八年级英语寒假复习(一)：构词法北京实验版知识精讲

初二英语寒假复习（一）：构词法北京实验版【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

寒假复习（一）：构词法

二. 重点、难点

构词法（派生词）

三. 教学目标：

通过本讲的学习，使学生能够掌握一定的构词能力，以扩大学生们的词汇量。

四. 重点知识讲解：

（一）词的派生

1. 派生词多数是由词根加后缀构成的。

1）+后缀→名词

a. –er: worker cleaner maker teacher

b. –or: visitor sailor inventor actor

c. –ist: scientist artist pianist

d. –ess: actress waitress

e. –ee: employee trainee referee trustee

f. –ian: musician Canadian Australian

g. –ness: illness happiness greatness coldness

h. –(a)tion: dictation reparation exception invitation

i. –ment: movement development arguement

j. –ion: discussion revision decision

k. –ing: building feeling painting wedding

l. –ship: friendship relationship scholarship

m. –ence: difference dependence confidence reference

n. –ance: allowance acceptance assistance

o. –th: truth warmth health length

p. –y: modesty difficulty safety

q. –ure: failure pleasure pressure

2）+后缀→形容词：

a. –ful: cheerful useful grateful faithful

b. –less: careless homeless fearless hopeless

c. –ish: Swedish selfish

d. –ive: active collective decisive destructive

e. –ous: dangerous famous continuous courageous various

f. –able: acceptable agreeable forgettable applicable comfortable

g. –ible: sensible responsible permissible possible

h. –y: rainy snowy foggy dirty

i. –some: troublesome burdensome lonesome handsome

j. –al: critical physical chemical medical classical

k. –en: golden wooden woolen

l. –ed: landed excited interested surprised

m. –ly: friendly lively daily

3）+后缀→动词：

–ize: recognize apologize realize normalize

–en: widen basten frighten

–fy: simplify beautify satisfy

4）+后缀→副词

–ly: really happily simply difficultly completely

5）+后缀→数词

–teen: fourteen fifteen eighteen

–ty: forty thirty fifty ninety

–th: fourth ninth twelfth

2. +前缀一般不造成词类的转变，只是引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。

1）un–: unhappy untrue uncomfortable unforgettable

2）dis–: dislike disagree discover discourage

3）im–: impolite impossible

4）ir–: irregular irresponsible

5）re–: retell renew rewrite return repeat

6）mis–: misspell misunderstand

7）super–: superman supermarket superstar

8）micro–: microfilm microbiology microcomputer microsoft

3. 合成词：

合成形容词：

good–tempered peace–loving everyday

good–looking widespread face–to–face

fine–sounding well –known ready–made

hard–working duty–free high –class airsick

合成名词：

bloodtest handwriting classroom classmate

waiting –room get–together bedroom handcuffs

sleeping–pills sun–bathing headteacher handbag

pickpocket waterfall watermelon waterway

【典型例题】

一、按例词要求写出下列单词：

1）drive——driver: play ——_________ teach——_________

kill ——_________ light ——_________ build ——_________

clean——_________ farm——_________

2）danger——dangerous: vary——_________ fame——_________

nerve——_________

3）cloud——cloudy: mist ——_________ sun——_________

thirst——_________ sleep——_________ dirt——_________

fun——_________ luck——_________

4）class——classical: magic——_________ politic ——_________

logic——_________

5）magic——magician: music——_________ Italy ——_________

India——_________

6）diligence ——diligent: difference ——_________ confidence——_________

independence——_________ importance——_________

II. 将下列词合成合成词并写出中文意思

class water snow mate traffic search ball light washing tea world spoon machine wide cross pass dream walk word land melon head master

（1）__________ ___________ （2）__________ ___________

（3）__________ ___________ （4）__________ ___________

（5）__________ ___________ （6）__________ ___________

（7）__________ ___________ （8）__________ ___________

（9）__________ ___________ （10）__________ ___________

（11）__________ ___________ （12）__________ ___________

【模拟试题】（答题时间：60 分钟）

一. 用所给词的适当形式填空：

1. This girl is very hardworking, so she is _________ (hope) to entre the college in the future.

2. Ketty is so excited that she can ’t wait to _________ (wrap) the package.

3. It is very _________ (danger) for children to play with fire.

4. Bill Gates is never afraid of _________ (difficult).

5. What about this sweater, it ’s _________ (wool).

6. Tom is a _________ (care) boy. He often makes mistakes in his homework.

7. Thomas Edison is a great _________ (invent). He invented many things which we are using

at present.

8. Because of his _________ (ill), he didn ’t come to school yesterday.

9. The foreigners are surprised at the _________ (develop) of our country.

10. This wonderful trip is _________ (forgettable) for me.

二. 单项选择：

1. Taking buses in Beijing is much _________ than before.

A. cheap

B. cheaper

C. cheapest

D. the cheapest

2. ——Is this your dictionary, Jack?

——Yes, it’s _________. Thank you for helping me find it.

A. mine

B. hers

C. his

D. yours

3. I’m sorry to keep you _________ so long. I won ’t be late next time.

A. wait

B. waited

C. to wait

D. waiting

4. ——You look so _________, don ’t you?

——Yes, I’ve got a birthday present.

A. happy

B. sad

C. tired

D. worried

5. Mike is only 15 years old. He is not _________ to get a driver license.

A. young enough

B. enough old

C. old enough

D. enough young

6. ——Do you know who invented the telephone?

——Sorry, I don’t know, but I know it _________ in 1876.

A. invented

B. was invented

C. invents

D. inventing

7. When he _________ home, he saw his mother cleaning the room.

A. got up

B. got back

C. got on

D. got in

8. ——I have a cold.

——Maybe you should see a _________.

A. doctor

B. driver

C. teacher

D. reporter

9. Don ’t _________ the radio. The baby is sleeping.

A. turn off

B. turn on

C. turn over

D. turn down

10. Mum, I ’m thirsty. Will you please give me some _________?

A. pencils

B. water

C. cake

D. books.

III. 完形填空：

Keeping love is to give love wings

There was once a lonely girl who wanted love very much. One day ___1___ she was walking in the forests, she found two dying birds. She took them home and put them in a small

___2___. She was happy to have two “friends ”. She ___3___ t h e m l o v w e i t h a n d the birds grew strong. One day the girl happened to ___4___ the door of the cage open. The larger and the stronger of the two flew out of the cage. The girl was ___5___ that it would fly away. She caught

it quickly. She felt glad that she caught the bird before it could fly away. Suddenly she couldn ’ t ___6___ a sound from the bird. When she opened her door, the bird was already dead. Her

___7___ killed the bird! Then she noticed ___8___ bird jumping up and down inside the cage. She

could feel its great need for freedom. It wanted to fly into the clear, blue sky. So she lifted it from

the cage and let it fly away ___9___. The bird circled once, twice, and three times. The girl

___10___ as the bird flew. She wanted it to be happy. The fastest way to lose love is to hold on it

too tightly, and the best way to keep love is to give it wings.

1. A. while B. after C. before D. until

2. A. box B. basket C. cage D. bag

3. A. looked for B. looked at

C. looked after

D. looked over

4. A. forget B. leave C. lock D. close

5. A. grateful B. proud C. afraid D. happy

6. A. listen B. make C. feel D. hear

7. A. love B. joke C. luck D. wish

8. A. one B. the other C. another D. others

9. A. angrily B. happily C. loudly D. highly

10. A. watched B. looked C. guided D. ran away

IV. 阅读理解：

A

Modern life is impossible without travel. The fastest way of travel is by plane. With a modern airliner( 客机) you can travel in one day to places which it took a month or more to get to a hundred years ago.

Travel by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see the country you

are traveling through. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining cars. They make even the longest journey enjoyable.

Some people prefer to travel by sea when possible. There are large liners and river boats. You can visit many other countries and different places. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, but

travel by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.

Many people like to travel by car. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty or

one hundred miles a day, just as you like. You can stop wherever you wish-- where there is something interesting to see, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night. That is why traveling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually

take a train or plane when they travel on business.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

1. According to this passage which is the fastest way of traveling?

A. By train

B. By sea

C. By car

D. By plane

2. If we travel by car, we can _____.

A. travel only one hundred miles a day

B. make our own timetable

C. travel to a very far place in a few minutes

D. make the longest journey enjoyable

3. From the passage we know that people on business usually ______.

A. take a train or a plane

B. take a boat or a ship

C. go by bike or on foot

D. go by plane or by bus

4. How many ways of traveling are mentioned in the passage?

A. Five

B. Three

C. Four

D. Two

B

Tom and Peter come into the church. They hear a woman crying from the room behind the

statue in front of them. The statue is a strange creature with red eyes. There is no other way. The

statue stands just in front of the door and they can not get past it. How can they get into the secret

room?

The statue is moving( 移动)! A deep voice comes from the strange creature, “Listen carefully.

I will ask you some questions. If you know the answer to my question, you may enter the room. ”“Whatis the question? P”eter asks. “It a’ssecret. T”he creature says. “Asecret? ”P eter says,

“That ’s stupid! How can I giveyou an answer if the question is a secr et? ”The creature speaks

again, “Come andl l tIel l’you. You will not remember the question tomorrow. If your answer is

right, you may enter. If your answer is wrong, well, then you ’Pl e l b t e e r i l n o o t r k o s u a b t l e T.o m.”

“I ’ll try. ”He says. He wa l k t s heup cr t e oa t u r e and listens to the question. Then he whispers the

answer in the creature ear. ’“s Are you sure your answer is right? ”Tom asks. Peter does not have

time to say anything. The statue moves to the side and the door opens up.

( from Harry Potter) 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

1. Where are Tom and Peter?

A. In the secret room.

B. In the church.

C. Behind the statue.

D. At home.

2. How is the statue?

A. It is interesting?

B. It is strange.

C. It is beautiful.

D. It is friendly.

3. If they don ’t know the answer to the creature ______’_ _s_q_u_e_s_t_i o.n,

A. they may enter the room

B. they will be in trouble

C. they may ask their teacher tomorrow

D. the creature will ask them some other questions

4. Who answers the question?

A. Peter

B. Tom

C. Peter and Tom

D. We don ’t know

5. Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. They hear a woman crying from the room behind the statue.

B. The statue stands just in front of the door and they can not get past it.

C. They may enter the room if they know the answer to the question.

D. They don ’t give the right answer to the question.

C

We make and eat birthday cakes on one birthday.’W s e often write the name of the person