第二部分第十一讲构词法

第十一讲构词法

英语构词法主要有合成法、转化法和派生法三种。

一、合成法

将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法叫合成法。

二、转化法

把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

三、派生法

派生法即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。

常见的前缀

常见的后缀

Ⅰ.按单词后括号内的词性要求变换单词1．develop (v.) —development (n.) 2．quiet (adj.)—quietness(n.) 3．modern (adj.)—modernize (v.) 4．imagine (v.) —imaginative (adj.) 5．courage (n.)—encourage (v.)

6．strong (adj.)—strengthen_(v.)

7．convenient (adj.)—convenience (n.)

8．intend (v.)—intention (n.)

9．reason (n.)—reasonable (adj.)

10．forget (v.) —forgettable (adj.)

11．summary (n.) —summarize (v.)

12．service (n.)—serve (v.)

13．terrible (adj.)—terribly (ad v.)

14．responsible (adj.)—responsibility (n.)

15．threat (n.)—threaten (v.)

Ⅱ.给下列词通过加否定前缀或后缀变成意思相反的词

1．appear disappear 2.honest dishonest

3．careful careless 4.visible invisible

5．understand misunderstand 6.friendly unfriendly

7．expected unexpected 8.logical illogical

9．regular irregular 10.violent nonviolent

11．possible impossible 12.able disable/unable

13．polite impolite 14.active inactive

15．valuable valueless

Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．I made him ____________(comfort)on the back seat and offered him some water.

答案：comfortable

2．Many of us are far more ____________ (interest) in talking than in listening.

答案：interested

3．On a ____________(sun)day last August，Tim heard some shouting.

答案：sunny

4．His ____________ (appoint) was at 10 am and it was already 8：30.

答案：appointment

5．Body language is the quiet，secret and most ____________ (power) language of all!

答案：powerful

6．I was ____________(fortunate) enough to lose my keys.

答案：unfortunate

7．I’m ____________(happy) with some of the farming methods being used so I want to change them.

答案：unhappy

8．She had been smoking ____________(heavy) since her teens.

答案：heavily

9．It inspired me to be more ____________(invent) with my own cooking.

答案：inventive

10．The whole process has now been greatly ________________(simple)．

答案：simplified

11．She hoped that her son would become a ________________(music)．

答案：musician

12．It can be very ____________(satisfy) to work in the garden.

答案：satisfying

13．The house was surrounded by a tall，____________(wood) fence.

答案：wooden

14．Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college ____________(expensive)．

答案：expenses

15．It’s ____________(correct) to address people by their first names at these formal events.

答案：incorrect

Ⅳ.语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dawn graduated several years ago.She had been a 1.____________(success) model，and

2.____________(find) a job had not been a problem—until recently.When Dawn did start

3.____________(try) to find another type of job，she found in interview after interview that computer literacy(能力) was a must to

4.____________(employ)．

Since Dawn had always been afraid 5.____________ learning computer while in college—our school didn’t require to learn computer at that time.Finally，after months of searching for a job，Dawn had a 6.____________(fail)．She had to admit that sidestepping(回避) computer literacy hadn’t been a good idea.7.____________，she enrolled(登记，注册)in a computer course at 8.____________ adult vocational school.

9．____________(surprise)，although she had been afraid of learning computer，she took to computers 10.____________ much that after about a year she opened her own computer-based business.

1．解析：根据model可知，应用形容词修饰该名词。

答案：successful

2．解析：根据had not been a problem可知，前面应为主语，故用动名词作主语。

答案：finding

3．解析：start doing “开始做某事”。

答案：trying

4．解析：to 为介词，后接名词。

答案：employment

5．解析：be afraid of “害怕……”。

答案：of

6．解析：根据a可知，此处应为名词。

答案：failure

7．解析：表示结果“因此”。

答案：Therefore/Thus

8．解析：指在一家成年人学校。

答案：an

9．解析：副词作状语，修饰后面整个句子。

答案：Surprisingly

10．解析：修饰much，表示程度。

答案：so