雅思小作文写作技巧

同义替换

compare->illustrate->compare->show注意三单

kinds->categories->types

proportion->percentage

the UK -> Britain/the United Kingdom

information->data

males -> men

females->woman

from … to … -> between … and … -> over a period of … years

store->shop

the number of … -> the figure for

the amount of … -> the figure for

some kinds of meat -> beef, lamb, and chicken.

描述变化

波动fluctuate between … and …

稳定(接数字) remain stable at … -> level off at ... -> remain steady at …经历变化

see an opposite trend

experience a sharp rise from 2.5% to 7% between 1970 and 1980

峰值

peak at -> reach its peak at

e.g. After peaking at 90 billion minutes,

最低值

reach its lowest point at -> fall to its lowest point at

达到或者位于

reach -> stand at

占有份额

account for -> represent -> make up -> constitute

数字预测

expect -> predict

e.g. This is excepted to continue, reaching 47 quadrillion units in 2030.

e.g. Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31 quadrillion units in 2030. 倍数

double -> triple -> increase twofold

e.g. In Switzerland sales doubled from 3 million euros to 6 million euros. 一个是另一个的倍数

be twice as high(long/fast/popular) as...

be three times as high as...

e.g. In European countries, the average meat consumption was twice as high as the global average.

始终高于/低于

is consistently higher/lower than ...

原有差距变小

The gap between ...and... narrows. (narrowed)

The gap between ...and... widens. (widened)

e.g. The gap between men’s incomes and women’s incomes narrowed considerably over the 30-year period.

超过

exceed(exceeded 后面接数字或者百分比)

overtake(overtook 后面接比较对象)

The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980.

急剧

sharp(sharply)->rapid(rapidly)->dramatic(dramatically)

持续

gradual(gradually)->consistent(consistently)->steady(steadily)

趋势延续

continue

显著的、大幅度的

significant(significantly)->noticeable(noticeably)->considerable(considerably)

小幅度的

slight(slightly)

大约

about->around->approximately

In 1960 the proportion of people aged 65 and over stood at around 8% in Sweden.

just over->just under

分别

respectively

e.g. In the UK and Belgium, sales grew from 1 million to 5.5 million euros and from 0.6 million to 4 million euros respectively.

由图可见

1.It is clear from the (table/line graph /bar /chart /pie chart) that...

2.We can see from the (table/...) that ...

3.The (table/...) shows that ...

比较好的句子

increased in all countries.

showed an upward trend between 1979 and 2004.

Decreased over the 25-year period.

XX is considerably higher in the winter than in the summer.

The final point to note is that...

It is particularly noticeable that...

与众不同:There are, however notably more... than... in every group with the exception of... group.

1.We can see from the table that the figures for non-book club members are made up of sales to college staff, college students and members of the public.

2.We can also see from the table that Brazil had considerably more irrigated land than Congo (26,500km^2 and 100km^2 respectively).

3.The figures for Belgium and Denmark are the same (98 liters per person per year).

4.Sweden and Denmark showed a different pattern, with falls in banana sales from 1.8 to 1 million euros and 2 to 0.9 million euros.

5.Theyaffected different regions differently, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation. (with独立主格)

6.London has the oldest underground railway systems among the six cities.

7.The figure for Brighton and Hove (3,168 in 2001 and 6,635 in 2011) experienced the second biggest percentage change(109%).

8.The numbers of cycling commuters in Gateshead (816 in 2001 and 1,314 in 2011) were the lowest of all the areas shown in the table.

9.It is clear from the line graph that the number of people using this station fluctuates significantly over the 10 hours.

10.At 6 am the number of people in the station stands at 100.Then the figurerises dramatically over the next two hours.

11.After that, the figure drops rapidly, reaching 180 at 10 am.

12.Kyoto, serves the smallest number of passengers per year (only 45 million).

13.The increase was slightly larger in Beligum, from 1 million euros to 1.7 million euros.

14.There is only a 10% difference in competency ranging from around 40% to around 30% between Romania, Vietnam, Russia and Thailand in second to fourth places respectively. 14.There are, however, notably more female second language speakers in every country with the exception of Thailand.

15.If we look at males we can see that India has the greatest proportion of proficient second language speakers at around 18, and China has the least at fewer than 18%.

16.The final point to note is that India would appear to have the highest overall proportion of proficient second language speakers and China the least.

17.It is immediately apparent that while there is significant region variation in second language ability, typically a higher percentage of females than males speak a foreign language well.

18.The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today.

19. Native offenders make up the largest percentage of the population of the correction system in Canada.

20.It is clear from the first bar chart that the marriage rate in the US was significantly higher than the divorce rate over the 30-year period.

21.Ther number of marriages remained stable at 2.5 million(绝不能加s) between 1970 and 1980, while the figure for divorces increased from 1 million to 1.4 million over the same period.(一个变化一个不变化进行对比)

22.The number of marriages then gradually fell to 2 million over the following twenty years.

23.Similarly,the figure for divorces also showed a downward trend, reaching 1.1 million in 1990 and 1 million in 2000.

24.The second bar chart shows that married people account for the largest proportion of the American adult population in both 1970 and 2000 (70% and 59% respectively).

24.These two pie charts show the changes in popularity of different leisure activities in the United States of America between 1999 and 2009. We can see that the most popular leisure activities were almost the same in both periods, but there were a number of differences in popularity between the various activities.

25.A figure that was matched by swimming in 2009, having almost doubled in popularity over the previous decade.

26.Most of the other activities became less popular over the same period of time, with cycling, jogging and aerobics all falling by at least a half to under 10%.

27.The one exception to this trend was camping which almost stayed almost unchanged at around 9%.

28.So, India once again lead the way with around 30%, closely followed by Romania, then Vietnam, and Russia at 20% and 10% in turn.

30.

This bar chart shows how second language proficiency varies between males and females in 6 different countries. It is immediately apparent that while there is significant regional variation in second language ability, typically a higher percentage of females than males speak a second language well.

If we look at males we can see that India has much the greatest proportion of proficient second language speakers at around 55% and China has the least at fewer than 18%. There is only a 10% difference in competency ranging from around 40% to around 30% between Romania, Vietnam, Russia and Thailand in second to fourth places respectively. There are,however, notably more female than male second language speakers in every country with the exception of Thailand. So, India once again leads the way with around 65% , closely followed by Romania and then Vietnam and Russia at 56 and 42% in turn. The two countries with fewest proficient second language speakers are China and Thailand at around 30%. The final point to note is that of the countries in the report, India would appear to have the highest overall proportion of proficient second language speakers and China the least.

These two pie chart illustrate how the leisure activities vary between 1999 and 2009

in the United State of American. We can see that while there were almost the same

activities in both periods, it also had a number of difference between the various activities.

It is immediately apparent that walking was the most popular activities in America

between 1999 and 2009 with around 30%. Also, yoga was no longer among the list of leisure activities, but weightlifting was chosen by 10% of Americans.

The second most popular activities was soccer at just under 20% in both years, a figure that matched by swimming, has almost doubled over previous decade. There were , however, some activities became less popular over the same period, with bicycling, jogging and aerobics all falling by at least a half to under 10%. The one exception is that camping stayed almost unchanged at around 9%.

This table shows the percentage of the population working in the agricultural, manufacturing and service sectors in 7 European countries in 2014. It is immediately clear that in each case the service sector employed the highest proportion of people and that, with one exception, agriculture employed the lowest.

The employment statistics for these sectors in UK, France, Greece and Germany followed a very similar pattern with the figures for agriculture varying between 1.3 and 3.5 %, manufacturing 5.2 and 24.6%, and the services 73.8 and 83.5%.

The Czech Republic, Ukraine and Romania all differed somewhat. These countries all had a lower percentage of people working in the service sector with only 43.9 % in Romania and 58.8 and 60% in Ukraine and Czech Republic respectively. In Romania the agricultural sector accounted for around a quarter of the workforce and this figure very slightly exceeded the percentage of Romanians employed in manufacturing. Ukraine too had a greater proportion of workers in agriculture, but this was less than half that amount at around 12%. While in the Czech Republic nearly 40% of the workforce worked in manufacturing which was around 10% more than in any other country,

It is of note that the overall trend for the first six months of the year was steadily upwards.

After a modest increase of 10 units sold in February, this figure rocketed to approximately 125 in March, and then continued to climb until it reached nearly 200 by the end of June.

After starting the period at almost 150 units, sales dropped to around 130 in August. They then rose slightly to 135 in September before slipping back to 130 in October, a downward trend that continued in November. The period ended with a spectacular fall to 60 units sold.

1. It is immediately apparent that the overall trend is that considerably more women than men were recruited in this period.

2. The number of females employed rose steadily between 2001 and 2004, despite a marginal dip in 2002.

3. There was a very substantial increase in the number of men employed in 2005.

4. There was a steady rise in the number of females employed between 2001 and 2004, notwithstanding the fact that this number fell marginally in 2002.

Up verbs

Notes:

?“Soar “and “rocket” are both very strong words that describe large rises. “Rocket” is more sudden. You probably do not need to qualify these verbs with adverbs.

?“Leap” shows a large and sudden rise. Again, you probably do not need to qualify it with an adverb.

?“Climb” is a relatively neutral verb that can be used with the adverbs below.

Down verbs

Notes:

?“Plummet” is the strongest word here. It means to fall very quickly and a long way.?“Drop” and “drop” are normally used for fairly small decreases

?“Slip back” is used for falls that come after rises

?“Drop” and “Dip” are also frequently used as nouns: eg “a slight dip” “a sudden drop”Some more advanced trend vocabulary

Sponsored links

This is some useful trend vocabulary for charts and graphs for people looking to get band 7.0 or over.

Test yourself first

Upward trends

Downward trends

adjectives and adverbs

Verbs

These verbs are alternatives to the basic rise and fall vocabulary. One benefit of using them is that sometimes they help you avoid repeating too many numbers. If you have a strong verb, you don’t always have to give the exact figure.

Up verbs

Notes:

?“Soar “and “rocket” are both very strong words that describe large rises. “Rocket” is more sudden. You probably do not need to qualify these verbs with adverbs.

?“Leap” shows a large and sudden rise. Again, you probably do not need to qualify it with an adverb.

?“Climb” is a relatively neutral verb that can be used with the adverbs below.

Down verbs

Notes:

?“Plummet” is the strongest word here. It means to fall very quickly and a long way.

?“Drop” and “drop” are normally used for fairly small decreases

?“Slip back” is used for falls that come after rises

?“Drop” and “Dip” are also frequently used as nouns: eg “a slight dip” “a sudden drop”

Adjectives and adverbs

This is a selection of some of the most common adjectives and adverbs used for trend language. Please be careful. This is an area where it is possible to make low-level mistakes. Make sure that you use adjectives with nouns and adverbs with verbs:

? a significant rise – correct (adjective/noun)

?rose significant ly– correct (adverb/verb)

? a significantly rise – wrong wrong wrong

Please also note the spelling of the adverbs. There is a particular problem with the word “dramatically:

?dramatically – correct

?dramaticly – wrong

?dramaticaly – wrong

Adjectives of degree

notes

?“sudden” and “sharp” can be used of relatively minor changes that happen quickly

?“spectacular” and “dramatic” are very strong words only to used to big, big, big changes

Steady adjectives

Small adjectives

notes

?“marginal” is a particularly useful word for describing very small changes

Other useful adjectives

These adjectives can be used to describes more general trends

notes

?“overall” can be used to describe changes in trend over the whole period: very useful in introductions and conclusions

?“upward” and “downward” are adjectives: the adverbs are “upwards” and “downwards”

This diagram shows the different stages in the process of making a purchase with a credit card. We can see that it is a complex transaction with no fewer than five different parties involved and there are seven different steps until the merchant receives payment.

The first step is that the customer offers to pay for the goods by credit card. At that point, the merchant has to request for the payment to be authorised by the credit card organisation, which must also request authorisation in turn from the consumer’s bank.Once that authorisation has been received, the merchant can then release the goods to the customer.

The merchant, however, does not receive the money for the transaction until it has paid a fee to the credit card organisation. After that has been paid, the consumer’s issuing bank will transfer the money for the transaction to the merchant’s own bank, which will then credit the merchant’s bank account with the amount of

the purchase less the credit card fee.

This diagram shows how the carbon cycle works in nature. The first part of the cycle is providing plants and animals on both land and sea with the carbon dioxide they need to exist and the second part of the cycle is the return of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

The first part of the cycle shows a food chain where plants and grasses absorb carbon dioxide from the air. These plants are a food source for primary consumers such as insects which are in turn eaten by the second level consumers, including smaller birds and fish. At the end of this food chain are larger animals and mammals which use the secondary level consumers as a source of carbon and food.

The second part of the cycle shows how there are two main ways in which carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere. This can either happen as a result of living beings breathing or consuming fuel, or as a product of the waste and remains from their death.