英语形容词的位置

英语形容词的位置
英语形容词的位置

形容词在句中的位置及其语法功能举隅

形容词是英语中比较重要的一类词,其主要功能是用来限制或描绘名词、代词。按其构成可分为简单形容词和复合形容词两类。如:

简单形容词:new,interesting,known,musical,yellow,instructive等。

复合形容词:water-covered,man-made,audio-visual,out- of- date ,five-year-old等。

按其功能可分为限制性形容词和描绘性形容词两类。如:

限制性形容词:medical,English,hunting,Christian,chemical等。

描绘性形容词:beautiful,grand,magnificent,good,nice,ugly等。

形容词在句中的位置大致有四种:①在名词前或名词后做定语;②在系动词后做表语;

③在动宾结构后做宾语补足语;④做状语。

Ⅰ.前置形容词与其它修饰语的排列顺序

人们在描述某一事物时往往会加上许多修饰语来进行描述或限定,许多人,特别是初学者,往往对多个修饰语的排列顺序感到束手无策,有的干脆依照汉语的排列习惯去处理,结果出现了中式英语。例如,在翻译“这两头憨态可掬的俄罗斯棕色大熊”时,按中文的顺序排列为:

these two funny Russian brown big bears

显然是错误的。其实,英语中修饰语的排列顺序还是有规律可循的。

首先,放在第一位的是限定词。包括冠词、指示代词、名词所有格和人称代词所有格等。例如:

the best way 最好的办法

Tom's strict parents 汤姆的严格的父母

this pretty little daughter of yours 你的这个漂亮的小女儿

其次是数词。包括基数词和序数词以及“next”和“last”。如果基数词和序数词放在一起,则序数词在前,基数词在后。例如:

the first two boys 开始的两个小男孩

the last three lessons 最后的三课

接下来是描绘性形容词。例如:

this country's famous singers and dancers 这个国家的著名歌唱家和舞蹈家

再就是表示大小、形状、新旧年龄和颜色的形容词。如:

a big vaulted hall 一个拱形大厅

the beautiful small garden 漂亮的小花园

that handsome tall young man 那个高个儿的英俊小伙子

the charming little white girl 这个迷人的白人小姑娘

最后是表示国籍、产地、用途以及制成材料等的词(包括动名词)。例如:

the pure black German hunting dog这条纯种德国黑色猎狗

把上面所举的各种形式按顺序排列在一起就是:

限定词(冠词、指示代词、人称代词所有格、名词所有格)+序数词+基数词+描绘性形容词+大小+形状+新旧年龄+颜色+国籍(产地)+材料(用途)

笔者在教学中用一句顺口溜完整、简洁地概括了这一排列顺序,收到了很好的效果,现恭录如下:

县婿鸡苗大,刑令杀国才。“县”指限定词;“婿”指序数词;“鸡”

指基数词;“苗”通“描”;“刑”即指形状;“令”指新旧年龄;“才”指材料。

依据上面的规则,我们可以轻易地将“这两头憨态可掬的俄罗斯棕色大熊”按英语顺序排列为:these two funny big brown Russian bears

事实上,英语中出现堆砌修饰语的现象极少。名词前的修饰语一般在两、三个左右。但在运用以上规则时还必须注意以下情况:

①有些程度副词修饰形容词时,词序会发生变化,例如:

a hot day

a rather hot day

rather a hot day

such a hot day

so hot a day

as hot a day as yesterday

too hot a day

How hot a day it is!

②同类的两个或两个以上的形容词修饰同一名词时,一般用逗号将其隔开,其词序可以互换,但一般是短在前,长在后。如:

He is a good, earnest, diligent student.

他是一个认真勤奋的好学生。

This is comfortable, well-made furniture.

这是一套舒服的、制作精良的家具。

③有时,为了强调某一个修饰成份,而将该成份提前。例如:

an old blind man

a blind old man

Ⅱ. 作后置定语的形容词

形容词做后置定语通常有以下几种情况:①以-ible和-able结尾的形容词习惯上放在被修饰词之后。如:

in every way possible 用各种可能的办法

things available 能得到的东西

the most pleasant place imaginable 能想到的最好的地方

此类形容词也可放在被修饰词之前而意义不变。

②修饰不定代词的形容词必须放在不定代词之后。如:everything necessary

something important

nothing serious

③以a-开头的某些表语形容词做定语时必须后置。如:child awake 醒着的孩子

lovers apart 分开的情人

cases alike 相同的情形

但如果这类形容词本身带有修饰语时,有些也可前置:half-asleep kids 半睡半醒的婴儿

somewhat-ashamed young man 稍许羞涩的年轻人

④修饰度量单位及时间段的形容词必须后置:

a snow drift six feet high 六英尺高的雪堆

a river 500 metres wide 五百米宽的河流

a long time ago 很久以前

five years old 五岁

⑤固定或习惯说法:

secretary general 总书记,秘书长

Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人

president- elect 当选总统

all the people concerned 有关人员

⑥两个以上形容词组成的词组或形容词短语一般需要后置。如:

He is the very man suitable for the job.

他是唯一适合做这项工作的人。

It is the first time that I have ever seen a man so young and so wise. 我是第一次看到这么年轻而又聪明的人。

It's the only matter worthy of attention.

这是唯一值得注意的事情。

Ⅲ.可前置又可后置的形容词

1.前置、后置意思不变这类形容词常用的有:past,nearby,upstairs,downstairs,enough,total,follow等。

例:They live in a nearby village/a village nearby.

There is a TV set in the upstairs room/the room upstairs.

They led a miserable life in the past days/ the days past.

We still have enough time/time enough to do it.

但在下面的一句中enough一般后置。

I'm not fool enough to believe that.

2.前置、后置意思不同这类词常见的有:present,absent,involved,concerned等。例如:

the present situation 目前的形势

all the people present 所有在场的人

Ⅳ.形容词除做定语之外,另一个重要的语法功能就是在连系动词的后面做表语。例如:

That story is very interesting.

Y our idea sounds reasonable.

The body of a hibernating snake feels cold.

形容词做表语须注意以下几点:

1.表示人的性格特征及行为处事方式的形容词可使用于祈使句。如:patient,kind,good,calm,careful,polite,cheerful,quiet等。例如:

Be quiet!安静!

Please be good to me!请对我好点儿!

2.只能用作表语的形容词

①表身体状况的形容词及a-形容词只能做表语。(少部分可做后置定语,见“Ⅱ.做后置定语的形容词③”)这些词有:ill,well,unwell,fine,asleep,awake,alone,afraid等。这些a-形容词往往不能使用程度副词very,quite,rather等来修饰,而必须使用其它方式来表达。例:

fast/sound asleep wide awake much afraid very much/all alone

②形容词后面接介词短语、动词不定式或宾语从句后做表语(或补足语)。在英语中,可接介词短语的形容词很多,并且形容词与介词的搭配基本固定。例如:

be busy with

be angry at/with

be satisfied with

be interested in

be fond of

be good at

be proud of

在某些形容词后可接不定式,且必须使用不定式的主动形式来表示被动含义。这类形容词有:heavy,light,difficult,easy,hard,fit,nice,good,pleasant,tiresome等。

例:The book is easy to understand.

That flat is pleasant to live in.

The box is too heavy to move.

可接宾语从句的形容词通常有:certain,glad,afraid,sure,sorry,confident等。例:I'm sure that he will come here.

I'm afraid that they won't come to our help.

We're very glad that you will go with us.

Ⅴ. 在动宾结构后做宾语补足语

They are working hard to make our country more beautiful.

他们在努力工作以使我们的国家更美。

I laid him down dead. 我把他放下,他死了。

Don't drink tea cold. 勿饮凉茶。

They left the door open when they came out. 他们出去的时候没有关门。

Ⅵ. 做状语,表动作的伴随情况或动作发生时主语所处的状态

Full of joy, they returned. 他们高高兴兴地回来了。

He fell down dead. 他死了,倒了下来。

She sat there, silent. 她一声不吭地坐在那儿。

Thirsty and eager to get a little rest, they went into a tea-house and seated themselves at a little table by the window.

口干舌燥,又想稍事休息,他们走进了一家茶馆,坐在靠窗的一张小桌旁。

英语口语中常用形容词

英语口语中常用形容词 这10个形容词是美国人日常生活中最喜欢使用的,都可以独立成句。美国人比较喜欢夸张,常常用这些词来表达赞叹,也可表达对人和事的赞美。如果别人问起你对某事或某人的印象,或者问起你的日子过得如何,你都可以随时脱口而出其中一个词! 1. amazing: 使人十分惊奇的;令人惊讶的 ☆ Y our English is amazing. 你的英语太让人吃惊了。 2. awesome: 极好的;很棒的 ☆ Wow! That's totally awesome! 哇!那真是太棒了! 3. cool: 好;妙;帅;酷;凉 ☆ Y ou look cool in your new suit. 你穿这套新衣服真酷。 4. cute: 漂亮的;可爱的;逗人喜爱的;聪明的 ☆ He's really cute. 他真可爱。 5. excellent: 优秀的;杰出的 ☆ Our teacher speaks excellent English. 我们老师的英语说得好极了。 6. fabulous: 极好的;绝妙的 ☆ A: How do you like the show? 你觉得这场表演如何? B: Fabulous! 棒极了! 7. fantastic: 极好的;了不起的 ☆ Y ou've got the job? Fantastic! 你得到那份工作了?太好了! 8. marvelous: 极好的;非凡的 ☆ That's a marvelous idea! 这主意真是棒极了。 9. special: 特别的;不寻常的 ☆ Y ou know, you are really special! 你知道吗,你真的很特别。

(英语)英语试卷分类汇编英语形容词(及答案)

(英语)英语试卷分类汇编英语形容词(及答案) 一、初中英语形容词 1.—What do you think of the TV program I'm a singer? —Great! I've never watched a ______ one. A. worse B. better C. bad D. good 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——你觉得电视节目《我是歌手》怎么样?——太棒了!我从来没看过这么好的节目。根据never可知,否定词+比较级=最高级,根据Great可知表示好,故是better,更好,故选B。 【点评】考查比较级,注意否定词+比较级=最高级的用法。 2.His grandfather did his best to keep the tree , but it died in the end. A. alive B. asleep C. absent D. awake 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:他的爷爷尽最大的努力让树生存,但最后它死掉了。A.活着的;B.睡着的;C.缺席的;D.醒着的。根据it died in the end.可知,但是树最后死掉了,可见爷爷是尽力让树活着,故答案是A。 【点评】考查形容词辨析,注意识记单词alive的意思。 3.—What do you think of the environment in your hometown? —It's Both the air and the water are badly polluted. A. not bad B. as good as before C. much better than before D. not as good as before 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——你觉得你家乡的环境怎么样?——没有以前那么好,空气和水都被严重污染了。从 Both the air and the water are badly polluted判断前面说的是不如以前好,not so...as表示不如,比不上,中间跟形容词原级。故选D。 【点评】此题考查形容词的原级。注意not as/so...as中间加形容词原级。 4.While watching the film yesterday, I couldn't stop laughing at some __________moments. A. humorous B. challenging C. dangerous D. surprising 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:昨天当看电影时,我在一些幽默的时刻禁不住大笑。humorous,幽默的;challenging,具有挑战性的;dangerous,危险的;surprising,令人吃惊的,根据I couldn't stop laughing,可知是在幽默的时刻,故选A。 【点评】此题考查形容词辨析。弄清所给的形容词的意思,根据上下文的联系确定所使用 的形容词。 5.— I tried several ways to work out the math problem, but of them worked.

(完整版)英语写作常用副词形容词

副词 常用的: actually 实际上;真实地[ Actually, it bores me stiff. ] totally 完全地[ I totally agree. 我完全同意。] eventually最后[ so that amazing progress eventually occurs in short periods.] recently 最近[ has recently come into fashion ] absolutely [是, 当然是; 正是如此Do you think so? Absolutely. 你是这样想吗? 当然是。] largely 很大程度上,大部分[largely depend on.....] basically 基本上 currently 现在,当前,普遍地,通常地 probably 大概,或许 surely 确切地[i'd surely be a hippie child] personally 就自已而言,亲自地 seriously 严肃地, 认真地, 严重地 表时间: afterwards然后后来, later稍后随后,eventually最后终于,hence 从此今后from this time/from now 从此今后 directly直接地立即, quickly很快地,shortly立刻不久,soon 不久马上 nowadays现今,presently目前不久,lately近来的, 表频率: constantly, continuously不断地经常地 repeatedly重复地再三地, frequently经常地, occasionally偶尔地, seldom很少不常, rarely很少地, yearly, monthly, weekly 表逻辑: accordingly 相应地In accordance; correspondingly. likewise同样地照样,* The food was excellent, (and) likewise the wine. 菜好极了, 酒也是. * I'm going to bed and you would be well advised to do likewise. 我要睡觉了, 你最好也睡吧. accordingly 因此, consequently因此, hence因此, thereby因此由此 merely只不过仅仅merely a flesh wound.仅仅是皮肉伤 furthermore, moreover, besides nevertheless, nonetheless; however仍然 * He is often rude to me, but I like him nevertheless.他时常对我粗鲁无礼, 但我还很喜欢他. In spite of sth;尽管, regardless 无论如何continues to work regardless.不顾后果地继续工作 表语气:

英语形容词练习题

英语中有的时候会出现一个名词前出现多个形容词来修饰它的情况,这个时候就要讲究形容词的顺序问题了。这种类似的题在英语考试中屡次出现,在新概念二的课文练习中也出现过! 现在这个口诀帮助孩子记忆形容词的顺序: 县:同“限”,指限定词。包括定冠词(the)、不定冠词(a, an)、表确定数量(three, five)和非确定数量的词(a lot of),以及物主限定词(his, my)等。 官:同“观”,指表示示人们观点的形容词(如beautiful,terrible, wonderful等)。 刑:同“形”,指表示形状的形容词(如long,short,round等)。 令:同“龄”,指表示年龄、时代的形容词(如old,new,young等)。 杀:谐“色”,指表示颜色的形容词(如red,green, orange等)。 国:同“国”,指表示国籍、地区的形容词(如Chinese, British,Canadian,German 等)。 豺:谐“材”,指表示材料的形容词(如plastic,metal,class等)。 口诀粘在一起就是“县官刑令杀国豺”:一个县官,准备动刑,下令要杀一个危害国家的宛如豺狼的罪人。 即学即练:请根据形容词排列规则完成以下练习: 1.She has a ___ jacket.(leather,brown,beautiful) 2.He has a ___ car. (American,long,red) 3.They live in a ___ house. (old,beautiful) 4.He has a ___ jumper. (woollen, lovely, red)

小学英语形容词的比较级专项练习

形容词加er的规则: ①一般的直接在词尾加er ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger , ②以e结尾的,直接加r ,如fine - finer , ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier ④以结尾,双写最后的字母再加er, 如big--bigger, thin--thinner ,hot–-hotter,sad--sadder,fat—fatter 另外多音节词,在多音节词前加more 如:beautiful--more beautiful,expensive--more expensive 除此之外,还有几个特殊的单词,它的比较级和最高级都是不规则。如:many / much(原形)- more(比较级)- most(最高级) little / few(原形)- less (比较级)- least(最高级) good(原形)- better(比较级)- best(最高级) bad (原形)- worse(比较级)- worst(最高级) far (原形)-- further-- furthest 一、请写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。 big ______ ______ small ______ ________ new ______ ________ tall ______ ______ short______ ________ old______ ________ weak ______ ______ strong ______ ______ fat______ ________ hot ______ ______ cold ______ ________ thin ______ ________ nice ______ _____ good ______ ________ high______ ________ bad ______ ______ much ______ ________ low______ ________ well ______ ______ far ______ ________ little ______ ________ cheap______ ______ easy ______ ________ ugly ______ ________ heavy ______ ______ cute ______ ________ fine______ ________ early ______ _____ tidy______ ________ bright______ ________ large ______ ______ happy ______ _______ pretty______ ________ young _______ _______wet _____ _______ long______ _______ clean_______ _______ dirty_____ ______ lovely______ _________ famous________ __________ boring __________ _____________ interesting ________ __________ important ________ ____________ delicious _________ __________

英语中形容词的分类

英语中形容词的分类 1. 品质形容词英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如: He's the happiest man on earth. 他是地球上最快乐的人。 The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。 这类形容词一般都能用于比较级,如bigger, simpler, younger. 2. 类属形容词这类形容词表示属于哪一类,如:

These subjects reflect our daily lives. 这些题材反映我们的日常生活。 这类形容词一般都不能用于比较级。 3. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如: His face went purple with rage. 他的脸气得发青。 这类词前面还可加light, pale, dark, deep, bright 等词,如: light brown hair 淡蓝色头发a pale green dress 淡绿色裙服

4. 强调形容词有些形容词起强调作用,如: I have perfect trust in his judgment. 我绝对信任他的判断力。 5. -ing 形容词 1)有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如: It was a tiring journey. 这真是一趟累人的旅行。 2)一些-ing形容词并不与动词有关,如:

neighbouring cities 邻近的城市a cunning trick 狡猾的计谋 6. –ed形容词 1)大多数-ed形容词都与及物动词有关,是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数为品质形容词,如: I felt depressed. 我感到很沮丧。 2)有些-ed形容词可说是类属形容词,也由动词的过去分词变来,但不能用于比较级,如:。

PEP小学英语常见形容词及比较级、最高级变化一览表

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初中英语语法知识—形容词的分类汇编(2)

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