汽车专业英语

1.3The main purpose of the gearbox is to provide a selection of gear ratios between the engine and driving wheels, so that the vehicle can operate satisfactorily under all driving conditions.变速器或变矩器的主要作用是在发动机与驱动轮间具有一个可选择的齿轮比，以便车辆可以在各种运行工况下满意地工作。

1.5The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants, thus helping to keep the vehicle on a controlled an level course, regardless of road conditions.悬架系统的基本作用是吸收由不规则路面引起的振动，从而有助于把车辆保持在一个受控的水平方向上，否则振动将传至车辆和车辆上的乘员。

2.6The throttle valve is simply a round disc, mounted on a thin pivot shaft so that it can be tilted at different angles under the control of the accelerator pedal.节流阀是一个安装在一个细枢轴上的简单的圆盘，所以在加速踏板控制下，能够以不同角度倾斜。

2.9To ensure the burn is always completed at the correct time-whatever the load conditions and engine speed-compensation adjustments must be made to advance timing of the ignition spark

with:(1)increasing air-fuel mixture pressure, and, (2)increasing engine speeds.为了确保无论在何种负荷和速度下总在正确的时刻完全燃烧，必须进行修正调整以使点火正时随着空气—燃油混合气压力和发动机速度的提高而提前。

2.11Should rotating or sliding parts be permitted to come into contact with each other, through failure of the oil supply, the resulting friction would cause heat expansion, binding and destruction of the entire engine.如果允许转动的或滑动的零件由于供油中断而相互接触，则由此而引起的摩擦会导致热膨胀、粘结和整个发动机的毁坏。

3.5Through the use of a mixture control solenoid or vacuum modulator, the air/fuel ratio can be adjusted by metering the air in the air bleeds and/or fuel in the fuel metering circuits.由于使用了混合气控制线圈

或真空调节器，通过控制从泄气孔中析出的空气和燃油计量电路，可以调节空燃比。

4.3It is bolted to the engine flywheel and its main purpose is to exert pressure against the clutch plate, holding the plate tight against the flywheel and allowing the power to flow from the engine to the transmission.压盘用螺栓联接在发动机飞轮上，其主要作用是向离合器片施加压力，使离合器片紧贴飞轮，从而把动力从发动机传到变速器。

4.5The engine torque is applied at the input shaft of the gearbox and is transmitted to the countershaft by means of a smaller gearwheel on the input shaft and a larger gearwheel on the countershaft.发动机转矩施

加到变速器输入轴上，并且通过输入轴上的小齿轮和中间轴上的大齿轮传到中间轴。

4.10The engine crankshaft being arranged at right angles to the rear axle, it follows that at the back axle some form of gearing must be provided to transmit the power to each of the rear wheels, and at right angles to the propeller shaft.发动机曲轴与后轴成直角，因此必须在后轴上安装某种类型的齿轮装置，以便把动力传递到其轴线与传动轴成直角的每个后轮上。

5.7As the speed of the turbine catches up with the pump, the fluid starts hitting the stator blades on the backside causing the stator to turn in the same direction as the pump and turbine.在涡轮速度追赶

泵的过程中，油液开始击打后端的定子叶片，使定子与泵和涡轮相同的方向旋转。

5.9Since the torque converter housing is directly connected to the engine crankshaft, the pump will produce pressure whenever the engine is running as long as there is a sufficient amount of transmission fluid available.由于变矩器壳直接与发动机曲轴相连，只要发动机运转并有充足的变速器油，泵就会产生压力。

6.1The mechanism consists of a steering gear box, pitman arm, drag link, tie rods, steering arms, and steering knuckles, the latter supporting the front wheels.该机构由转向器、转向垂臂、纵拉杆、转向横拉杆、梯形臂和转向节机构称转向节支承着前轮6.4When the steering wheel starts to move in either direction, the valve opens its ports it send fluid under pressure into the main chamber of the steering gear.

当转向盘开始向某个方向转动时，阀门通道开启，把液压油输送到转向装置的主室。

7.3A piston in the master cylinder is connected to the brake pedal, so that when the driver depresses the pedal the fluid is forced out to each slave cylinder and operates their pistons.制动主缸中的一个活塞与制动踏板相连，所以当驾驶员踩下踏板时，迫使油液向外流到每一个制动轮缸并使它们的活塞移动。

7.9Such anti-skid systems are useful on slippery surfaces, such as ice and snow, where the wheel may lock easily.这样的防滑系统在车轮易于抱死的溜滑路面诸如冰、雪路上是有用的。8.2If the battery were the only supply of electrons

necessary to operate all of the automotive electrical

equipment, it would soon become discharged.假如全

部汽车电器工作所需的电只由蓄电池供给，那么蓄

电池很快就会把电放完。

8.6This, in turn, triggers the ignition spark voltage in

synchronism with the trigger signal pulses.与触发信

号脉冲同步，功率开关晶体管依次触发点火电压。

10.6 Although much of a car can be recycled and is

being recycled ,the increasing use of-usually

unrecyclable-plastics is a growing problem, and the

disposal of used lubricants, tyres, batteries, etc, also

causes concern.尽管汽车的大部分可以重复利用，

但通常不可循环使用的塑料用量的不断增加是一

个越来越严重的问题：而且使用过的润滑材料、旧

轮胎、旧蓄电池的处理也引起关注。

10.11However electric vehicles are no panacea,

because their widespread introduction will require

changes in transport infrastructure as well as safety

legislation, and ,at present, electric vehicles lack the

performance and range of their internal combustion

counterparts. 然而，电动汽车不是灵丹妙药，因为

他们的广泛使用将要求广泛使用将要求运输基础

设施及安全法规的变更：并且，到目前为止，电动

汽车还不具有与之相对应得内燃机所具有的性能

和品种。

11.3The question of environmental impact therefore

no longer remains a micro-consideration but become

a macro-issue---affecting not only the developed

countries that consume materials but also an

increasing number of developing countries that now

produce them.因此，环境影响的问题不在是一个微

观考虑，而是变成一个宏观问题，不仅影响消耗材

料的发达国家，而且影响目前生产他们的日益增多

的发展中国家。

11.6In certain developing countries and in eastern

Europe ,appalling environmental problems have been

caused by badly controlled metal processing plants,

where noxious substances have been released into the

air.在某些发展中国家和东欧，失控的金属加工厂

已引起令人惊骇的环境问题，有毒物质已释放入大

气。

12.1 It is not possible to compare directly the amount

of emissions put out by, say ,a petrol car and a diesel

bus because their engines are tested for emissions in

different ways and the results given in different units.

直接比较由一辆汽油轿车一辆柴油公共汽车产生

的排放量是不可能的，因为他们的发动机排放量的

检测采用的是不同的方法，试验结果所用的单位也

不同。

12.3 These individual results are given weightings to

represent a real-world operating regime for the

engine and the total is adjusted for the power output,

and the results given in g/kW*h.这些结果被加权以

表示发动机的实际工作状态，其总量根据功率输出

修正，所以结果用g/kW*h作为单位。

14.8As to whether park-and-ride results in a

significant reduction in car traffic is difficult to

discover, but as Dickins notes, by increasing the

capacity of the overall transport system they can take

the pressure off the road network and may reduce the

need for additional road investment.至于停车-——

乘坐设施导致汽车交通的明显降低是难以看出的，

但正如迪肯指出的那样，增大综合运输系统的通行

能力，可以减弱道路网的压力并可以减少对道路投

资的需求。

15.3In general, the greater the number of people

involved in an accident of a given severity (in this

case severity is measured by speed of impact with a

wall),the greater the chance of it being an injury

accident, and therefore of being included in the

national statistics .一般而言，在一个具有一定严重

程度的事故中（这里，严重程度与墙壁碰撞的速度

衡量），所涉及的人越多，侧该事故成为伤害事故

的机会越大，因此该事故被包括进国家统计资料的

机会越大。

15.6 By comparing numbers of deaths from 1930 to

1950 in 18 countries, it was shown that there was an

approximate relationship between deaths per annum

per 100,000 population ,D/p, and N/p the number of

vehicles per 1000 population, represented

mathematically by D/p =0.0003(N/p).通过比较

18个国家从1930到1950年的死亡数据表明：在

每100000人中年度死亡率（D/p）与每100000人

口车辆拥有量（N/p）之间存在近似关系，用数学

公式表示为D/p=0.0003(N/p).

16.2Woman failed to see hazards more frequently,

were less skilful and less able to execute difficult

manoeuvres, while men were more likely to drive too

fast , overtake improperly and be under the influence

of alcohol.妇女不能看到危险的情况很多，较不熟

练，进行困难操作的能力不足；而男子可能会超速

行驶和不恰当的超车，且易受酒精的影响。

16.3The time to react to an artificially produced

signal such as a flashing light lies between 0.25 and

0.6 sec.; it is least for young persons and increases

with age.对于人工产生的如闪烁灯那样的信号，反

映时间在0.25~0.6秒之间。青年人反映时间最短，

并随着年龄增长而增长。

16.5 rates of absorption vary so much with the type

of drink, how long it takes to drink, whether food has

been eaten ,body weight and fatty tissue that the level

at any time is uncertain.吸收速率是那样强烈的随着

酒的种类、饮酒过程的长短、是否吃过食物、体重

和脂肪组织而变化，以至于在任何时候（血液中酒

精）含量是不确定的。

17.2 very narrow shoulders, where these are provided,

less than 6 feet(1.8m) wide, have been found to be

associated with higher accident rates than wider

shoulders, and although the evidence is not vey

strong it is in accordance with expectation.在具备路

肩的地方，表现出少于6英尺（1.8米）的很窄的

路肩比宽路肩对应于较高的事故率，尽管证据不是

非常充分，可这与预期相一致。

17.7 On rural dual carriageway roads, too. The most

common type of junction accident is one in which a

vehicle turning right is hit by another vehicle

travelling straight along the major road-usually the

turning vehicle is struck by a following or overtaking

vehicle.在郊区有中央分隔带的车行道上，交叉口

事故的一般类型是主干道上的直行车辆撞右转弯

车辆，——通常，转弯车辆被跟随车辆或超越车辆

碰撞。

18.1 stiff tyres at the front and soft ones at the rear

or a center of gravity too far to the rear result in

…oversteer? , so that the rear tends to swing round in

cornering ,with possible instability in cornering or

manoeuvring.刚性大的轮胎装在前轮，刚性小的轮

胎装在后轮，或重心离后轮太远导致过多转向，在

转弯时后轮易于滑转，在转弯或操纵时可能失稳。

18.2 as speed around corners increases, the steering

wheel has to be rotated further and further to get

around a particular corner, until, finally, if

understeering is very pronounced, the vehicle refuses

to take the corner at all, and , if the wheel is rotated

still further ,the front wheels skid and the vehicle

goes straight on.随着转弯速度的提高，转向盘转角

需越来越大以转过给定的弯道；直到最后，如果不

足转向非常明显，侧车辆根本不能转弯，此时若扔

过多转动转向盘，前轮打滑而车辆直行。

18.7 on dry roads, u for car tyres is always high and

does not vary appreciably with speed, except when a

locked wheel skids along a road at high speed and

melting of the rubber or of the road surface takes

place in the tyre track, when the coefficient may

decrease below the normal value of 0.8 to 1.0.在干路

面上，除了一只车轮抱死在告诉下沿道路滑移时，

轮胎轨迹上的橡胶或道路表面发生融化，系数u

可能降低到正常值0.8~1一下，其他时候轿车轮胎

的u值大于0.8~1，且不随车速产生明显变化。

19.6 The load on the driving wheels may be several

times greater when the vehicle is loaded and if

braking is just adequate for a full load the rear wheels

would immediately lock if fully applied when the

vehicle was unladen.

当车辆装载时,驱动轮上的负载可能大若干倍,如果

制动刚好适应于满负荷,则当车辆不装载时施以制

动,后轮可能立即抱死.

19.9 on a wet road, if the tyre to road adhesion at

the rear wheels of tractor is less than that at the front

wheel, because of differences in tyre pattern or wear,

the rear wheels can lock without the front ones, even

when the load-sensing valve is in correct adjustment.

在湿路面上,如果因轮胎花纹或磨损程度的不同,牵

引车后轮轮胎与道路的附着低于前轮,即使感载调

整正确,后轮可能抱死而前轮未抱死.

22.1 protective measures for occupants are of two

kinds:1)devices which restrain and control the

movement of the occupant, bringing his body to rest

by applying as little force as possible and preventing

with the interior of the car, and2) alterations to the

construction of the car.

对汽车乘员的保护措施有两类:1)通过施加尽可能

小的作用力,限制和控制乘员的运动,从而防止其与

汽车内部碰撞的装置;2)汽车结构上的改造.

22.8 the principal findings are that both the front of

the car and the top surface of the bonnet should be

covered with compressible energy absorbing

materials, giving a considerable depth of crush,

greater at the front that on the bonnet.

只要发现是:应在汽车前部和发动机盖表面覆盖可

压缩的吸能材料,以相当深的且前部深于发动机盖

表面的压实深度.

23.1 On roads where street lights are positioned at

intervals of not more than 200 yards(defined as a

…restricted? road), an overall speed limit of 30mph

applies to all classes of vehicle unless alternatively

lower speeds are indicated by signs or unless the

vehicle itself is subject to a lower limit by reason of

its construction or its use.

在街灯设置间隔小于200码的道路(定义为受限道

路)上,各类车辆的总速度限制为每小时30英里;但

在有标志指示较低速度限制或由于汽车本身结构

及使用的原因,需遵循较低车速限制时除外.

22.5 motor cars and dual-purpose vehicles must

observe the 70mph limit on motorways and

dual-carriageway roads and 60mph on

single-carriageways and the appropriate lower limits

on all other occasions.

轿车和双用车辆在高速公路和有中央分隔带的车

行道上必须遵循每小时70英里的速度限制,在没有

中央分隔带的车行道上为每小时60英里,在所有其

他场合遵循适当的低速限制.

22.9 However, drivers of such vehicles have a duty to

take particular care when exceeding statutory limits

and could face proceedings of an accident results

while exceeding the limits.

然而,当超过法定限速时,这些车辆的驾驶员有责任

特别当心;并且,若超过车速限制时引起事故,他们

可能被诉讼.

24.3 On some steep slopes of two-lane motorway

sections, heavy goods vehicles(i.e.over7.5 tonnes) are

banned from using the lane; these bans are clearly

signposted on the approaches to the appropriate

section indicating the extant of the banned section

and the vehicles prohibited from using the outer lane.

在一些高速公路的陡坡路段上,重型载货汽车(即超

过7.5吨)不允许使用外车道,这些禁令所涉及的路

段及车辆用树立在进入相应路段处的路标清楚地

标明.

24.7 If red lights flash above any or all of the lanes,

vehicles in those lanes must stop at the signal. It is as

must of an offence to fail to stop at these red lights as

it is ignore automatic traffic signals.

如果在各车道或某车道上方的红灯闪烁,行驶在那

些车道上的车辆应在信号处停车.在这些红灯处不

停车属违法行为,它同忽略自动交通信号错误行为

一样经常发生.

25.6 The savings mentioned will only achieved if the

tyres are in good condition, are correctly inflated to

the manufacturer?s recommended pressures and are

properly matched, especially when used in

twin-wheels combinations.

如果轮胎状态良好,按制造者推荐的气压充气并匹

配适当,才能获得所提到的燃油节省,特别当轮胎用

于双胎组合时更是如此.

25.7A driver with a heavy right foot will negate all

saving measures and devices and destroy any

expectations of acceptable fuel consumption.

驾驶员踩加速踏板重会抵消所有燃油节省措施和

装置的效果,并使预期中可接受的燃油消耗破灭.

26.6Information technology (IT)is quite simply the

means by which information is collected accurately,

fully analyzed, transmitted to all relevant functions

within and without an organization, and disseminated

by those charged with decision making.

信息技术(IT)的方式相当简单,据此可精确地收集

信息,充分分析,传输给所有机构内,外的相关职能

部门,并由具有决策职能的部门传播.

28.7Apart from the particular case mentioned below,

these are currently no legal maximum height limits

for other goods vehicles or for loads in Britain these

are, obviously, governed by the height of bridges on

the routes on which the vehicles are operated.

除以下提及的特定情况外,目前英国没有关于其他

货运车辆或载的法定最大高度限制;但很明显,这些

由车辆运行道路上桥梁的高度所决定.

28.8Also, if a vehicles were to be loaded to a height

whereby the load hit a bridge on the route being used,

the operator could be accused under these regulations

of using a vehicles on a road for which it was so

unsuitable as to cause, or to be likely to cause,

danger.

同样地,如果一辆车装载到一个高度而撞击到所有

行驶道路上的桥梁,驾驶员可能会被依照在道路上

使用车辆的规定受指控;在道路上使用车辆如此不

恰当,以致于引起或可能引起危险.

31.1The analogy to the flow of water in a river is

often used to describe organizations near the source

as upstream, and those near the end customer as

downstream.人们经常用河中水的流动进行类比，

把接近原材料的机构描述为上游，而接近最终顾客

的机构则为下游。

31.4To some extent, the term …supply chain? is

misleading in that it models a simple series of links

between a basic commodity such as milk and a final

product such as packaged cheese.在某种程度上，术

语“供应链”在描述一个基本物品与一个最终产品

之间的这样简单的系列环节方面存在误导。

32.3 Logistics supports competitiveness of the supply

chain as a whole by meeting end customer demand

through supplying what is needed in the form it is

needed, when it is needed, at a competitive cost. 总

之，物流以所要求的方式，所要求的时间，以及具

有竞争力的价格供给顾客所需要的物品来满足顾

客要求。

32.8While doing things the same way at the same

time may be great from a point of view of keeping

costs down, few markets are in tune with such an

idealized way of doing business. 从保持低成本的观

点出发，尽管在同样的时间用同样的方法做工作可

能有利，但很少市场采用这样一种经营业务的理想

方式。

1cylinder气缸transmission传动系suspension悬架clutch离合器propellor shaft传动轴differential差速器flexible joint万向节torque convertor变矩器steering wheel转向盘alternator交流发电机regulator调节器

2piston活塞crankshaft曲轴connecting rod摇臂distributor配电盘top/bottom dead centre上/下止点inlet valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀throttle节流阀contact breakers points断电器触点primary winding低压线圈thesecondary winding高压线圈ignition coil点火线圈spark plug火花塞vacuum advance离心提前detonation爆燃lubrication润滑lubricant润滑剂coolant冷却剂upstroke上升冲程nozzle喷油器

3catalyst催化剂hydrocarbon碳氢化合物carbon monoxide一氧化碳oxides of nitrogen碳氧化物solenoid电磁线圈modulator调节器injection喷射relay继电器atomization雾化

4driven member从动件driving member主动件release lever分离杠杆bearing轴承gearwheel齿轮in mesh with与。。啮合input shaft输入轴countershaft中间轴output shaft输出轴final drive

主减速器worm蜗杆worm wheel涡轮

5automatic transmission自动变速器

hydraulic system液压系统gear set齿轮组sun gear 太阳轮ring gear齿圈planet gear行星齿轮groove 凹槽torque converter变矩器turbine涡轮机up-shift 换入高档down-shift换入抵档pitman转向臂pitman arm转向垂臂drag link纵拉杆steering knuckle转向节tie rod横拉杆King pin主销power steering动力转向caster主销内倾camber车轮外倾steering axis inclination主销内倾turning radium转弯半径master cylinder主缸slave cylinder辅助缸Anti-lock brake system防抱死制动系统booster助力器

8alternater交流发电机discharge放电regulator调节器stator定子armature电枢relay继电器starter起动机electronic switch电子开关synchronism同步photo-electric effect光电效应Hall effect霍尔效应10impact on碰撞dioxide二氧化物monoxide一氧化物sulphur硫fuel depot油库the three way catalytic converter三元催化转换器

12haulage运输

LCV=Light Commercial Vehicle轻型商用车辆

PSV=Passenger Single Vehicle单体式客运车辆HGV=Heavy Goods Vehicle重型载货汽车

Artic HGV=articulated HGV铰接式重型货运车辆LGV=Light Goods Vehicle轻型载货汽车

15occupant乘员pollision碰撞overturn翻车

16cross-sectional截面的median中间的superelevation超高gradient斜率crossroad十字路口

18oversteer过度转向understeer不足转向inflated tyre长期轮胎underinflate充气不足radial tyre子午线轮胎crossply tyre斜交轮胎adhesion附着力Neutral steer中性转向coefficient系数smooth tread 无纹胎面pattern tread花纹胎面

Automatically operated nonlocking brakes自动控制防抱死制动系统

19brake pad制动片driving wheel驱动车轮commercial vehicle商用车辆trailer挂车tractor拖拉机

22helmet安全帽visor护目镜

23passenger vehicle客车ambulance救护车speeding 超速行驶的

24dump truck自卸载货汽车

26vehicle tracking system车辆跟踪系统

Logistics物流

catalyst催化剂crankshaft曲轴

torque convertor变矩器spark plug火花塞

cylinder气缸differential差速器cylinder气缸detonation爆燃lubricant润滑剂

inlet valve进气阀top/bottom dead centre上/下止点P35.5

A one-way clutch is a device that will allow a component such as ring gear to turn freely in one direction but not in the other. This effect is just like that of a bicycle, where the pedals will turn the wheel when pedling forward, but will spin free when pedaling backward.

A common place where a one-way clutch is used is in first gear when the shifter is in the drive position. When you begin to accelerate from a stop, the transmission starts out in first gear. But have you ever noticed what happens if you release the gas while it is still in first gear? The vehicle continues to coast as if you were in neutral. Now, shift into Low gear instead of Drive. When you let the gas in this case go of, you will feel the engine slow you down just like a standard shift car. The reason for this is that in Drive, one-way clutch is used whereas in Low, a clutch pack or a band is used.单向离合器

单向离合器是一种允许它的部件，比如齿圈，在某一方向自由转动，但在另一方面上不允许的装置。它的效果就是像自行车，往前踏踏板的时候踏板带动车轮旋转，但反方向踏时就会自由旋转。

当处于前进档位时，单向离合器常常是用一档，当你从静止开始加速时，变速器从一档开动。但你是否曾注意到如果档位仍在一档，这时你不给油会发生什么？车辆会自动滑行。现在用低速档取代前进档，当你一直给油时，你会发现车辆行动缓慢，就像车。

这种现象的原因在于驱动，单向离合器，离合器组合件和镶边安装在这里。

P37.9Oil Pump

The transmission oil pump(not to be confused with the pump element inside the torque converter)is responsible for producing all the oil pressure that is required in the transmission, The oil pump is mounted to the front of the transmission case and is directly connected to a flange on the torque converter housing. Since the torque converter housing is directly connected to the engine crankshaft, the pump will produce pressure whenever the engine is running as long as there is a sufficient amount of transmission fluid available. The oil enters the pump through a filter that is located at the bottom of the transmission oil pan and travels up a pickup tube directly to the oil pump. The oil is then sent, under pressure to the pressure regulator, the valve body and the rest of the components, as required.油泵

变速器油泵（不要和变矩器里的泵混淆）产生几乎所有变速器所需的油压。油泵安装在变速器的前端，直接和变矩器壳的凸缘连接。由于变矩器壳直接与发动机曲轴相连，只要发动机运转并有充足的变速器油，泵就会产生压力。机油通过安装在变速器油盘底部的滤清器进入泵，并经软管直接回机油泵。如同所要求的那样，然后油液在压力下输送到压力调节器、阀体和其余部件。

P136.6