交际中，文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜，严重影响了交往的顺利进行，因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因，并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际的能力，避免文化冲突。 【关键词】跨文化交际、文化差异、文化冲突 随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入，西方社会的人和事物越来越多地走进了我们的视野，在这种情况下，跨国域、跨民族、跨文化的经济和社会交往将会与日俱增，这就为我们提供了许多与西方人接触和交往的机会，这对于加深我们的西方社会的理解是一件好事，但这并不是一件简单的事情，因为我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家，思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的人，在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象。 一．中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化冲突 在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化冲突有很多种，在这里我们不可能一一叙述，只能列出比较常见的几种。 1.隐私方面的冲突 中国人的隐私观念比较薄弱，认为个人要归属于集体，在一起讲究团结友爱，互相关心，故而中国人往往很愿意了解别人的酸甜苦辣，对方也愿意坦诚相告。而西方人则非常注重个人隐私，讲究个人空间，不愿意向别人过多提及自己的事情，更不愿意让别人干预。因此在隐私问题上中西双方经常发生冲突，例如：中国人第一次见面往往会

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跨文化交际案例分析

跨文化交际案例分析 LEKIBM standardization office【IBM5AB- LEKIBMK08- LEKIBM2C】

Case Study 1 Age and Status 两位同事的矛盾使一家数据处理公司的总经理遇到了麻烦。一方是一位踌躇满志的法裔加拿大小伙子，另一方是一位有特许签证的年长的中国女性，而此前两人确实很好的合作伙伴….. Case description: A manager in a data-processing company was having difficulty dealing with a conflict between a young, ambitious French Canadian male and his co-worker, an older Chinese woman who was on a special visa from China. She had recently become uncooperative and had made it clear to the manager that she would not be willing to travel to the capital with her co-worker to hold discussion with legislators about a new product with great enthusiasm. When the manager asked her what the problem was, he received no clear explanation. When he asked her co-worker, the young man had no insights to offer. The young French Canadian was clearly annoyed, however, that the Chinese woman was refusing to share her data with him. That meant he couldn’t make the presentation to the legislators because she had all the key data on her computer disks. The manager repeated questions to her but her “problem” got nowhere. So he changed his approach. He began explaining his concerns, as manger and as spokesperson for the company, about the upcoming meeting with legislators. His explanation about his position was unemotional. In that climate she then felt she could explain her position. She revealed she felt that that as an older, and to her mind, more senior person, she should not be sent to the capitol with a younger employee who would do the presentation of material she had worked hard to develop. That would diminish her status, she felt. The general manger knew the root of his headache. Questions: 1．What do you think caused the conflict? 2. What would you do to resolve the conflict if you were the general manager? 矛盾冲突 这位年长的中国女士投入极大的热情和精力开发产品．却在最后的关键时刻拒绝与年轻的同事一同去向议员做推介：当经理和同事问其原因．她并未做任何明确的回答：而当经理改变策略，不再直接询问原因，而是迂回地讲起自己的困境时，她才道出自己的顾虑。在这位资深年长的中国女士看来，同一位比她年轻的同事一同去国会，并且由对方来做推介会影响到她的地位和威信，因此她无法同意： 原因分析 造成这一矛盾的文化因素有两方面．对地位、年龄的不同态度以及这种不同的表达方式。人对权力的认识因文化背景的不同而不同。根据霍夫斯特的调查研

跨文化交际试卷A及答案

Part ⅠDecide whether the following 10 statements are True or False. Write the answers in the blanks. (2% for each, 20%) 1. People do not exchange greetings with people almost every day. 2. If you want to know where a person was born, you can ask “Where are you originally from?” 3. For women, in more informal business situations, should dress in a conservative suit or a well tailored dress. 4. Conversations about children and family usually do not have their place in “networking ” situations for business. 5. At conventions, it is absolutely necessary to participate or at least make an appearance at most organized functions. 6. If you are the hostess, don ’t insist that someone else drink and don ’t over serve. 7. There are enough people in the world who have problems mastering vehicles and phones individually. 8. It is advisable not to wear the earpiece when we are not on the phone. 9. Overdrinking alcohol can lower a person ’s inhibitions and alter his judgment. 10. Most meetings are unnecessary; they are just a way of making people feel important. Part Ⅱ Translate the following sentences into English. (3% for each, 15%) 1. 在地球村里，国家就像一个大家庭，各大洲就像是邻居。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

跨文化交际案例分析答题技巧

汉硕案例分析答题技巧 最近很多人问关于汉语国际教育考试中的案例分析题该怎样答，我根据自己的粗浅经验，现总结如下： 1.答题思路：按照发现问题-- 分析问题-- 解决问题的思路。具体如下：（1）发现问题：也就是提出问题。在所给的案例中，某个出国教汉语的志愿者教师或来中国教外语的外教等，遇到了什么样的困难。遇到的困难可能是课堂教学时的，比如学生上课都不积极回答问题，不愿意参与老师精心设计的课堂活动，或者问老师一些可能涉及到“隐私”的问题；也可以是这位老师在生活上遇到的问题，比如无法与当地人沟通或交流（语言障碍，文化障碍），无法适应当地人的生活，或不理解当地人做某事时为什么会采取那样的方式，等等。注意：遇到的问题可能是多方面的，要从多角度分析，一般情况下，也不只是一个问题，所以，要按条来答。 （2）分析问题：要求你具体分析一下这位老师或某人遇到这种困难是什么原因引起的，主要是文化方面的原因，可能还涉及到一些他所采用的文化策略等。比如，他由于对对方国家文化不了解，对方国家可能很注重“隐私”，而在我们国家这不被看做是“隐私”。同时要求你分析出我们的母语文化具有什么样的特点，最主要的是和对方国家有什么不一样，哪里不一样，因此造成了他在文化方面的不适应，以至于教学和生活中都出现了问题或遇到了困难。关于他所使用的文化策略，主要就是他自身有没有做到尊重当地的文化，有没有试着去融入这种文化，接受这种文化，还是一味的采取排斥策略，认为自己的一切都好，别人的一切都不好。这就是分析问题了。 （3）解决问题：这是最关键的部分了。怎么解决他遇到的问题或困难？你自己提出个对策就行了，当然，要根据一些你所知道的文化常识和应对策略。比如首先尊重当地文化，多和当地人交流，努力让自己适应当地人的文化和生活方式，做到求同存异，等等。这里需要注意的就是，有些文化的知识是很灵活的，比如中国人的谦虚、中庸的思想等等，都是我们日常生活就知道的，就是稍微总结一下，理顺一下，就能答题了。关于这个，如果时间还来得及，就看一下程裕祯的《中国文化要略》，看一下中国文化的特点等，很多东西是很细致的，自己要稍加总结。如果时间不是很充分了，就把刘珣的《对外汉语教育学引论》上的关于“跨文化交际”的那个章节仔细看一下，我觉得应对这道题应该够用了。 2.答题方法：其实思路清晰了就很好弄了，老师会看你的逻辑分析能力。强烈建议大家一定要分条论述，千万别想到哪说到哪，写出一大片，阅卷老师还得自己去给你找点，这样，老师会很疲劳的，老师最不喜欢的就是这种思维混乱的。所以说，大家答题时我觉得可以按两种方法来写： 第一种：按发现问题---分析问题---解决问题来写，一共三条，然后在每条的下边分几个小点，因为发现的问题肯定不止一个，相应的分析问题和解决问题也会不止一条。 第二种：按一共出现了几个问题分条，第一条，问题1：发现问题--分析问题--解决问题；问题2：发现问题--分析问题--解决问题；问题3--以此类推。 总结一下，以上两种方法都各有利弊，因为有时不同的问题是由同一个原因产生的，或者需要同一种解决策略。所以，大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择其中一种。按以上的问题全部分析完以后，最好再来个综述，大致总结一下，字数不用太多，就是有个小结尾。 最后，要跟大家说的是，字数和字迹的问题。这个案例分析要求是1000字以上

跨文化交际论文

跨文化交际论文 学院：水产与生命学院专业：水产养殖专业10-4 姓名：黄运佳 学号：1001110411

浅谈中西方语言文化和饮食的差异 1.语言文化差异 语文是社会的产物，是人类历史和文化的结晶。它凝聚着一个民族世代相传的社会意识，历史文化，风俗习惯等各方面人类社会所有的特征。不同的文化背影和文化传统，使中西方在思维方式，价值观念，行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在有相当的文化差异。语文是文化的载体，词汇是文化信息的浓缩，是语言的重要组成部分，它反映着文化的发展和变化，同时也直接反映着文化的差异。 在中国两千多年的封建社会历史的过程中，儒家思想一直占据着根深蒂固的弦统治地位，对中国社会产生了极其深刻而久远的影响。中国人向来以自我贬仰的思想作为处世经典，这便是以儒家的“中庸之道”作为行为的基本准则。“中”是儒家追求的理想境界，人生处世要以儒家仁、义、礼、智、信的思想道德观念作为每个人的行为指南，接人待物，举止言谈要考虑温、良、恭、俭、让，以谦虚为荣，以虚心为本，反对过分地显露自己表现自我。因此，中国文化体现出群体性的文化特征，这种群体性的文化特征是不允许把个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上的。 西方国家价值观的形成至少可追溯到文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴的指导思想是人文主义，即以崇尚个人为中心，宣扬个人主义至上，竭力发展自己表现自我。“谦虚”这一概念在西方文化中的价值是忽略不计的。生活中人们崇拜的是“强者”“英雄”。有本事，有才能的强者得到重用，缺乏自信的弱者只能落伍或被无情地淘汰。因此，西方文化体现出个体文化特征，这种个体性文化特征崇尚个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上。 正因为如此，中西两种文化在对某些单词所带有褒贬色彩上有差异。如：ambition一词，本身具有褒贬两种含义。中国人用其贬义，表示“野心勃勃”，而英美人则取其褒义，表示“雄心壮志”。Aggressive一词，中国人常用来形容某人“挑衅”“好斗”，而美国人则用来形容某人“进取上进，有开拓精神”。 我国的群体性文化，非常重视家庭亲友关系，把它视为组成社会的细胞；而在西方国家，崇尚独立自主自强自立。中国人重视传统的君臣，父子，论资排辈，等级森严，而在英美国家，长辈与晚辈间地位平等，不计较老少界限，多以朋友相处。中国人的传统观念历来崇尚“四世同堂”“合家团圆”，自古就有“父母在，不远游”的良言古训；而在英美国家，18岁的子女仍住在家里依靠父母生活是不可思议的事情，他们必须依靠自己的双手去独立生活。同样，年龄大的父母即使失去了生活自理能力，一般也不会拖累子女，他们往往要住进老人院，由社会关照。 文化的不同带来价值观念的在不相同。如lod一词，中国人历来就有“尊老敬老”的传统。“老”在中文里表达尊敬的概念，如老祖宗，老爷爷，老先生等。“老张”，“老王”，透着尊敬和亲热，“张老”“王老”更是尊崇有加。中国人往往以年龄大为荣。和别人谈话时，年龄越大，资格越老，也就越会得到别人的尊敬。“姜还是老的辣”。在我们看来，长者不仅是智慧的化身，也是威望的象征。然而，西方国家极少有人愿意倚老卖老而自称”old”。在他们看来，“old”是“不中用”的代名词，是和“不合潮流”“老而无用”的含义连在一起的。英美人不喜欢别人说自己老，更不会倚老卖老。在西方文化中，他们把年龄作为个人极为重要的隐私看待。尤其是女士，更忌讳别人问自己的年龄。即使愿意谈论自己的年龄，也要别人猜测其年龄，而此时，他们的真正目的的期望别人恭维他们看上去比实际年龄小，是多么年轻。又如，英美人忌讳莫深的fat一词，见人说fat会令人沮丧不快而且反感。说到fatmeat （肥肉）多半会被认为是毫无价值的该扔掉的废物。而中国人见了小孩子说“胖嘟嘟”“胖乎乎”，表示对孩子的喜爱，对成年男子说fat有“发福”之义，对成年女子讲fat有“丰满”

跨文化交际案例

跨文化交际案例 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

日本 中日称谓方式 如中国人对成年男士的称呼多为“先生”,这是一种社交场合对对方的尊称 事实上,日本人使用“先生”这一称呼的范围比中国人小得多,一般只用于学校的教师、医生、议员和艺术家。此外,中国人很少称女士为“先生”,而日本人则不分性别,只要属于这一范围的均可称作“先生”。 另外,日本人在称呼对方时习惯于拉近上下辈的距离以表示亲密,而中国人则正好相反,往往要抬高对方的辈份以示尊敬。因此,在日本,小学生对20多岁的人称作“哥哥”、“姐姐”,而在中国则称作“叔叔”、“阿姨”;再比如,小学生对50多岁的人称作“叔叔”、“阿姨”,而在中国就要称作“爷爷”、“奶奶”了。 寒暄 日本人每日初次见面除了互道一声“早上好”之外,必定要围绕天气寒暄一番,例如:“今天天气真好啊!”“今天真冷啊!”“今天真热啊!”“连日阴雨,真叫人烦闷”等等。而中国人除彼此问好外,最常用的寒暄问候语也就是“饭吃了吗?”“你上哪去?” 中国人之间初次见面为表示亲密,喜欢打听一些与对方生活、家庭、工作有关的事。以示看重和关心对方。日本人则不会。 敬意表达 1自谦 2自责经常在社交场合用自责言语以求的人际关系的和睦。踩脚（中国人：踩的人道歉；日本人：被踩的道歉。）迟到（中国人：来晚的道歉；日本人：来早的道歉） 3致谢致谢必须铭记在心，感恩要求极为严格。

4否定表达中国人直接日本人会绕很大的弯子，只为缓和气氛（是非观的差异）思维方式 中国人：论辩为主 日本人：体察为主 德国 德国人重视法律：中国人重视道德 这是我的权力，我有权这样做；你有权这样做但这样做不道德 德国人靠大脑来感觉；中国人靠心 德国人理性，有严格的纪律；中国人感性，会随心所欲，会冲动。 德国贝多芬伟大令人倾倒不浪漫，要求音乐的精准和完美，对音乐严肃认真。 肖邦诗意又浪漫 德国人不灵活，中国人应变能力强 请客请两个人就只准备两个人；中国人则无所谓会准备很多 德国人冷静中国人客套 不喜欢恭维，恭维是一种谦虚的表达 德国人喜欢喝中国人喜欢吃 数小时喝酒；数小时吃饭。 德国人慢中国人快 井井有条；粗枝大叶 德国人喜欢喝啤酒中国人喜欢喝茶 坐在公园里喝酒，坐在公园茶馆里喝茶 德国人靠耳朵享受中国人靠舌头享受

大学英语跨文化交际案例分析.docx

大学英语跨文化交际案例分析 Case 2 (P8) White Dress 女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. 案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。 Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why . 文化是 像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。文化是像水鱼游 在: 人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文, 但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。 Case 4 (P18) Coconut-skating 椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We Can tell from the CaSe that CUItUre is PerVaSiVe and it 案例分析Ie 这个e事件反映了文化 的特点。我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的,这是学习。 People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture. 人们可能发明东西 甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式从她自己的文化的拖地。 Case 7 (P30) Clean UP the Bathroom! 清理浴室!:CaSe analySiS: CUltUral differenCeS deCide the two StUdentS are going to CommUniCate in different wayS. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。 The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the OtherS CannOt Understand you.中国学生想要美国学生理解底层的手段，他的话,但是美国学生用来 直接的交流方式。这是由文化决定的。在中国文化中,人们想要挽回面子的两个自己和他人,所以 他们不会直接表达自己的想法。然而,在美国,除非你清楚地表达自己,别人不能直接理解你。 Case 8 (P34) She HaS Three HandS 她有三个指针:ThiS CaSe Can refleCt the different CommUniCation StyleS between ChineSe and CanadianS. In weStern CUltUreS, CommUniCation iS the meanS of tranSmitting ideaS. WeStern PeoPle USUally CommUniCate direCtly with eaCh other. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的沟通方式在中国和加拿大人。在西方文化中,沟通是传播方式的想法。西方的人们通常直接彼此通信。 That is why the Canadian in this Case says what is in his mind direCtly in frOnt Of the Chinese wOman withOut hiding anything. While Chinese Culture stresses harmOny and emphasizes the relatiOnships between the COmmuniCatOrs. Chinese peOple view COmmuniCatiOn as a prOCess where all parties are searChing tO develOp and maintain a sOCial relatiOnship. SO the Chinese wOman in this Case tries nOt tO argue With the Can adia n face to face to keep the “ harm OnioUS relati On Sh这就是为什betwee n them. 么加拿大在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海里的正前方的中国女人没有隐瞒任何事。虽然中国 文化强调和谐,强调了沟通者之间的关系。中国人民视图通信作为一个过程,各方正在寻求开发和维护一个社会关系。所以中国女人在这种情况下努力不认为与加拿大面对面保持“和谐关系”他们。 Case 12 (P57) Why Don‘ tYou Eat the Pizza? 你为什么不吃比萨饼?: This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. 种情况下可以反映

跨文化交际毕业设计论文.doc

Globalization and the Traditional Notion about a Family 1101214008 11109班 陈欢

Globalization and The Traditional Notion about a Family Nowadays , our world is a globalized world. Countries depend on each other and no one nation can be independent of the globalization architecture. There is no doubt that globalization tightly connects the world with us in political , economic , cultural field and so on. It brings not only wealth, the greater its charm lies in the mutual language, culture and other aspects of the infiltration and integration. But except the benefits and good effects the globalization makes , there are so many risks and hidden dangers. In the background of the globalization , a imperceptible problem is our culture has been challenged, especially the traditional culture. Globalization show us the different cultures which are gradually penetrating into the minds of people. It has a great influence on societies , families and individuals. Speaking of family, Chinese people have their own the traditional notion about it. Whether globalization will change the notion? This is my theme. China is a country with 5000 years of civilization, accumulating many great cultures and spreading many nice manners and customs. And these contain the traditional notion of Chinese family, whose stable spreading plays a large role in maintaining social stability in the ancient and modern China. Our traditional notion about family generally refers to

新编跨文化交际案例分析

Unit 5 Culture and Verbal Communication Case 17 When these two men separate, they may leave each other with very different impressions. Mr Richardson is very pleased to have made the acquaintance of Mr Chu and feels they have gotten off to a very good start. They have established their relationship on a first-name basis and Mr Chu‘s smile seemed to indicate that he will be friendly and easy to do business with. Mr Richardson is particularly pleased that he had treated Mr Chu with respect for his Chinese background by calling him Hon-fai rather than using the western name, David, which seemed to him an unnecessary imposition of western culture. In contrast, Mr Chu feels quite uncomfortable with Mr Richardson. He feels it will be difficult to work with him, and that Mr Richardson might be rather insensitive to cultural differences. He is particularly bothered that, instead of calling him David or Mr Chu, Mr Richardson used his given name, Hon-fai, the name rarely used by anyone, in fact. It was this embarrassment which caused him to smile. He would feel more comfortable if they called each other Mr Chu and Mr Richardson. Nevertheless, when he was away at school in North America he learned that Americans feel uncomfortable calling people Mr for any extended period of time. His solution was to adopt a western name. He chose David for use in such situations. Case 18 Even if the American knew Urdu, the language spoken in Pakistan, he would also have to understand the culture of communication in that country to respond appropriately. In this case, he had to say ―No at least three times. In some countries, for instance, the Ukraine, it may happen that a guest is pressed as many as seven or eight times to take more food, whereas in the UK it would be unusual to do so more than twice. For a Ukrainian, to do it the British way would suggest the person is not actually generous. Indeed, British recipients of such hospitality sometimes feel that their host is behaving impolitely by forcing them into a bind, since they run out of polite refusal strategies long before the Ukrainian host has exhausted his/her repertoire of polite insistence strategies. Case 19 Talking about what‘s wrong is not easy for people in any culture, but people in high-context countries like China put high priority on keeping harmony, preventing anyone from losing face, and nurturing the relationship. It seems that Ron Kelly had to learn a different way of sending message when he was in China. At home in Canada he would have gone directly to the point. But in China, going directly to the problem with someone may suggest that he or she has failed to live up to his or her responsibility and the honor of his or her organization is in question. In high-context cultures like China, such a message is serious and damaging. In low-context cultures, however, the tendency is just to ―spit it out, to get it into words and worry about the result later. Senders of unwelcome messages use objective facts, assuming, as with persuasion, that facts are neutral, instrumental, and impersonal. Indirectness is often the way members of high-context cultures choose to communicate about a problem. Case 20 It seems that the letters of request written in English as well as in Chinese by Chinese people are likely to preface the request with extended face-work. To Chinese people, the normal and polite way to form a request requires providing reasons that are usually placed before the requests. Of course, this is just the inverse of English conventions in which requests are fronted without much face-work. In the view of the English-speaking people, the opening lines of Chinese requests and some other speech acts do not usually provide a thesis or topic statement which will orient the listener to the overall direction of the communication. Worst of all, the lack of precision and the failure to address the point directly may lead to suspicions that the Chinese speakers are beating around the bush. To them, the presence of a clear and concise statement of what is to be talked about will make the speech more precise, more dramatic, and more eloquent. However, the Chinese learning and using English in communication may find it difficult to