定语从句讲解总结
定语从句讲解
注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，
女口：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy
是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,
如：③.She is the girl in red.她就是穿红衣的女孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of mon ey.那位女士背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for.她就是你在找的人。
2. 分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第5：主句：He is the man
从句：who you are looking for
在从句中，looking for的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。
3. 从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成:
He is the man you are looki ng for.
二.定语从句(从句部分)
1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willi ng to atte nd the p arty, sig n here pl ease.
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1) 先行词一般是名词和不定代词,
女口:some-, any-, every和no 与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those 等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2) 先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the p lace which is worth visit ing.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
一.关系代词which的用法
En glish is a Ian guage.
It is sp oke n all over the world.
=> En glish is a Ian guage which is spoken all over the world.英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。
He looked for a car.
The engine of the car was in good con diti on.
=>He looked for a car the engine of which was in good con diti on.
Where is the p arcel?
We received it this morni ng.
=> Where is the p arcel (which) we received this morning? 今天早上我们收到的包裹在哪里？
二.关系代词that的用法
He 's in love with a girl that/who has red hair.他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。
Baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like.棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运
动。
三.注意that/ which区别:
that而不用在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用
which
先行词被形容词最高级修饰
1. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever exp erie need.今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。
(2)先行词被序数词修饰
2. The first thi ng (that) you have to do is to study mathematics.
你必须做的第一件事就是学习数学。
先行词中既有人又有物时。
3. The driver and the car that had falle n in to the sea were quickly recovered.
掉到海里的司机和车子很快就被捞起来了。
主句中已有疑问词who或which时
4.1 Who is the woma n that was pr aised at the meeti ng? 在大会上被表扬
的那位妇女是谁？
4.2 Which is the picture (that) Mary pai nted?
哪一幅是Mary画的画?
（5）先行词被only、any、few、little、no、all、one of、the same、the very等修饰时。
5. Li Mi ng is the only one that wan ts to be a teacher.李明是唯一一个想当老师的学生
（6）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything 等不定代词时。
6.1 All (that) he said was not true.他所说的并非全是真的。
6.2 We have n't got much that we can offer you.我们没有多少东西能身你们提供。
6.3 My brother fixed almost anything that needed repairing. 我哥哥几乎修理了任何一个需要修理的东西。
（7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that.
7. Edis on built up a factory which p roduced things that had n ever bee n see n before.
爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。
在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词宜用which而不用that
可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个主句或主句中的一部分。
可用于介词之后，即介词+ which （代物）。
1.1s that the man?
You lent the money to him.
Is that the man (whom/that) you lent the money to 的人
那位就是跟你借钱吗？
Is that the man to whom you lent the money ?(这里的whom 不能被that 代
2. The tra in for which I am wait ing is now half an hour late.那班我正在等的火车现在已晚了半小时。
3. This is the habit which you must try to do with.这是你必须改掉的习惯。
（如果是固定短语，介词不能被提到关系代词前）
关系代词who/whom的用法
This is the man with whom I worked. 这位就是和我一起工作的人
This is the teacher who ofte n tells jokes.这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。
关系词who与that的区别
关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
（2）先行词是为anyone、those、some one、every one、one 等词时，关系词用who。
（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is sta nding by the win dow?
whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
关系代词whose的用法
Whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物
1. He looked for a car.
Its engine was in good con diti on.
=> He looked for a car whose engine was in good con diti on. 他在找一部弓I 擎状况好的车子。
What的用法
重点:
What = the thi ng(s) which
=all that
=anything that
The thi ng which I want is p eace of mind.
=> What I want is peace of mi nd.我所析是心灵的平静。（经典口语句）
She told the detectives all that they wan ted to know.
=> She told the detectives what they wan ted to know.她告诉侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。
I don't know what they were talki ng about.
我不知道他们谈论的事情。（关系代词）
我不知道他们在谈论什么。（疑问词）
注意what的重点:
1. What is called/ what we(you, they) call 所谓的
She is what is called /what we call a walk ing dicti on ary.他是所谓的活字典。
A is to... What
B is to ... A之对…的关系正如B之对…的关系
Air is to us what water is to fish.空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
What A is (was/used to be)今日的A (昔日的A)
She is not what she was ten years ago.她不再是十年前的她。
What is +比较级更…的是
What is more更好的是；而且
What is worse = to make matters worse 而且更糟的是
关系代词可省略
关系代词作宾语可省略
The lady (whom) we met on the street is our teacher.我们在街上遇见的女士是我们的老师。
关系代词作补语可省略
She is not the beautiful girl (that) she was. 她现在不像以前那么漂亮
在there(here) is (are)的句型中，关系代词可省略。
There is some one (who) wants to see you. 有人想要见你。
There are many young men who are aga inst him.有许多年轻人反对他。
注意：在there be开头的句子中，要注意be动词的单、复数要与关系代词who后面的谓语动词的单复数保持一致。
关系代词后有there(here) is (are)关系代词可省略。
This is the only tie (that) there is in this store.这是这家店里唯一的一个领
-H-h
r带o
one of 与the (only) one of 的区另U