任务型阅读专题(有答案)百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Decoding the young brain

There was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult. After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child, he asked the child, “What do you think about me？” The child answered, “You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult, the reply to the same question was, “I think you're a very interesting person.” Even if the adult f elt the same way as the child, his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer. He could have been annoyed, but his answer didn't reflect it because he was being polite.

The secret lies in the science of the developing brain. The child's honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn't equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question. As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult; it's just the way his brain works. As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood, that changes.

The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元). In order for our body to execute a command, like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room, the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other. They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things.

When the neurons send messages, perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious. Later, if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie, it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie. In an adult, he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences, like weight gain. But because the younger brain is more impulsive(冲动的), the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences.

That is becau se when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult. This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive. Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！”

To conclude, what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive. It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains. So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you, be prepared for any kind of answer.

dangerous；stronger/greater；necessarily

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说明了小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不是故意为之，而是因为儿童的大脑还没有发育完全，不具备在回答问题前过滤信息的功能导致的。

（1）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第一段“‘What do you think about me？’ The child answered, ‘You talk too much.’”可知，对于提出的问题，孩子的回答总是答非所问，脱离话题。故填off“脱离；离开”。

（2）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第一段中的“his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer”可知孩子得出答案前总是会考虑再三。且实验已经发生在过去，故填一般过去时thought。

（3）考查信息归纳的能力。第一段通过实验引出后文中分析造成这种现象的原因，故填phenomenon。

（4）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第二段“As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult;”可知虽然孩子会说一些伤人的话，但是他们并不是有意的。故第四题填连词although/though“虽然；尽管”。

（5）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“The human brain is made up of billions of

neurons”可知数十亿的神经元组成了人类的大脑。本句已经存在非谓语动词have，故make 做非谓语与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故填making。

（6）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us re member things.”可知神经元通过味觉或者触觉帮助我们记住事物，故一个人可能会把饼干的味道和吃饼干的记忆联系起来。故填associate。（7）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第五段中的“That is because when a child is young, his brain is ‘wired’ in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult.”孩子的大脑就会以一种“连线”的方式来寻找快乐，并且比成年人更愿意冒险。故可知一个年幼的孩子有一种寻求快乐和冒险的自然倾向，这是由他幼小的大脑决定的。故填tendency“倾向；趋势”。（8）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第五段“Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we hea rd a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！”可知即使父母警告过多次，孩子还是会去尝试危险和冒险的食物。故填dangerous。

（9）考查信息归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive.”可知成年人比小孩子控制冲动的能力更强、更好。故填stronger或greater。

（10）考查信息归纳的能力。根据最后一段“It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains.”可知因为大脑构造的关系，小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不一定总是因为淘气。故填necessarily。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳的能力的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而做出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

I have some gray hairs. Do l dare to count them? Just the fact that I have enough to count scares me, and turns getting old into a reality. I'm certainly getting older. We all are. But why does it have to happen so quickly?

We just celebrated my birthday. I say "celebrated" because we had cake and ice cream. For my kids, any excuse for ice cream and cake is a celebration. I'm not sure if to me it was a thing to celebrate, though. I like the special attention that birthday bring, but I don't wait for them 364 days of the year like my children do. For them, another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do. For an adult, another number means fewer things. that you can do, like "I can't run as fast as I used to…etc. "

I went with my children to the old-age home near my apartment building. We walked inside the door. The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought. Not so long ago, I was a bouncing preschool like my children. Not so long ago, there women were the mothers of small children. Fifty years ago, they were me, and in fifty years, I could be them. The visit, like my birthday, served as a reality check. "Life is so short and it goes by so quickly. Enjoy the moment that you are in, because you will never get it back, "I told myself.

This is also what I want to leave behind to my children. I decide to try to start just by not

complaining. In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good things about it, no matter how small the good things might be.

（1）What does the author like about birthdays?（no more than 10 words）

（2）Besides having an excuse for ice cream and cake, why do the author's children like birthday?（no more than 12 words.）

（3）What does the underlined word "bouncing" in Paragraph 3 mean?（I word）

（4）What is the main idea of the last paragraph?（no more than 10 words）

（5）What does birthday mean to you? Please explain why. （no more than 2 words. ）

【答案】（1）She likes the special attention that birthdays bring

（2）Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.

（3）Energetic.

（4）Try to find good things however difficult the situation is

（5）Open.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，生日意味着什么？不同的人对此有不同的诠释。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“though. I like the special attention that birthday bring”可知, 她喜欢生日带来的特别关注。故答案为She likes the special attention that birthdays bring.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“For them, another number means more privileges and more things th at they get to do.”可知, 除了借口冰淇淋和蛋糕, 作者的孩子喜欢生日是因为他们可以得到更多的特权, 做更多的事情。故答案为Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought.”我那些精力充沛的学龄前儿童和坐在门口轮椅上的老妇人之间的对比让我陷入了沉思。和“Not so long ago”不久前, 可知划线词的意思是"充满精力的"。故答案为Energetic.

（4）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good things about it, no matter how small the good things might b e.”在任何困难的情况下,我将试着找到好东西,无论多么小的好事。故答案为Try to find good things however difficult the situation is.

（5）开放题。此题是"生日对你意味着什么", 这应该是因人而变。故答案为Open.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，概括，归纳，从而做出正确答案。

3．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques

Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life,________. We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life.

⑴Start small

The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes.________. Instead, stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target.

The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.

⑵________

Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven't made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you've done and encourages you to keep going.

⑶Exercise your willpower

________. Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain.

The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective.

________, and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.

A. Build a support system

B. Measure your goals

C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand

D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people

E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management

F. However, it is easier said than done

G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day

【答案】 F；G；B；C；D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍三大自律的技巧。

A. Build a support system建立一个支持系统。

B. Measure your goals测评你的目标。

C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand意志力和自律相辅相成。

D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people自律是在很多成功人士身上都能找到的特征。

E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management自律和有效的时间管理有联系。

F. However, it is easier said than done然而说起来容易做起来难。

G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day你不会在第一天跑10公里来训练马拉松。

（1）根据上文提示自律是通向更健康、更快乐、更成功生活的关键。下文提示我们在下面分享一些自律技巧。承接上下文，However, it is easier said than done切题，该项中的However表示该句与上文构成转折关系，故选F。

（2）根据上文提示千里之行,始于足下。下文说相反耐力是通过比前一天的目标多做一点来建立的。承接上下文You don't train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day 切题，下文中的Instead表示前后句是一种转折关系，故选G。

（3）本题为标题选择。本段主要说保持自律需要动机，但是如果你很久没有取得进步你就很难保持动力。追踪系统让你知道你做了多少，鼓励你坚持下去。此处的tracking

progress应该指的是对你目标的测评，故选B。

（4）根据本段小标题Exercise your willpower (锻炼你的意志力) ; 再根据下文提示有时候，坚持完成任务是很困难的，但是通过提醒自己目标的意义和目标对你的意义，你就可以忽略暂时的诱惑而获得长期的利益。可知C项Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand.切题，故选C。

（5）上文提示上述自律技巧已被证明是非常有效的。再根据下文提示这是快乐充实生活的关键。承接上下文D项Self- discipline is a feature found in many succesful people. 切题，故选D。

【点评】在做七选五时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what's more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but(但是)、however (然而)表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。同时还要注意选项中代词的指代和小标题选择时是对段落的总结。

4．选词填空，并翻译划线句子

（1）选词补全短文

longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.

①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!

The theme park you are probably most ________ is Disneyland. ②It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a ________ world and make your dreams ________, whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you ________ around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a ________ or on the street. Of course, Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant ________ ships to ________ free-fall drops. With all these attractions, ________ tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.

（2）①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!________

②It can be found in several parts of the world.________

【答案】（1）various；famous for；familiar with；magical；come true；wander；parade；swinging；terrifying；no wonder

（2）不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。；世界上有几个地方有迪斯尼乐园。

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上有各种各样的主题公园，其中介绍了迪士尼主题公园以及公园内的游乐设施情况。

（1）①考查形容词。句意：世界上有各种各样的主题公园。结合句意可知表示"各种各样的"短语为various kinds of。故填various。

②考查固定短语。句意：有些公园以拥有最大或最长的云霄飞车而闻名，另一些则以展示著名的景点和文化的声音而闻名。结合句意可知表示"以……而闻名"短语为be famous for。故填famous for。

③考查固定短语。句意：你可能最熟悉的主题公园是迪斯尼乐园。根据句意可知表示"对……熟悉"短语为be familiar with。故填familiar with。

④考查形容词。句意：它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在太空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童话或迪斯尼卡通人物。world为名词需要形容词修饰，表示"神奇的世界"，故填magical。

⑤考查固定短语。句意：它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在太空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童话或迪斯尼卡通人物。根据句意可知表示"梦想成真"短语为make dream come true。故填come true。

⑥考查动词。句意：当你漫步在幻想游乐园，你可能会看到白雪公主或米老鼠在游行或在街上。结合句意可知表示"漫步"且为一般现在时，主语为you谓语动词用原形。故填wander。

⑦考查名词。句意同上。根据句意可知表示"游行"名词为parade。故填parade。

⑧考查形容词。句意：当然，迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆船到可怕的自由落体。修饰名词ships应用形容词，构成giant swinging ships"巨大的摇摆船"，故填swinging。

⑨考查形容词。句意：当然，迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆船到可怕的自由落体。修饰名词短语free-fall drops应用形容词，表示"可怕的"，故填terrifying。

⑩考查固定短语。句意：有了这些吸引人的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会增长。根据句意可知表示"难怪"短语为no wonder。故填no wonder。

（2）①考查状语从句。本句为whichever和whatever引导的让步状语从句，表示"无论哪一个""无论什么"，故译为"不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。"。

②考查被动语态。此处it指代主题公园，与谓语动词构成被动，翻译时注意符合中文的表达习惯。故译为"世界上有几个地方有迪斯尼乐园。"。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，固定短语，动词，名词以及非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查，并且含有两句英译汉，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式和正确的汉语翻译。

5．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it's connectedness. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the Internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling，constant worldly access.

I don't think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to show. Beyond the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more detrimental side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except ourselves. According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, and we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of dealing with ourselves.

However, we ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious in spite of being so intimately connected to everything else around us.

Fortunately, there is a solution. The only way to avoid being ruined by this is to face it. It's to let the boredom take you where it wants so you can deal with whatever it is that is really going on with your sense of self. That's when you'll hear yourself think, and learn to engage the parts of you that are masked by distraction.

The beauty of this is that, once you cross that initial barrier, you realize that being alone isn't so bad. Boredom can provide its own stimulation.

When you surround yourself with moments of solitude and stillness, you become intimately familiar with your environment in a way that forced stimulation doesn't allow. The world becomes richer, the layers start to peel back, and you see things for what they really are, in all their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and in all their unfamiliarity.

You learn that there are things you are capable of paying attention to than just what makes the most noise on the surface. Just because a quiet room doesn't scream with excitement like the idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't depth to explore there.

Sometimes, the direction that this solitude leads you in can be unpleasant, especially when it comes to introspection (内省)—your thoughts and your feelings, your doubts and your hopes—but in the long term, it's far more pleasant than running away from it all without even realizing what you are.

Being alone and connecting inwardly is a skill nobody ever teaches us. That's ironic because it's more important than most of the ones they do.

Solitude may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start.

blame；solution(s)；Instead/Rather/Actually；comprehensive/thorough/ overall；exploring；loneliness

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，信息技术的发展让我们可以和除了自己以外的一切事物保持联系，也让我们害怕孤独和无聊。事实上，独处不仅能让我们克服这种恐惧，也能让我们认清自己和更全面的看清问题。孤独也许不是解决一切问题的办法，但它确实是一个开始。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”But the downsides are also beginning to show. Beyond the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more detrimental side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except ourselves.“可知，让人们变得更近的科技最近展示出了缺点，那就是我们生活在一个除了和自己，我们和一切都有联系的世界。故可推出"科技的发展"和"我们和一切都有联系，除了自己"之间是转折意义。填Although/Though/While。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except ourselves“可知我们生活在这样的一个世界，除了自己我们和一切都有联系，即我们没能与自己联系，fail to do sth，固定短语，"没能做某事"。空格处是主句谓语动词，一般现在时，主语是we，故用动词原形，填fail。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we fear the silence of existence“可知我们害怕独处。此处考查用a__________ state of existence替换silence of existence，通过分析可知空格处应填形容词，a silent/quiet state of existence=silence of existence(独处)。故填silent/quiet。（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of dealing with ourselves.“可知我们害怕无聊，取而代之，我们选择漫无目的的分散注意力，用世界的噪音来阻止我们面对自己时的不舒适感觉。故第4空处可译为We feel so uncomfortable when dealing with ourselves that we __________ from it all我们在面对自己时感到如此不舒适以至于我们想要躲避/逃离/退缩，此处是句子谓语动词，根据feel判断为一般现在时，主语是we，故用动词原形，填escape/ hide/ shrink/ withdraw。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”However, we ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious“可知，我们却忽略了事实，那就是从未面对过自己是我们感到孤独和焦虑的原因。never facing ourselves is to ________ for our feeling lonely and anxious.从未面对过自己应为我们的孤独感和焦虑感负责。此处用be to blame for”对……负责“符合文意，由to判断此处用动词原形。故填blame。

（6）考查原词重现。根据此空后面列举的内容可知，它们都是解决孤独的方法，且原文中”Fortunately, there is a solution.“也有提示，根据the判断此处填名词。故填solution(s)。（7）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”you realize that being alone isn't so bad. Bo redom can provide its own stimulation.“可知你会意识到孤独并没有那么糟糕，无聊会提供它自己的刺

激。Being alone isn't so bad. __________ , you'll be stimulated by boredom.独处并没有那么糟糕，相反/事实上，无聊会刺激你，符合文意，又此处是修饰句子，应用副词，故填Instead/Rather/Actually。

（8）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的”The world becomes richer, t he layers start to peel back, and you see things for what they really are, in all their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and in all their unfamiliarity.“可知独处时世界变得丰富，层次开始剥落，你看到事物的本质，它们的全部，它们的矛盾处，和它们的陌生处，即你对看到的事物有更全透彻的理解。再结合名词views判断此处应填形容词，故填comprehensive/thorough/ overall。

（9）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”Just because a quiet room doesn't scream with excitement like the idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't depth to explore there.“可知，仅仅因为一个安静的房间不会让你兴奋的尖叫，就像你沉浸在一场精彩的电影或电视节目一样，这并不意味着没有深度去探索，即安静的环境可以让人集中精力去深度探索。故此处用"探索"符合文意，在结合前面的of判断此处应用动名词形式。故填exploring。

（10）考查推理判断。本文主要讲害怕孤独对我们的危害，以及独处和无聊的好处，再结合”Solitude is the first step you should take to save yourself from being ruined by ________ and anxiety.“可知独处是你避免被孤独和焦虑毁掉所采取的第一步，可以总结本文，又根据and anxiety可知空格处应填名词。故填loneliness。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和原词重现三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而写出正确答案。

6．阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。

I was in the country, Vietnam, from 1970 to 1971. I was a nineteen-year-old soldier. Six months after my arrival, I stepped on a land mine and lost my right foot. Although it was a painful experience, I also felt great relief and happiness. I knew it meant my plane ticket home. So I had mixed feelings after the accident.

Back in the US, I was fitted with an artificial leg and I threw away my uniform and my Purple Heart. They had no value to me. They reminded me of what I wasn't proud of and I had one constant reminder: one artificial leg.

Twenty-six years later, I participated in a bicycle race in Vietnam, which was designed for Americans and veterans (老兵) and civilians of Vietnam. In the race I formed a connection with Tran, a veteran of the former North Vietnam. Like me, Tran had also lost his leg due to a mine. But unlike me, he had also lost some family members in the Americans' bombing. He said he used to be filled with hate for Americans.

One day, I heard that he had slipped in the race by accident, and that his leg was hurting him. I offered him some medicine to ease his pain. He gave me a "thumbs up". He smiled his big smile. And that was enough. We had a special connection. Although language was an obstacle to our communication, it didn't hinder us from conveying our friendship. In the race, we found that we could relax and enjoy each other's company, even without words.

During the race, I found his prosthesis (假肢) was not good, so I considered arranging a new prosthesis for him after returning home. And I invited him to visit my country. Joyfully, he agreed. When I returned home, I talked with my friend Jim, who owned the company where my prosthesis was made. I told him about Tran and why he should have a new prosthesis. Jim agreed. Later, Tran travelled to my country. We got Tran a new prosthetic leg. I was happy to give something to him—and in a way, to his country. At my daughters' school, he talked about forgiveness. Despite their country's loss, he found the place in his heart to forgive.

He is my friend, and I am happy that now our friendship will continue for the rest of our life.（1）Why did the author have mixed feelings after the accident? (no more than 10 words) （2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean? (only 1 word)

（3）What did the author's friend, Jim, agree to do? (no more than 10 words)

（4）What was the change of Tran's feelings to Americans? (no more than 10 words)

（5）Why does the author say he and Tran will be friends for the rest of their life? Please give reasons in your own words. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）Because although he was injured, he could returned home.

（2）Prevent.

（3）To make a new prosthesis for Tran for free.

（4）He turned hate to forgiveness.

（5）Open.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去越南参加自行车比赛时，遇到了和他遭遇相似的越南老兵，他们心意相通，成为了朋友。作者回国后邀请Tran来美国并送给他新的假肢，他很感动，告诉作者他原谅了美国对他的伤害，作者觉得他们的友谊可以永远保持下去。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Although it was a painful experience, I also felt great relief and happiness. I knew it meant my plane ticket home. So I had mixed feelings after the accident.”可知，作者虽然腿受了伤，但这意味着他可以回家，所以他的心情即痛苦又开心。故本题答案为：Because although he was injured, he could return home.

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Although language was an obstacle to our communication, it didn't hinder us from conveying our friendship.”可知，尽管语言是他们交流的障碍，但这并不……他们传达友情。前后句为转折关系，故推测划线词的意思是“阻止”。故本题答案为：Prevent。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“so I consi dered arranging a new prosthesis for him after returning home…When I returned home, I talked with my friend Jim, who owned the company where my prosthesis was made. I told him about Tran and why he should have a new prosthesis.”可知，作者回到美国后把想送给Tran新假肢的事情给朋友Jim说了，Jim对此想法表示赞同。故本题答案为：To make a new prosthesis for Tran for free.

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“He said he used to be filled with hate for Americans.和倒数第二段的At my daughters' school, he talked about forgiveness.”可知，Tran对美国的态度由恨变为原谅。故本题答案为：He turned hate to forgiveness.

（5）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“We had a special connection. Although language was

an obstacle to our communication, it didn't hinder us from conveying our friendship. In the race, we found that we could relax and enjoy each other's company, even without words.”；以及倒数第二段中的“I was happy to give something to him—and in a way, to his country. At my daughters' school, he talked about forgiveness. Despite their country's loss, he found the place in his heart to forgive.”可推测，作者认为他们之间的友谊可以继续延续下去是因为他们虽然语言不同却能正真理解对方，而且Tran也放下了对美国的仇恨。故本题答案可以围绕这方面展开。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息。并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而写出正确答案。

7．任务型阅读

Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:

Schedule yearly exams. ________Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.

Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. ________

Give your eyes a break. Two thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. ________Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away.

________As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. ________ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.

A. Eat your greens.

B. Eye care should begin early in life.

C. They can properly protect your eyes.

D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.

F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.

G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

【答案】 B；C；G；A；F

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了五个建议可以让人们终身享有健康的视力．1、每年定期检查；2、保护眼睛免受紫外线的伤害；3、让你的眼睛休息好；4、多吃绿色食品；5、安全实践和学习隐形眼镜的护理。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”Schedule yearly exams“安排每年都检查眼睛；以及空后”Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.“可知专家建议父母亲在6-12个月的时候就带着孩子去进行眼部检查。也就说眼部检查要尽可能地早进行。故选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前” Long term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.“长时间地在强烈的阳光下，都会伤害到我们的眼睛。所以不管是什么季节，我们都要佩戴太阳镜，因为太阳镜可能会保护我们的视力。故C项符合上下文串联。故选C。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”Give your eyes a break.“让眼睛休息”；以及第一段中的“三分之二的美国人花7个小时的时间使用电脑或者电子产品。没有让我们的眼睛得到休息，这样频繁地使用会增加我们眼睛疲劳的危险“。故G项符合上下文串联。故选G。

(4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.“可知要多吃蔬菜等绿色食品，对我们的眼睛是有好处的。故选A。（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。很多人都佩戴隐形眼镜等，但是在使用中总是没有按照使用说明，这也让他们的眼睛处于危险之中。那么我们要采纳医生的建议，合理使用这些设备。故F项符合上下文。故选F。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

8．任务型阅读

Who's Really Addicting You To Technology?

“Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the Internet”, wrote Tony Schwartz in The New York Times. It's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuses the Net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction.

There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty disconnecting. Then who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it's important to understand what we're dealing with. There are four parties cooperating to keep you connected: the tech, your boss, your friends and you.

The technologies themselves and their makers are the easiest suspects to blame for our distraction. Online services like Facebook, Google, twitter and the like rely on advertising revenue, so the more frequently you use them, the more money they make. No wonder these companies employ teams of people focused on improving their services to be as attractive as possible.

Good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them from coming too close. However, less than 15 percent of smartphone users are willing to adjust their notification settings meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to (默认)the app makers' every preset devices.

While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. Take email, for example. We check email at all hours of the day we're obsessed, because that's what the boss wants. For almost all white-collar jobs, email is

the primary tool of corporate communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

Your friends are also responsible for the addiction. Think about this familiar scene. People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others' company. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what. Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.

The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is more than an impolite behavior because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious (传染). Once one person looks at their phone, other people tend to do the same, starting a chain reaction.

Hie technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing) these gadgets. But there's still someone who deserves careful examination the person holding the phone.

When people are doing something difficult they'd rather not do, the phone is used to transport them elsewhere. They can easily escape discomfort temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called “research”. The truth is that we are working unproductively out of our bad habits.

Personal technology is indeed more attractive than ever, which doesn't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology, instead, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology that's responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part.

free/liberate/release；rise/birth；alone/itself

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，阐述了让人沉迷于科技的几个因素。

（1）考查信息提取能力。根据第一段中的“Nearly everyone I know is addicted distraction.”可知, 几乎我认识的每个人在某种程度上都对互联网上瘾。to some extent/degree/“在某种程度上”。故填extent/degree。

（2）考查信息提取能力。根据第一段中的“A steady stream of similar headlines accuses the Net and its of fspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction.”可知，不断有类似的头条新闻指责网络及其不断出现的应用程序、社交媒体网站和网络游戏让我们沉迷科技，让我们分心。lay blame on“把某事归咎于...”。故填blame。

（3）考查信息提取能力。根据第三段中的“Online services like Facebook, Google, twitter and the like rely on advertising revenue, so the more frequently you use them, the more money they make”可知，Facebook、谷歌、twitter等在线服务依赖广告收入，所以你使用它们的频率越高，它们赚的钱就越多。economic/financial reason“经济原因”。故填economic/financial。（4）考查信息提取能力。根据第四段中的“meaning the remaining 85 percent of us d efault to (默认)the app makers' every preset devices.”可知，意味着剩下的85%的智能手机用户默认应用程序制造商的所有预设设备。bother to do sth“烦扰做某事”。故填 bother。（5）考查信息提取能力。由第五段“For almost all white-collar jobs, email is the primary tool of corporate communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.”可知，对于几乎所有的白领工作来说，电子邮件是公司沟通的主要工具。对信息回复不及时不仅会损害你的名誉，还会砸了你的饭碗。cost“使丧失”。故填cost。

（6）考查信息提取能力。根据第六段中的“Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what. Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.”可知，然后，在谈话的间隙，有人就拿出手机查看手机上的内容。人们几乎不关注彼此，也没有人交谈。take sth for granted“认为某事理所当然”。故填granted。

（7）考查信息提取能力。根据第七段中的“Once one person looks at their phone, other people tend to do the same, starting a chain react ion.”可知，一旦一个人看手机，其他人也倾向于看手机，从而引发连锁反应。follow“跟谁”。故填follow。

（8）考查信息提取能力。根据第九段中的“When people are doing something difficult they'd rather not do, the phone is used to transport them elsewhere. They can easily escape discomfort temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called “research””可知，当人们在做一些他们不愿意做的困难的事情时，手机是用来把他们注意力转移到其它地方的工具。他们可以以所谓的“研究”为借口，通过回复电子邮件或浏览网页，轻松地暂时摆脱不适。free/liberate/release sb from sth“从…中释放出来”。故填free/liberate/release。

（9）考查信息提取能力。根据第九段中的“The truth is that w e are working unproductively

out of our bad habits.”可知，事实上，我们根本就没有摆脱坏习惯。give birth/rise to“引起,产生” 。故填rise/birth。

（10）考查信息提取能力。根据第十段中的“instead, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology that's responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part.”相反，我们应该接受这样一个事实，那就是我们的习惯不仅仅是由技术造成的。我们的职场文化、社会规范和个人行为都起到了一定的作用。alone/itself“独自地/本身”。故填alone/itself。

【点评】本题涉及信息提取能力题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料的内容，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Panda Ant is a most unusual species with a lovely appearance. ________ They look like ants but actually they belong to the wasp（黄蜂）family. The differences between the two sexes of the species are also very pronounced in both appearance and behavior. When fully grown, the male, possibly attaining a length of approximately 0. 8 centimeters, is several times larger than the female. ________ Cute as panda ants may look, they are dangerous and capable of knocking out an animal much larger than they are with a few stings（刺）.

Panda ants primarily depend on flowers sweet liquid as their food. ________ The female panda ant often lays its eggs in a bee or wasp nest. When the young ones. hatch, they will eat their pupa （蛹）hosts.

________ So although a female panda ant lays approximately 2, 000 eggs a year, a considerable amount of eggs to support their survival, this species is still on the edge of dying out.

This species was first discovered in the coastal region of Central Chile in 1938. ________

Today, they are likely to be found in dry desert and sandy areas such as Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico.

A. It's a new fashion to raise panda ants as pets.

B. The name comes from their colors as pandas.

C. Yet young panda ants are meat-eaters.

D. No one believes the panda ant is the relative of bees.

E. Besides, the males are active at night while the females opposite.

F. Unfortunately, many panda ants are eaten for their bright colors.

G. Then little attention was given to it until recently.

【答案】 B；E；C；F；G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了一种非常不寻常的物种——熊猫蚂蚁。

A. It's a new fashion to raise panda ants as pets.把熊猫作为宠物饲养是一种新的时尚。

B. The name comes from their colors as pandas.这个名字来自熊猫的颜色。

C. Yet young panda ants are meat-eaters.然而，年轻的熊猫蚂蚁是食肉动物。

D. No one believes the panda ant is the relative of bees.没有人相信熊猫蚂蚁是蜜蜂的亲戚。

E. Besides, the males are active at night while the females opposite.此外，雄性在夜间活动，而雌性则相反。

F. Unfortunately, many panda ants are eaten for their bright colors.不幸的是，许多熊猫蚂蚁因为鲜艳的颜色而被吃掉。

G. Then little attention was given to it until recently.直到最近，对它的关注很少。

（1）根据前句The Panda Ant is a most unusual species with a lovely appearance.可知这里来解释熊猫蚂蚁名字的由来。故选B。

（2）根据前句When fully grown, the male, possibly attaining a length of approximately 0. 8 centimeters, is several times larger than the female.可知，这里继续讲雄蚁与雌蚁的区别。故选E。

（3）根据前句Panda ants primarily depend on flowers sweet liquid as their food.中的关键词food可知，这里接着前句叙述小熊猫蚂蚁的食物。故选C。

（4）根据后句So although a female panda ant lays approximately 2，000 eggs a year, a considerable amount of eggs to support their survival, this species is still on the edge of dying out.中关键词support their survival和the edge of dying out可知，许多熊猫蚂蚁被吃。故选F。（5）根据前句This species was first discovered in the coastal region of Central Chile in 1938.可知，直到最近才引起人们的注意。故选G。

【点评】七选五的答案选项较少并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或句子但后面的标点符号来判断该句在我在中的位置。另外通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达不同意思的句子，就可以直接将该选项排除。

10．根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it? ________. I'm here to try and convince you that porridge can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.

Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid, but not solid. ________, so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.

Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. ________, I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.

Once it's cooked, the fun part is adding the flavors (味道). Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour. ________, I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paper-you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don't like these, or you're allergic, then sugar and chocolate are also very tasty options.

________. Either oats or corn or both are "staple foods" for most people on the earth. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local materials to make your porridge interesting-

whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.

Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now!

A．If you've never eaten it

B．If I'm cooking for myself

C．The porridge base is very easy to digest

D．It doesn't have a very tasty reputation, either

E．It is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition

F．You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world

G．Although some people think this makes porridge boring

【答案】 D；C；B；G；F

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。粥是很好的早餐，但是很多人不喜欢它，认为其寡淡无味。在读完文章之后，你会对粥有一个全新的认识。

（1）根据前文“Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it?”可知，粥听起来并不美味，因此本空承接上文论述，故答案选D。

（2）根据后文“so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.”可推测粥很好消化，所以对于生病的人来说是一个很好的选择，它能为人体提供持久的能量，故答案选C。

（3）根据下文“I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.”可知是作者在叙述煮粥的方法，故对应下文应选B“如果我煮粥的话”，我会把一大把燕麦放进锅里，加一点点水，约200克牛奶，然后煮开这种混合物。故答案选B。

（4）根据后文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting!”（我认为这正是粥令人兴奋的地方）可知，此空应为与后文完全相反的观点，故可对应到G选项：虽然有些人认为这使粥无聊。故答案选G。

（5）根据本段最后一句“wherever you are”可知，你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥。故答案选F。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

11．阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Everybody gets angry sometimes. Being angry doesn't really solve much---but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm yourself down and try to solve whatever problem is bothering you. This is hard for some kids (and adults too). Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!

Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. Their anger might be so strong that the feelings gets out of control and causes them to act in ways that are unacceptable and hurtful. People might say kids like this have a temper, which is a term for acting out of control. Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their mom or dad, hit the wall, close doors

violently, break something, or even hit a brother or sister. Kids are allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones, but it's not OK for a kid to do any of those things. Kids don't want to (or mean to) act this way---but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage.

【写作内容】

1）以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；2）结合上述信息，简要分析导致孩子发脾气的主要原因；3）提出建议如何控制发脾气（不少于两点）。

【写作要求】

1）写作过程中不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3）不必写标题。

【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

【答案】 Although getting angry brings no solution to problems, people can hardly take control of such unpleasant feeing especially kids, who even act violently, thus damaging the relationships with others.

The reasons for children to arouse anger is not far to seek. First of all, kids in our country are under great pressure, heavily burdened with school work as well as diverse out school leaning activities. Second, they are sometimes not treated fairly, some even bulled by others, simply because they are not strong looking or act differently from others. Third, some kids desperately want something such as a pet dog or a toy gun, but they are refused by their parents. All these rigger kids' anger immediately.

As to bow we can control anger, I recommend we breathe deeply when faced with unfair things and try to find solutions. Besides, reading is a good choice as it can widen our horizons, open our minds and enrich ourselves. Then we will control our bad temper and raise accomplishment.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇读写任务型书面表达，要求考生阅读材料并以约30个词概括材料的主要内容，并分析导致孩子发脾气的主要原因；提出建议如何控制发脾气（不少于两点）。全文以一般现在时为主，使用第三人称。列出要点：导致孩子发脾气的主要原因：压力太大，不公平待遇，要求得不到满足；如何控制发脾气：遇事冷静并积极寻找解决问题的方法。多阅读拓宽视野。写作时考生首先在概括要点时，要抓住要点，语言精炼。本文所给材料是描述某种现象，那么就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象；其次是提出自己的观点并加以论证。首先提出自己的观点，之后用论据来证明自己的观点，结尾要总结要点，与自己的观点句相呼应，使读者对主题有深刻的印象。

【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Although getting angry brings no solution to problems, people can hardly take control of such unpleasant feeing especially kids, who even act violently, thus damaging the relationships with others.运用了让步状语从句和非限制性定语从句； they are sometimes not treated fairly, some even bulled by others, simply because they are not strong looking or act differently from others. 运用了原因状语从句； As to bow we can control anger, I recommend we breathe deeply when faced with unfair things and try to find solutions. 运用了虚拟语气，宾语从句和省略句；reading is a good choice as it can widen our horizons, open our minds and

enrich ourselves.运用了原因状语从句。

12．任务型阅读

You may be more interested in a boxing or yoga studio. If you are interested in variety, you'll be better off going with a larger complex that might contain equipment for sports, for example.

Pay more attention to the importance of position.________ So pick a sport that fits your sense when a visit would typically occur. The fitness equipment should be close to your home or workplace. Whether to make it convenient or inconvenient is often one of the greatest barriers to success.

Take advantage of free trials.________ During your visit, you want to think about the number of people using machines, the friendliness of the staff, and whether showers are offered there.

________ The two primary places to check for dirt and stain are in the locker room and the comers of the workout rooms. Also pay attention to smell. Make sure there is a way to easily clean equipment.

Talk with personnel about the busiest times and the number of members using the gym on a typical day.________ Learn about membership packages, extra fees and guest passes for friends and family.

By thoughtfully considering gyms and fitness center you can ensure you will actually like your choice and use your membership. Considering the right aspects will help you pick good equipment.________

A. Make sure everything is clean.

B. The places should be comfortable to use.

C. Good health is of great importance for you.

D. It's easy to ignore your body when you have a busy day.

E. The fitness center you like will offer a chance to try them out.

F. Find out whether they require pre-class registration or reservations.

G. So you can jump into achieving your fitness goals and improving your life.

【答案】D；E；A；F；G

【解析】【分析】本文告诉你如何选择合适的运动设备来健身。如果你对多样性运动感兴趣的话，你最好选择一个更大的复杂的存放运动器材设备的地方。（在原文基础上有改动）考虑到正确的方面将帮助你挑选合适的设备，所以这样你就可以实现你的健身目标和改善你的生活。

(1)根据上句：更加注意位置的重要性。可知，当你一天忙碌的时候，你很容易忽视你的身体。故选D.

(2)根据上句：利用免费试用的机会。可知，你喜欢的健身中心会给你一个尝试的机会。故选E。

(3)此空是段落首句，根据上下文可知用祈使句，在A/F中选。再根据下句：检查污垢和污