裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第三十课
Football or polo?
单词讲解
polo马球（四人一组骑在马上对打木球的比赛）水球water polo
Wayle n．威尔（河名）
Cut vt．切，割，剪，划，砍cut--cut--cut
例: She cut her finger on a piece of broken glass.
他在一块碎玻璃上划伤自己的手指。
cut the apple into halves 把苹果切成两半
cut the apple into thirds 把苹果切成三半
cut恤e apple into quarters 把苹果切成四半
His cruel remarks cut her deeply.
他残酷的评论伤透了她的心.
cut的有关短语：cut class 旷课
cut across/cut through 穿过（尤指抄近道）例: I usually cut across the park on my way home.
I usually cut through the park on rny way home.
我回家的路上总是穿过那个公园。
cut down砍到（树木）减少…量
例: The apple tree was dead and he cut it down.
这个苹果树死了，他把树砍倒了。
The car industry cut down production.
汽车工业降低了产量。
cut down the expenses减少开支
chop 劈
slit 切割开
gash 砍进（割一条长而深的缺口）
slice 切成薄片
carve 雕刻
dice 切成小方块
tear 撕裂
trim 修剪
row
1) n．一排，一列，一行，成排的座位
例: The boy was sitting in the first row.
这个小男孩坐在第一排。
Would you arrange the chairs in five rows?
你把椅子排成五排吗？
in a row排成一排连续的
例: Children were standing hand in hand in a row.
孩子们手拉手的站成一排。
He has been absent for 5 years in a row.
他已经连续五天缺席了。
a hard row to hoe（v．用耕锄耕地）艰苦的生活row 横行
line竖排
file一纵队（排的很整齐）
2)V．划船
例：Can you row a boat? 你会划船吗？
They rowed across the rive。他们划过了这条河。
3)n划船运动
go for a row去划船
go for a walk去散步
4)划船；一排（列）row(rau]
争吵row Iraul
v．row with sb 与...争吵
n．例：What' s the row about? 到底在吵什么呢？make a row／kick up a row起哄，大吵大闹
kick
1)v．踢
kick sb /sth with the foot 踢
例: Mummy, Dick kicked me on the leg!
妈妈，Dick踢我的腿。（Tom，Dick，Harry人的名字）kick the ball踢
kick a hole in the door在门上踢了一个洞
Be careful of that horse-it often kicks.
小心这匹马，它常踢人。
(idiom) Kick a man when he is down．落井下石
2) vt.虐待，欺负
例: The boy is always kicking his younger brother about.
这个小男孩总是欺负他弟弟。
kick脚踢
punch 拳打
toward (s) prep.
朝…方向对（表关系），接近（表时间），有...趋势
例：He walked towards the door．他朝门走过来。
His attitude towards me has changed.
他对我的态度转变了。
Towards the end of the game she fell asleep.
临近比赛结束时，她睡着了。
There is a tendency towards inflation．有通货膨胀的趋势。towards只能表示朝着目标移动（强调越来越近）
例：We drove towards Miami．我们开车去迈阿密。
to含有到达的含义
例：We drove to Miami．我们开车到了迈阿密。
nearly adv．大约，接近，差不多
例：It's nearly 2 o'clock．大约两点了。
That car nearly ran over a dog.那辆车差点撞到一条狗。
almost与nearly最接近，但almost可与nobody，nothing，nowhere，never连用nearly则不能。approximately/ about在超过或没有超过某标准的两种情况下，均可使用，但almost，nearly用于接近单位达到
某标准的情况。
例: It cost approximately ￡300, I can't remember exactIY.
大概花了300美元我记不太清了。
sight n．
1)视力，视觉
lose one's sight 失明(become blind)
far-sighted 远视
near-sighted 近视
short-sighted 目光短浅的
long-sighted 目光长远的
例：Out of sight，Out of mind．眼不见，心不烦。
at the sight of —看至到(seeing)
We laughed at the sight of her strange clothes.
我们一见她的奇装异服就笑了。
He fell in love with the girl at the first sight.
他对那女孩子一见钟情。
2)视界，视野
in sight 在视野之内
out of sight 在视野之外
例：The train is still in sight．火车还看得见。
Get out of my sight. 滚开! (Get out!)
Get out of here!
Get awaY from here!
关键句型Key Structures
some /any的用法。
1)二者都可以表示不定量的代词，相当于“一止暨”，可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，some多用于肯定句，
any多用于疑问句，否定句或条件从句。
例: There are some scenic spots around the city.
在这个城市周边有些风景优美的地方。
Let's get some fruit for the children.
给孩子们买些水果吧。
Do you need any reference books? 你需要一些参考书吗？
They haven' t put forward any concrete proposals.
他们还没有提出一些明确的建议。
If you find any new words in it, mark them out.
如果你发现那些生词的话，把它们标出来。
2)有些疑问句表示请求，建议，反问等，这时多用some而不用any；
例：Would you mind buying me some aspirin?
你为我买些阿司匹林好吗？
Aren' t there some stamps in that drawer?
抽屉里面有邮票吗？
3) some和any还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，这时some表示“某一个“any表示”任何一个“随便哪一个”。
例：You will regret it someday．总有一天你会后悔的。
You can get it in any department store.
你在任何一个百货商店都可以买到。
冠词the的用法
1)在人名和地名前不加冠词a或the
例: John lives in England. He has a house in London.
2)在海洋，河流，山脉前，一定要用定冠词the
例: Who was the first person to sail across the Pacific?
谁是第一个横渡太平洋的人呢？
It can get rough in the Mediterranean (地中海）。
地中海可能很不平静c
Many great cities are built on rivers; 1'aris is on the Seine,London is on the Thames and Rorne is on the Tiber.
很多大城市建在河岸上，巴黎在桑纳河上，伦敦在泰晤士河上，罗马在地波河上。
I know a man who has been on climbing expeditions in many parts of the world. He has climbed in
the Alps, the Himalayas,and the Rocky Mountains.
我认识一个参加过世界各地登山探险的人，他曾攀登过阿尔卑斯山脉，喜马拉雅山山脉以及落基山。
3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the。
America-the Unite States of America
China- the People' s Republic of China
the Great Wall , the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City
4)表示特定的或上文提到过的事物（或双方都明了的事物）前加the。
例：工am interested in the film．我对这部电影感兴趣。
Pass me the slippers please．请把拖鞋递给我。
5)世界上独一无二的事物前加the
the earth the moon the sun
6)在序数词或形容词的高级前加the
the second storey二层楼
the largest room最大的房间
7)在方位词前面加the
on the left
on the right
in the east
in the west
8)在表示时间的一些固定短语前加the
in the morning in the afternoon
in the evening in the day time
9)the放在形容词前表一类人
the poor the rich the old the young the sick the new the blind
IO) 在姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
the Whites; the Browns; the Tuners
II)在乐器前加the
the piano; the guitar; the saxophone
12)表世纪的某个年代
in the 1980' s
13)在发明物的前加the
例: The telephone was invented by Bell.
电话是由贝尔发明的。
The' compass was invented in China．指南针是中国发明的不加冠词的时候：
1)专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名前不加冠词，China London America Smith Art matter
2)季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐，前不加冠词March May National' s day Valentine
Children' s day Supper Spring Saturday
3)学科名称，球类，棋类名词前不加冠词
mathematics politics football basketball chess
Exercise：1．用some和any填空
l)ls there_ hope of our fulfilling the plan?
2)My mother bought_ sweets for me.
3)1f I can spare money , I' II buy a dictionary.
4)Would you iike beer?
5)Come day you like.
6) You will realize your dream _ day.
答案: any some any some any some
2、在必要地方填上冠词a或the
l) refrigerators are necessary in hot countries.
2) Which river is_ longest,_Nile,_ Amazon, or Mississippi?
3) Heyerdahl crosses_ Pacific on_ raft.
4) Why is_ Britain sometimes called United Kingdom?
5) We sailed up__Red Sea and then went through_ Suez Canal
答案：1）不填2）the the the the 3）the a 4）不填the 5)the the
课文讲解Text
The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.
定语从句that/which修饰物的关系代词
ear adj．/prep‘在附近，表示含糊的“近“的意思，可能还有相当一段距离。
close表示可接触的范围内的
by在…的旁边在…的近旁
nearby
1)adj．附近的a nearby town/a town nearby附近的村庄
2)adv．附近地
例：my parents live nearby．我的父母亲住在附近。
I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
on fine afternoons
afternoons表示每当下我都会。to，表一般规律，用一般现在时。
in the afternoon
on fine afternoons
on the afternoon of July the fourth
It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
as usual 像平常一样
than usual 比平常
as before 像以前
than before 比以前
Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. 用过去进行时描述故事背景rowing现在分词表伴随状语
Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat, but he did not hear them.
call out to sb(for sth) 大声喊叫（己引起别人的注意）
The ball struck him so hard that he nearIY fell into the water.
strike
strike-struck---struck
SO + adj/adv.+ that 如此...以至于
例: He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.
他病得如此重以至于我们请大夫去。
She was so angry that she couldn' t speak.
她如此的生气以至于说不出话来。
You speak so fast that I can' t follow you.
你讲的如此快以至于我都跟不上你了。
I am so nervous that I don' t know what to say.
I turned to look at the children ,but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away!
there weren' t any in sight -个也看不见了
The man laughed when he realized what happened.
when引导时间状语从句
I'm cooking dinner when they came home.
当他们到家时我正在做饭。
When you are in trouble, visit this man.
当你有困难时，找这个男人
laugh 大声地笑出声地笑
smile 微笑
grin 露齿而笑
chuckle 低声轻笑
sneer 嘲笑
giggle 咯咯地笑
happen 表示偶然事件发生（无被动）
He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.
call out to sb对…大声喊叫
补充内容
谚语
1. All is not gold that glitters. All that glitters is not gold．
外表可以迷惑人；不要根据漂亮的外表来判断事物；发光的未必都是金子。2．All is well that ends well结果好就一切都好。