牛津英语八年级下Unit 5 Good manners 教案
仁爱版英语八年级下册Unit8 Topic1 SectionD 参考教案
Unit8 Topic1 SectionD 参考教案 Ⅰ. Material analysis 本节课建议教师用1课时上完。主要活动为Section D 的1a。 本课是本话题的最后一课，要求学生通过本课的学习活动，复习so…that…, such…that…和so that…结构，了解更多与服装相关的知识。本课通过对1a短文的阅读理解，在让学生了解服装的起源与功能等知识的同时，指导学生如何有效地完成任务型阅读。要求学生掌握黑体词discuss, 短语protect …from…和business, 谚语You are what you wear. 的用法，理解白体词skin, materials, uniform, kimono, sportswear, easy-going, saying和function的含义。通过本课学习，让学生了解着装的起源、发展历程及传递的信息。 Ⅱ. Teaching aims Knowledge aims： 1. 了解更多的与服装相关的知识。 2. 复习so…that…, such…that…和so that…的用法。 Skill aims： 1. 能针对所听语段的内容，识别语段的主题，获取主要信息。 2. 能引出服装的话题并进行简单的交谈。 3. 能通过关键词迅速理解短文大意。 4. 能根据写作要求和素材，整理出符合逻辑的短文。 Emotional aims： 了解着装的起源、发展历程及传递的信息。 Ⅲ. The key points and difficult points Key points： 1. 了解更多的与服装相关的知识。 2. 复习so…that…, such…that…和so that…的用法。 3. 有效地完成任务型阅读。 Difficult points： 能根据写作要求和素材，整理出符合逻辑的短文。 Ⅳ. Learning strategies
牛津初中英语8AUnit5全部教案
牛津初中英语8AUnit5全部教案 作者：未知英语教案来源：本站原创点击数：600 更新时间：2008-1-30 Unit 5 Birdwatchers Welcome to the unit and Comic strips Teaching goals: 1. To learn common names of birds. 2. To revise characteristics and appearance in the context of birds . 3. To learn sth funny about Eddie. Focuses: To memorize the names of common birds Difficulties: To express opinions about birds Step 1 Introduction 1. Write ‘birdwatcher and birdwatching’ on the Bb and elicit Ss’ comments from Ss about what it is. Prompt Ss by asking such questions: What do birdwatchers do? Why? Where? 2. Sum up Ss’ answers on the Bb. Step 2 Presentation/ Practice 1. T: Now Eddie is going to the market tomorrow. What is he going to do there? Is Eddie a birdwatcher? Why? Show the slides to Ss to arouse their interest. 2. Play the tape for Ss to listen and give their answers according to the tape and the pictures. 3. Get some pairs to act out the part according to the pictures on the slide show. Step 3 Activating 1. T: Lazy Eddie doesn’t know what a birdwatcher does in fact. But now we all know what to do to protect birds. Birds are the spirit of the nature, all of us have the duty to love birds and protect them. You see your friends are coming. Show Ss the pictures of different birds and help them learn their appearance and characteristics together. 2. Practice the names and their characteristics together. Step 4 Practice 1. Ss describe the birds according to the pictures of each bird, help them at any time. 2. Ask pair Ss to make up conversations like this: A：Which bird do you like best? B：I like ________ best. A : Why? B：Because it has__________. Step 5 Production 1. Ask more able Ss to describe the appearance and characteristics in front of the class. 2. Praise them at any time and encourage more and more Ss to give their opinions bravely. Step 6 Homework
仁爱版八年级下册英语unit8 topic2教案设计
仁爱版八年级下册英语-unit8-topic2教案 Unit 8 Topic 2 Section A Section A需用1课时。 重点活动是1a、1b和2。 教学目标： 1.学习It is+adjective +for...。 2.学习宾语从句的用法。 3.培养学生的集体主义观念。 教学过程： 第一步：复习 1.头脑风暴：让学生归纳学过的服装名称。如：jeans,scarf,overcoat等。 2.问答。例如:Do you like the jeans? Why? What’s it made of? 第二步:呈现 1.回答问题:Do you like the uniforms? Why? 2.听1a录音,回答问题: ①What will the school make for students? ②Do they like the uniforms?Why? ③Do they have any ideas to solve the problem? ④What does Miss Wang think about it? 第三步:巩固 1.读1a课文,学习生词,牢记以下的内容。 ①I don’t like uniforms because they will look so ugly on us. ②But a uniform is more comfortable and it can show good discipline. ③I think our school should allow us to design our own uniforms. ④A good school uniform would keep both teachers and students happy. ⑤You’d better make a survey about the styles of uniforms.
牛津译林版八年级上Unit8集体备课教案
课题8A Unit 8 Welcome to this unit 课型New 教学目标1. To learn the common names of natural disasters. 2. To help students to know different kinds of weather and disasters. 3. To arouse the students’ interest in natural disasters. 教学重点To learn the common names of natural disasters. 教学难点I was sleeping when it started to rain. 教学过程 教师内容备课札记Step1.Talking about the picture. (Show a picture with rainy weather) 1.Get students to talk about what happens in the picture. For example:What’s t he weather like? How is the weather? Is the rain heavy? 2.Review the words about the weather. Step2.Presentation. 1)Introduction:Hobo has some trouble. What has happened to him? Let’s have a look . 2)Students read comic strip. What’s the weather like? What happened to Hobo? What was bob doing when it started to rain? When did Hobohear the rain? What happened to Hobo’s house? Why doesn’t he want to go home? 4)Repeat the dialogue after the tape. 5)Have difficulties to explain. Be all wet全湿了 Mop all the water up用拖把把所有的水拖掉 I was sleeping when it started to rain. 当开始下雨的时候我正在睡觉。 Step3.Getting to know the weather
2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册unit4全单元教案设计
2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册第一课时 班级姓名小组 Unit4Why don’t you talk to your parents?时间 学生笔记栏 课题 学习目标 学习重点难点学法指导 Period1Section A(1a—1c) 1.知识目标： 1）识记重点词汇：allow,wrong,guess,deal,work out 2）掌握重点句型：①—What’s wrong? —I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night. ②Why don’t you talk to him about it? 2.能力目标： 学会用Why don’t you...?及should/could对他人的问题提出合理建议。 1.能够运用所学知识谈论问题和困难、提出建议并做出选择； 2.能根据对方所提出的问题，给出一些合理的建议. 自学+展示+反馈 一．导入 A：My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. What should I do? B: Why don’t you... C:You should/could... 二.自主学习 I.自读1a,完成短语。 学习过程1._____________与某人交谈3 _____________有空闲时间 5._____________与某人闲逛 2.___________________太多 4.allow sb.to do sth. __________ 6._____________课外辅导班 7._____________与某人吵架/打架8._____________直到半夜 9._____________有足够的睡眠10_____________保持健康II.完成重点句子。 1.为什么不和你的父母亲谈谈。 ____________________talk to your parents? ______________talk to your parents? 2,我没有任何空闲时间去做我喜欢的事情。 I don’t have_____________________do things I like. 3.我的父母不允许我和我的朋友出去闲逛。
英语人教版八年级下册unit8教学设计
Section A 初中2011课标版评论（1） 1教学目标 1、语言技能目标：能简单运用现在完成时询问最近已经发生的事，如：Have you read Robinson Crusoe yet? 并作肯定和否定回答；能运用最基本的现在完成时结构来谈论自己或他已经做完的事，如：I have read Little Women and Jack has read Tom Sayer. 2、语言知识目标：学习并初步掌握现在完成时的结构及基本概念，如：Have you read ...? 3、情感态度目标：通过讨论学生所读过的名著，使他们了解一些名著的大致内容，激发学生读书的兴趣，同时通过对名著的简单赏析，培养学生积极向上，不轻言放弃的良好品格。评论（1）2学情分析 由于大多数学生是首次接触现在完成时态，可能会觉得有点困难。教材以读过的名著为话题切入，帮助学生较好地理解理现在完成时。在此基础上，再进一步开展讨论，学习带有already 与yet的现在完成时态，较快地激发学生的学习积极性，从而达成本课的教学目标。评论（1）3重点难点 1、重点词汇：island, treasure, full of, classic 2、重点句型：Have you read Robinson Crusoe yet? Yes, i have. I have already read it./ No, i haven't. I haven't read it yet. Has he read Treasure Island yet? Yes, he has. / No, he hasbn't. 3、话题：Famous books. 4教学过程4.1 第一学时教学活动评论（0）活动1【讲授】Unit8Have you read Treasure Island yet Step 1 Warming-up Show a short video about Robinson Crusoe for the ss to watch before class. Then in class talk about the movie with the students: Do you know the movie? What is the name of it? (Robinson Crusoe) Have you watched the movie yet?
牛津英语8A Unit4 Reading (1)教案
牛津英语8A Unit4 Reading (1)教案 江苏无锡宜兴丁蜀二中刘琳琼 一、教案背景 动物是我们人类的朋友，我们有责任和义务去保护它们，但随着现代工业的发展而导致的环境污染，人类对森林资源的乱砍乱伐，一些野生动物濒临着危险，它们生存的环境遭遇了破坏，有些野生动物甚至到了灭绝的地步。大熊猫是中国的国宝，目前，它们也处于困境中，全世界大概还幸存2000多只大熊猫，所以保护野生动物，保护大熊猫是全世界的呼声，还野生动物一个自然生存的环境，给大熊猫一个安静、舒适的家刻不容缓。 二、教学课题 牛津英语8A Unit4 Reading (1) 三、教材分析 本单元是8A第四单元第二模块“Reading”的第一个课时，话题是关于野生动物的一些知识，阅读部分是这个单元的核心内容，它的任务不仅仅是训练和提高阅读技能，也涵盖了语法、词汇和知识点等内容，同时它还承担着培养正确的情感态度、价值观等更为抽象的深层意义。所以，根据八年级学生的理解水平和知识结构，本篇阅读课我安排2课时，初读和深读为第一课时，理解运用为第二课时，我的教案为第一课时。 四、教学方法 本单元的主题是谈论大熊猫的成长过程以及保护大熊猫生存环境的措施，教学内容能激起学生的兴趣，通过多媒体课件为学生创设更多的语言环境，激发学生主动参与的欲望。因而在课堂教学中巧妙运用教学艺术，适当安排猜谜及小组讨论，使学生在轻松愉快的环境中实现更多的信息交流，让学生在做中学，在做中练，在做中巩固，从而有效地提高课堂教学效益，达到事半功倍的效果。
阅读设计思路：快读(Fast Reading)——精读(Intensive Reading)——操练(Practising)——巩固(Consolidation)。 五、教材重点、难点 教材重点： （1）重点词语： the baby panda look like be born grow into at the very beginning bamboo shoot in the future cut down in danger take the actions encourage sb. to do sth. （2）重点句型： We called her XiWang When XiWang was born, she weighed just 100 grams. XiWang drank her mother’s milk for up to 14 hours a day. Sadly, it is very difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild. （3）重点语法：if引导的条件状语从句 教材难点： （1）讨论如何采取措施保护我们的生态环境？ （2）呼吁全社会保护自然生态环境，爱护野生动物。 六、教学目标： 1、语言知识目标： 1）掌握并能灵活运用本单元出现的重点词汇 2）熟悉if引导的条件状语从句的用法 2、语言技能目标： 通过本课的学习，培养学生良好的“听、说、读、写”的技能，使学生能运用所学知识解决相关情景中的一些类似问题，并能结合所给任务，综合运用新旧知识解决问题，在此基础上鼓励学生大胆根据自己的语言基础能力，就如何来保护我们的生存环境，保护野生动物提出独特的见解。
人教版八年级英语下册unit4教案
Unit 4 Why don 'tyou talk to your parents 教材解读本单元的中心话题是人际交往，与学生实际生活紧密相关，主要探讨当代中小学生所面临的种种压力 和困境，并针对这些问题给予合理的建议。通过学习本单元，学生应能询问、陈述自己或他 人的困难和麻烦，能针对别人的困境提出解决的办法和建议。语法部分主要是关于学生能正 确使用情态动词could，should 表达建议或劝告，能正确使 用Why don 'you ??句型表达建议，能正确使用连词until , so that, although等。通过学 习本单元，学生应能反思生活中常见的家庭矛盾以及与家长、同学、朋友之间的沟通问题，并学会用正确的态度对待这些问题。在本单元中学生还能了解中西方家长对待孩子参加课外活动和课外学习班的态度与做法，有利于学生学会换位思考，帮助他们逐步建立正确、积极的生活态度和价值观。 单元目标 一、知识与技能 1. 掌握重点词汇和短语：until，so that，although ，look through ，big deal，work out，get on with , cut out, compare ?? with , in on e 'op inion 2. 掌握重点句型：What S wrong What S the matter You could / should …Why don't you ? 3. 培养听说读写各项基本技能同时注重培养在语境中猜测词意的能力。 二、过程与方法采用直观教学法、情景教学法、讨论、角色表演等方法，学习知识，培养能 力，养 成好习惯。 三、情感态度与价值观通过学习，了解生活、学习中常见的矛盾和困难，能合理表达自己的 观点和看法， 给别人提出合理的建议，逐步建立正确、积极的生活态度和价值观。 教法导航采用直观教学法，情景教学法，遵循以学生为主体的原则。 学法导航采用自主学习、小组合作、分角色表演等学习策略。 课时支配 第 1 课时：Section A 1a-2d 第 2 课时：Section A 3a-4c 第 3 课时：Section B 1a-2e 第 4 课时：Section B 3a-Self Check 课时教案
【配套K12】八年级英语下册Unit8教案
八年级英语下册Unit8教案 Unit8topic1 1）so…that…如此…以至于….，that引导的是结果状语从句，其结构是so+形容词或副词+that从句。 ）so…that…可以换成such++形容词+名词。 ouldlie作为一个固定结构后接名词，代词，不定式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾补，表示想要的意思。 ）ouldliesth.想要某物；Iouldliesoericeandpor。我想要一些米饭和猪肉。 ）ouldlietodosth.想要做某事。 ）ouldliesb.todosth.想要某人做某事。 ouldlie=ant想要 be为助动词，ade是及物动词ae的过去分词，of后接宾语，beadeof的主语通常为成品。Beadefro后的原材料则看不出，beadein主语是成品，介词in后为产地，beadeinto 主语为原材料，介词into后接成品。 Thetableisadeofood。这桌子是由木头制成的。 Paperisadefroood。纸是由木材制成的。 Thebisadeinhongong。这把梳子是香港制造的。 Ironisadeintonives。铁可以制成小刀。 afford常接在can，could，beableto之后，意为担负
的起；抽的出。Afford还有提供，给予，出产的意思。 onsale上市；折价出售，减价出售。 Forsale待售，供出售。 though是从属连词，引导让步状语从句，和连词but不能连用，但翻译时需译为但是。如：thoughAustraliaisverylarger，thepopulationisquitesall。虽然澳大利亚面积很大，但是人口却很少。 suchas像，诸如，例如。 opportunitiessuchasthisdidnoteeveryday。这样的机会不是天天都有的。 .lie是名词，意为喜好，爱好，反义词为dislie eallhavedifferentlieanddislie，我们各有不同的好恶。 dependon意为依靠，依赖，随…而定，取决于。 Thecountrydependonitstouristtrade。这个国家主要依靠旅游业。 It/thatdepends那得看情况。 Dependonsb./sth.。依靠某人，信赖某人某事 Dependonsb.todosth./doingsth.。指望某人做某事。 Dependon=dependupon generally通常，一般的，一般放在句首。
牛津英语8A Unit8教案
年级Grade 8 科目English 单元Unit8 课题Comic strip & Welcome to the unit 课时 1 课型new 教 学目标知识与 能力 1 通过漫画引出自然灾害的话题。 2 初步接触过去进行时。 3 了解几种常见自然灾害的英文名称。 重点 词汇：natural accident wash village lightning storm rainstorm thunder 词组: start to rain half an hour later lose the game kill thousands of 难点disaster mop earthquake typhoon mop all the water up crash into a tree 教学设计详案二次备课内容Teaching procedures: Warm-up activities 1 Read the conversation between Eddie and Hobo. Allow Ss enough time to make sense of the comic strip: heavy rain—Hobo is wet and cold.—His house is wet. Try to elicit from Ss what might happened to Hobo’s house. 2 Ask some open questions about each picture. * What’s the weather like? * What happened to Hobo? * What do you think happened o Hobo’s house? * How does he fell at Eddie’s home? * Why doesn’t he want to go home alone? * Will Eddie help him? Ask two more able students to role-play the conversation. 3 Elicit from Ss other bad weather conditions. Presentation 1 Prepare Part A by providing more vocabulary to help Ss understand headlines in English. 2 Ask students to consider whether the disasters are natural and tick the appropriate boxes. Ss can do it individually and then compare their answers with a partner. Check the correct answers with the whole class and elicit a definition for a natural disaster. 4 Read the words in Part B
八年级英语下unit4教案
Unit4 He said I was hard—working (教学案) 罗天净 The first period 教学内容：Section A 1a--- Grammar Focus 1、教学目的和教学要求： Students learn to report what someone said. 2、教学重点和难点： A. 词汇 soap opera, surprise party, be mad at, on Friday night, a sur prise party, be mad at, not… anymore, bring …to , happen (on), Direct Speech, Indirect Speech. B. 语言 1.What did she say? She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. 2.Did you ever watch soap opera? 3.Ben told Lana that Marcia was going to have a surprise party for her. 4.She said she was mad at Marcia. 5.He told me he would call me tomorrow / the next day. 6.She said she could speak three languages. 7.What are some things happened on soap opera? 前置学习： 汉译英： 1、曾经；永远__________ 2、为她开一个惊喜聚会__________________ 3、对……非常愤怒，恼火__________________ 4、在星期五晚上________________ 5、不再________________ 6、带一些书到她家____________________ 7、肥皂剧里的故事情节是什么？___________________________________________？ 8、你知道的肥皂剧有哪些？_____________________________________? 新课检测 直接引语与间接引语互换。 用she/he said 将直接引语改为间接引语。（1---5） 1. I am a clever girl . 2. I am having lunch at school . 3. I can dance well . 4. I play football every day . 5. I don’t like my younger brother . 达标拓展 1. I’m mad at Marcia.我生玛茜娅的气。 “mad”在此意为“生气的，愤怒的”，be mad at....意思是“生……的气”，“对…… 发怒”，相当于be angry with。 eg. The teacher was mad at the boy. The teacher was angry with the boy. be mad about意为“对……迷的发狂” eg. I am mad about collecting stamps. get mad意为“变疯，变的恼怒” eg. I got mad yesterday because of his lie. 2. Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks to your house. “bring....to...”表示“（从别处把某人或某物）带来”。bring的反义词是take，表示把某人或某物“带走（到别处）”。 eg. Please bring the book to school tomorrow. Please take the empty cup away. 3、Lana said she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore. “not ……nay more”表示“不再”同义词是no more （一）、no longer与no more的意义区别
【教育资料】人教版英语八年级下册教案：Unit8 SectionB(1a-1d)学习专用
Unit8 SectionB（1a-1d）教案【教材版本与册数】新目标人教版八年级下册 【单元名称】Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 【课时】Section B1a-1d （第3课时） 教育资源
教育资源
附：教学活动设计
当堂测评Array练习： 一、根据句 意，选择方 框中的单 词并用其 适当形式 填空。 错误! 1．Do you like pop music or
________music? 2．Jack likes to listen to a ______called The Toms. 3．Mr. Black is an Englishman，but he speaks ________very well. 4．This is a book on science and __________． 5．—What are you doing，Alice? —I'm reading a __________about UFO. 二、单项选择。 1．She has ____ decided what to buy for her best friend. A．already B．yet C．still D．neither 2．Jack has ____ fed the dog，but he hasn't watered the vegetables ________. A．still；already B．already；yet C．yet；still D．yet；already 3. —Where are the flowers？ —You see，someone ____ them to the windows. A．moves B．will move C．has moved D．would move 4．I ____ the book Little Women yet，but I'll let you read it first. A．haven't read B．don't read C．won't read D．didn't read 5．Paula is pleased that she ____ her lost watch. A．finds B．found C．has found D．will find 当堂测评答案： 一、rock, band, French, technology, fiction 二、ABCAC 教育资源
苏教版译林牛津初中英语8AUnit8L7教案
英语（八年级上册） Unit 8 Natural Disasters Task 扬州市江都区第三中学张礼兰 I. Teaching aims and learning objectives By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1. give facts for writing; 2. organize ideas by making notes; 3. write an article about a natural disaster. II. Teaching contents 1. New words and phrases: share … with …, keep falling, nearly fall over, clear the snow, come from behind; 2. New structures: A snowstorm hit Beijing on Friday, 5 January. I was doing my homework in the classroom when Mr Wu came in. My parents could not get home that night because of the heavy snow. III.Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty 1. Organize ideas by drawing up an outline; 2. Write an article about a natural disaster in easy and clear English. IV. Teaching procedures Step 1 Lead-in 1. Compare two articles T: Today I am going to tell you a story about how Timmy survived the 1999 Taiwan earthquake. Listen to this, please In 1999, a terrible earthquake happened in Taiwan.
仁爱版八年级下册英语 unit8 topic1教案
Unit 8 Topic 1 Section A Section A 需用1课时。 重点活动1a、2和3a。 教学目标： 1.复习宾语从句的用法。 2.学习不同的服装名称，并能进行简单的交流。 3.学习be made of。 教学过程： 第一步：复习 链式操练，重点复习已学过的一些服装名称和感叹句。Teacher: What’s this? Student 1: It’s a coat. Teacher: Oh!What a beautiful coat! Student 1: What’s this? Student 2: It’s a skirt. Student 1: Oh!What a nice skirt! Student 2: What’s this? Student 3: It’s a... 第二步：呈现 使用课文1b的图片，推出“be made of”短语，问答。 1.—Hi,xxx.Y ou look so smart today. What a nice blouse!—Thank you. —What’s it made of ? —It’s made of silk. 2.—Hi,xxx.Y ou look so smart today.What nice sunglasses!—Thank you.
—What are they made of ? —They are made of plastic. 第三步：巩固 1.听1a录音并回答问题： ①What are Jane and Maria talking about? ②What is Maria’s Chinese Tang costume made of? ③What will they do after talking? 2.让学生听录音并跟读，完成1a。 3.学生两人一组表演1b。 第四步：练习 1.竞赛。完成2和3a。 2.教师口述3b，并将关键词写在黑板上，学生听3b并在教师带领下看关键词，复述3b。如：could—over there —what about—Shoes & Hats Section 3.双人活动。模仿3b，对3a进行谈论。请1—2组到班级前表演。 第五步：综合探究活动 要求同学们合作对生活中的物品进行调查，如： —What is the purse made of? —It’s made of leather(皮革). Section B Section B 需用1课时。 重点活动是1a和2a。 教学目标： 1.复习一般过去时。 2.复习服装名称。 3.继续学习be made of的用法。 4.学习怎样表达服装的规格。 教学过程： 第一步：复习
英语人教版八年级下册unit4 第一课时教案
英语人教版八年级下册unit4 第一课时教 案 Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parentsA1a-1c (第一课时)教案 【教学目标】 1.知识与技能 1) Words and expressions: allow，allow sb. to do… allow doing…, wrong, midnight, have/get into a fight with 2) Sentences: Why don’t you talk to your parents I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep. I don’t have any free time to do things I like. My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. I got into fight with my best friend. 3) Ss can use the knowledge they learned to talk about the problems and difficulties they had. Ss can give others advice and learn to choose the right advice. Ss can improve their listening, speaking and reading skills. 2.过程与方法： 通过情景对话，听力训练等任务型教学，掌握词语和重点句子，学会自主交流和角色表演。
八年级英语下册Unit8教案.doc
八年级英语下册Unit8教案 unit 8 topic 11. 1） so …that …如此…以至于….，that 引导的是结果状语从句，其结构是so +形容词或副词+that 从句。 2）so…that …可以换成such +（a/an）+形容词+名词。2. would like 作为一个固定结构后接名词，代词，不定式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾补，表示想要的意思。1）would like sth. 想要某物；i would like some rice and pork 。我想要一些米饭和猪肉。 2）would like to do sth. 想要做某事。3）would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事。would like = want 想要1. be 为助动词，made 是及物动词make 的过去分词，of 后接宾语，be made of 的主语通常为成品。be made from 后的原材料则看不出，be made in 主语是成品，介词in 后为产地，be made into 主语为原材料，介词into 后接成品。the table is made of wood 。这桌子是由木头制成的。（可以看出原材料）paper is made from wood 。纸是由木材制成的。（看不出原材料）the comb is made in hong kong 。这把梳子是香港制造的。iron is made into knives 。铁可以制成小刀。2. afford 常接在can ，could ，be able to 之后，意为担负的起（…的费用，损失，后果等）；抽的出（时间）。afford 还有提供，给予，出产的意思。3. on sale 上市；折价出售，减价 出售。 for sale 待售，供出售。7. （1）though 是从属连词，引 导让步状语从句，和连词but 不能连用，但翻译时需译为但是。如：