构词法知识英语单词的来源大致上分为五种:

构词法知识英语单词的来源大致上分为五种:
构词法知识英语单词的来源大致上分为五种:

构词法知识

英语单词的来源大致上分为五种:

1)基本词(base)---是那些在今天看来已经不可再分的词,出现频率较高,非专门记忆不可2)合成词(combining words)

3)缩略词(shortening words) 可以分为两种:一种是对原来完整的词进行加工,缩略其中一部分字母,构成新词,这种词叫缩短词(clipped word)。例如phone = telephone, chute = parachute , copter = helicopter , auto = automobile , ad = advertisement , demo = demonstration ,flu = influenza , fridge = refrigerator;另外一种缩略词是首字母缩略词(acronyms),也就是将词组中的起首字母联成一个词,例如:NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization , radar= radio detecting and ranging;

4)拼缀词(blending words) 拼缀词就是对原来的两个词进行剪裁,取其中的一部分,连成一个新词,例如:smog = smoke and fog , medicare = medical + care , psywar = psychological + warfare;

5)转类词(shifting words):转类词就是词汇不改变词形而转换了词类而构成的新词

在这几种构词法中最活跃也是最能够引发人的主动性的要数合成词了。

1·词根(root)

下面我们选择了在现代英语中出现频率较高的一些词根,供大家学习记忆。在学习的过程中需要提醒注意的是,这些词根在构成新词的时候,受前后语音的自然影响,往往不止有一种形式,这个一般在括号内标出来了。

aer(o) = air空气aerial空气的aeroplane飞机

alt = high高altitude高度

anim = life生命animal动物animate使…生机勃勃

audi(audit) = hear听audience听众audit旁听、审计

aut-(auto-) = self自我autocrat专制者autograph亲笔automobile汽车

bio(bi) = life生命biology生物学

cert = certain确定的certify证实certificate证明书

circ = ring环形circus马戏场circle圆圈circulate流通、流传

cred = believe相信credible可信的credit信任

dent = tooth牙齿dentist牙医

ego = I我egoist自我主义egocentric自我中心的

geo = earth地geography地理geometry几何geology地质学

habit = dwell居住habitant居住者inhabit 居住于

liter = letter文字literate识字的literature文学literal字面的

mini = small小minify使缩小minimum最小量miniature微型物

nutri = nourish营养nutrition营养malnutrition营养不良

port = carry运portable可携带的import进口porter搬运工

scend(s) = climb攀爬ascend上升descend下降transcend超越

tele = far远telescope望远镜telegram电报television电视

vis, vid = see看visible可见的visit参观evident明显的

2·前缀

词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。在大多数情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,而后缀更多改变的

是原词根的词性。

具有否定意义(表示对词根反向的概念,另外包括外向概念、下概念、过度或不足概念等)的前缀有:

ab - abuse滥用abnormal 不正常的

anti- antiwar反战的antitank反坦克的antibody

contra- contra-missile反导弹的contradict矛盾的

counter- counterrevolution反革命counterattack反击

de- demobilize复员deforest砍伐森林devalue 贬值

dis- dislike厌恶dishonest不诚实的disability无能

in- incorrect inactive inconvenient indirect

il- illegal

im- impossible improper impolite

mal- maltreat虐待malnutrition营养不良malfunction功能失调

mis- mistake错误mistrust不信任mistrust

non- nonsmoker不抽烟的人nonsense nonstop

out- outnumber在数量上超过

over- overuse使用过度overlook俯视;忽视overthrow推翻

re- replace reuse retell

sub- subway地铁subhead副标题

super- superpower超级大国supersensitive过度敏感

un- unreal虚假的unconditional无条件的unjust不公正的

vice- vice-president副总统vice- chairman副主席

具有时间意义的前缀有:

pre - preread preview prehistory史前

post- postwar postreading

具有地点、方向意义(包括上下、前后、来回、内外)的前缀有:

ab- (away from) abnormal abuse

ex- export出口exclude排除ex-soldier退伍军人\ extra- extracurricular课外的extraordinary格外的

fore- forehead前额foreground前景

im- import进口immigrate

inter- interfere干涉internet互联网interactive互动

over- overtake oversleep

sub- subway地铁submarine海面以下的

super- superstructure上层建筑

trans- transatlantic横越大西洋的transport运输

under- underground地下的underwear内衣

ultra- ultraviolet紫外线

具有数量意义的有:

mono- monoxide一氧化物monotone单调

pan- Pan- American泛美的

bi- bilingual双语的bicycle bimonthly

di- dialogue dioxide

hemi- hemisphere

semi- semicircle半圆

tri- triangle三角形

penta- pentagon五角形

kilo- kilogramkilowatt

milli- milligram millimetre

micro- Microsoft microscope microwave

mini- minibus miniskirt

multi- multiparty多党的

co- cooperation coworker coauthor coexist 3·后缀

最常见的形容词后缀有:

-(a)ble : readable drinkable applicable valuable

- al personal national practical global

-(i)cal : typical biological

-an American European

-ian : Egyptian Canadian (名词和形容词同形)

- ar similar solar

-en: wooden golden

-ern : easternwestern

-ese : Chinese Japanese(名词和形容词同形)

-ful : useful skillful eventful successful

-ic : atomic historic

-istic : artistic realistic

-tic : dramatic romantic

-ish :childish reddishEnglish

–i(ti)ve : sensitive primitive protective productive - less : homeless useless

- like : childlike manlike

-ly: friendlycostly daily

-ent : insistent different

-(i)ous : righteous正直的anxious焦急的curious好奇的dangerous

-proof: fireproofbombproof

-some: troublesome lonesome

-ward :downward seaward awkard

- y : rainyrosy sleepy angry

最常见的名词后缀有:

表示具体的人的后缀:

-er: prisoner gardener lawyer stranger

-or: visitor actor operator inventor

-ar: scholar liar beggar

-eer: engineer mountaineer

-ent: resident

-ess: princess hostess goddess waitress

actress

-ian: musician physician

-ist: scientist novelist specialist activist

-ant: assistant servant accountant

-ee: employee trainee examinee

-zen: citizen netizen

表示抽象的动作情况的后缀:

-acity : capacity

-al: survival refusal arrival trial approval

-ence ( - ance , -ency , -ancy ): influence acceptance difference

-ment: movement equipment arrangement treatment

-hood: boyhood neighborhood

-ics: linguistics athletics

-ness: darkness happiness illness

-tion: celebration attraction contribution addition

-ation: invitation application preparation pronunciation -sion: permission possession discussion conclusion decision

-y: injury discovery difficulty delivery

-(i)ty: variety reality ability safety

nationality activity equality

-ery: bakery nursery bravery

-ful: bagful basketful handful

-dom: freedom kingdom wisdom

-(t)ure: mixture failure pressure pleasure

-age: percentage marriage storage shortage

-ship: leadership scholarship hardship friendship

-ance: appearance entrance guidance performance -th: truth length strength youth

warmth depth width death

最常见的动词后缀有:

-ate:differentiate

-en:sharpen darken strengthen fasten

broaden threaten brighten weaken

en-: enlarge enable encourage enjoy

-fy:simplify beautify classify

-ise(-ize):criticize fertilize modernize realize

其他:

believe-belief poor-poverty speak-speech sorry-sorrow hot-heat high-height sit-seat see-sight

breathe-breath bathe-bath feed-food bleed-blood

你一定要了解的三种英语构词法

你一定要了解的三种英语构词法 导读:我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《你一定要了解的三种英语构词法》的内容,具体内容:我们学习英语最先开始的就是要了解英语单词的构词法,所以我特意整理了关于英语单词的构词法和演变方法供大家学习参考。英语中的构词法主要有三种即转化法、合成法和派生法。一、转化法(convers... 我们学习英语最先开始的就是要了解英语单词的构词法,所以我特意整理了关于英语单词的构词法和演变方法供大家学习参考。 英语中的构词法主要有三种即转化法、合成法和派生法。 一、转化法(conversion) 在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。 1. 动词转化为名词 Let me have a try. 让我试试。 They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。 2. 名词转化为动词 He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。 The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。 3. 形容词转化为动词 We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他们努力改善工作条件。 4. 形容词转化为名词 He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。 The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 5. 形容词转化为副词 How long have you lived there? 你在那儿住多久了? 6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词 Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。 Life is full of ups and downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。 His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的"如果"和"但是"。 二、合成法(composition)

高考英语词汇复习之构词法学案

高考英语词汇复习之构词法学案 语法要点:1.各类词性的正确使用及转化 2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析: 1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考) 2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考) 3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考) 4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考) 考点精讲: Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 英语构词法主要有三种方法: 1.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇) 2.转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水 3.派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的,只改变其。 happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的 一、合成法: …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away thing s from the shop without paying for them. … What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工 注意:___________________________________________________________ 请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。

高中英语单词构词法完整版

高中英语单词构词法 郭会清整理编写 1.词干(Stem) acu 尖≈sharp【例词】acute敏锐的,尖锐的;acumem敏锐,聪明;acupuncture针灸 alti 高≈high【例词】altitude高度;altimeter高度计;exalt提高,提升 ambula 行走≈walk【例词】ambulance救护车;ambulant流动的;ambulate行走,移动 ann 年≈year【例词】anniversary周年纪念;annual每年的;annals编年史 anthro 人≈man【例词】anthropoid似人类的,类人猿;anthropology人类学;anthroposociology人类社会学arch 统治≈ruler【例词】monarch君主;anarchism无政府主义;patriarch家长,族长 aster,astr 星≈star【例词】astrology占星术;astronomy天文学;asterisk星号,星标 audi 听≈hearing【例词】audience听众;audible听得见的audiphone助听器 auto 自己≈self【例词】automation自动化;autobiography自传;autosuggestion自我暗示 bio 生命≈life【例词】biology生物学;biography传记;biocide杀虫剂 brevi 缩短≈short【例词】brief简短的;brevity简洁;abbreviate缩写 capit 头,首要≈head【例词】capital首都;decapitate斩首;capitation人头税,按人收费【删除红字】 ced 走,移动≈go, ;【删除;】move【例词】recede后退,引退;unprecedented史无前例的;precede先行,居先cess 走,移动≈go,move【例词】access通路;process进展 chron 时间≈time【例词】chronology年表,年代学;chronic慢性的;synchronal同步的,同时发生的 cide 杀,切≈kill,cut【例词】suicide自杀;insecticide杀虫剂;bactericide杀菌剂 confid 相信≈trust【例词】confidence信心;confident有信心的;confidential秘密的,机密的 cord 同心,和谐≈heart【例词】accordance一致,调和;concord协调,同意;discord不和,不一致 cred 相信≈trust,belief【例词】credit信用,信任;incredible难以置信的;credulous轻信的 cur 跑,动≈run,move【例词】current潮流;excurse远足,旅行;incursion入侵,进入 cycl 圆,轮≈circle,wheel【例词】bicycle自行车;tricycle三轮车;hemicycle半圆的 dic,dict 说≈s ay,speak【例词】indicate指示,暗示;dictate口授;【加】diction措词 domin 统治≈rule,control【例词】dominate主宰;indomitable不屈不挠的 duce,duct 引导,带走≈lead,take【例词】introduce介绍;induce引诱;【加】conduct指导 equ 相同≈same,equal【例词】equality平等;equivalence对应物;【加】equator赤道 faci 容易≈easy【例词】facile易得到的,不花力气的;facilitate使...容易 fact 做≈make,do【例词】manufacture制造;factory工厂;enefactor恩人,施恩者 fer 搬运,带来≈carry,bring【例词】ferry轮渡;transfer搬运,转移;interfere干预 fin 限制≈end,limit【例词】finalize使...了结;infinite无限的;define限定,下定义 flect,flex 弯≈bend【例词】reflect反射,反映;flexible易弯曲的;reflexctor反射镜 flu 流动≈flow【例词】influence影响;fluent流利;fluid流动的,液,流体 form 形状≈shap【例词】reform改革;conform符合 frag 打破≈break【例词】fragile易碎的;fragment碎片;fracture骨折 gen 生产≈produce【例词】generate产生;genetics遗传学;genesis起源,创始 geo 土地,地球≈land,earth【例词】geology地理学;geometry几何学;geocide地球末日 grad 走≈go,step【例词】graduate毕业;gradual逐步的;degrade退化,堕落 graph,gram 写≈write,writing【例词】telegraph电报;program节目,说明书;diagram图表 grate,grati 感谢≈thanks【例词】grateful衷心感谢的;gratitude感谢 grav 重,严肃≈heavy,serious【例词】gravity重力,严重性;grave严重的;gravimeter比重计,测重器

英语单词构词法_和常见词根总结

英语单词构词法(1)前缀 1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的) dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, nonsense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm, disconnect un-, unload, uncover 4)表示相反,相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withstand 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard, aside, 2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstance, circuit 4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”descend, degrade 5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”encage, enbed(上床) 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”exit, eclipse, expand, export 7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction (提取) 8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground 9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import 10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互”international, interaction, internet 11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce, introduce 12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间”Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外” outline, outside, outward 14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上” overlook, overhead, overboard 15)post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次” postscript(附言), 16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition 17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前” progress, proceed,

英语词汇构词法大全

词汇进阶-----词根词缀构词法汇总 1.常见的词根(转自无优雅思) 常见的词根 1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气,大气”aeroplane, aerial, 2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做,动作”active, agent, reaction, 3) alt, 含义是“高”,altitude, 4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它,变更”alternate, 5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物,生命”biology, bionics(仿生学) 6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短”brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略) 7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取,获”capture, except, concept, capacity 8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行,让步”proceed, succeed, excess(过度) 9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心”concentrate, eccentric(偏心的) 10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊”claim, proclaim, exclaim 11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合”conclude, enclose, include 12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘”colony, cultivate, agriculture 13) cor, cord, 含义是“心”cordial, record, accord 14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑,动作”current, occur, concurrence(同时发生) 15) dic, dict, 含义是“说,示”dictate, edit, indicate, predict 16) doc, doct, 含义是“教”doctor, document. 17) duc, duct含义是“引导,传导”introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论) 18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做,创造”factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect 19) fend, fens, 含义是“打,击”defence, offence 20) fer, 含义是“搬运,移转”ferry, transfer, defer(迟延) 21) fin, finit, 含义是“终,极”final, finish, confine 22) firm, 含义是“坚固”firm, confirm, affirm(断定) 23) fix, 含义是“固定”prefix, affix(附加) 24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲”flexible, reflex 25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花”flower, flourish 26) form, 含义是“形”uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform 27) forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度”force, enforce, effort 28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生”generate, generation 29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录”telegram, diagram, photograph 30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段”gradually, degree, progress 31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住”inhabit, exhibit, prohibit 32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附”adhere, cohesion 33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射”project, inject 34) jour, 含义是“日,一天”journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期) 35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合”conjunction, junction(连合) 36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作”labourer, elaborate, collaborate 37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集”collect, select, lecture

英语词汇构词法汇总

英语词汇构词法汇总

用构词法猜单词或造单词 英语构词法 在诸多的构词法中,最常见的有转化(conversion)、合成(composition)、派生(derivation)三种构词法。现将三种主要的构词法逐一作个基本介绍。以此为基础举一反三,可解决词汇量的不足的问题。 合成 将两个或两个以上独立的单词按一定的次序排列而成新词的方法称为合成法。由合成法构成的词叫复合词(compound words)。复合词在英语中是比较活跃的,涉及面相当广泛,涵盖了政治、军事、经济、文化、科技等领域。对大多数复合词,我们一般都能从其构成分中猜出其词义,如:birth-control, whiteboard, banknote, faultfinding, manservant等;但必须特别注意的是,有些复合词的词义并不是其中每个字的词义的简单相加,而是从中引用全新的含义,因此,切不可望文生义。例如:touch-me not(凤仙花),blueblood(贵族出身),blue-moon (不可能有的东西)blackmail(勒索),old-line(老资格),green horn(新手),shorthand(速记),rat race(你

死我活的竟争)等。 科技新词大都这样构成的,请从阅读文本中找出来补充: 转化 由一个词类转化为另一个词类,这种构词法叫转化法,也称为零位派生法。主要特点是某类词不经过任何变化而用做另一类词。例如: She likes playing bowling very much. Like (动词) It looks like rain. (动词介词) I don’t welcome Tom and the like. (动词名词),意为“之类”。 They are as like as two peas. like (动词-形容词) If you agree, please circle the letter. (名词-动词) Do you know who is going to chair the conference? Chair(名词-动词), 7.Let me have a try. Nice try. (动词-名词) He is about the same build as me. ( 动词-名词)

英语词汇学论文构词法新精编版

英语词汇学论文构词法 新精编版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】

Abstract 词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。然而,英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语,同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量,英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”,在所有的英语构词法中,词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛,它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。除了词缀发以外,复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径 Vocabulary is one of the main obstacles of English study. However English word formation can help us recognize English words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them,affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary, and it is claimed to be one of the best ways of learning English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronyms, back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English. In the paper the ways and characteristics of word formation is analyzed form these aspects: affixation, compounding, conversion, blending. Key words: English, lexicology, word formation, affixation (关键字:英语、词汇学,构词法,词缀法) Introduction The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word formation patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the word have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore rules only provide a constant set of models from which new word are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. In my opinion, the most important principle for all these rules of word formation is economy. Chapter 1 the function of English word formation Word formation is an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary. Nowadays, more and more people have taken notice of learning English. The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed. How can we improve our English effectively is undoubtedly

初中英语词汇中常见的构词法

初中英语词汇中常见的构词法 - 1 - 初中英语词汇中常见的构词法 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力,在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket (篮子)+ball (球) →basketball 篮球 book (书) +shop (商店) → bookshop 书店 book (书) + store (商店) → bookstore 书店 house ( 房子) +work ( 劳动 ) → housework 家务劳动 home (家庭) + work (工作) → homework 家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black (黑色的)+board (木板)→ blackboard 黑板 English (英国的)+man (人)→ Englishman 英国人 loud (大声的)+speaker (说话者) → loudspeaker 扬声器 3)动词的-ing 形式+名 词 dining room 餐厅 running water 自来水 walking stick 拐杖 4)名词+动词的-ing 形式 shoe-making 制作鞋子 dressmaking 做裙子 handwriting 书法 central heating 中央供暖 ③词与词分开; 3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词) after (在后)+noon (正午) →afternoon 下午 under (在下面)+ground (地面) → underground 地下的 4) 名词+过去分词→形容词 man (人)+made (做) → man -made 人造的 5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词 glass (玻璃)+topped (顶部的) →glass -topped 玻璃罩着的 kind (善良的)+hearted (心) →kind -hearted 好心的 6) 副词+名词→介词 in (里面)+side (边) →inside 在内 down (在下)+stairs (楼梯) →downstairs 在楼下 2. 派生法 派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇,而且丰富了语言的表现力。 前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性): 1) un- (不,非,表示否定,形容词前缀) happy (高兴的) → unhappy (不高兴的) like (像) → unlike (不像) 注意:合成词的构成方式有 3 种: ①词与词之间加连字符“-”; ②词与词合成一个词; drinking water 饮用水 sewing machine 缝纫机 washing machine 洗衣机 writing desk 写字桌 writing paper 信纸 letter-writing 写信 story-telling 讲故事

初中英语词汇中常见的构词法

初中英语词汇中常见的构词法 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力,在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式+名词 dining room 餐厅drinking water 饮用水sewing machine 缝纫机 running water 自来水washing machine 洗衣机writing desk 写字桌 walking stick 拐杖writing paper 信纸 4)名词+动词的-ing形式 shoe-making 制作鞋子letter-writing 写信handwriting 书法 dressmaking 做裙子story-telling 讲故事central heating 中央供暖 注意:合成词的构成方式有3种: ①词与词之间加连字符“-”;②词与词合成一个词;③词与词分开; 3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词) after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的 4) 名词+过去分词→形容词 man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的 5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词 glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词 in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下 2. 派生法 派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇,而且丰富了语言的表现力。 前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性): 1) un- (不,非,表示否定,形容词前缀) happy (高兴的) → unhappy(不高兴的) like (像) → unlike(不像)

英语构词法练习

英语构词法练习文件排版存档编号:[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]

课程名称:英语词汇学课程代码:056261 资源类型:英语词汇学自主学习 词汇记忆与词汇测试 构词法练习 训练指要 构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。所以我们在学习英语词汇的时候一定要灵活学习和掌握,随时准备应付所出现的情况。 Ⅰ.单项填空 man was________ enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A. care B. careful C. careless D. carelessness soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. B. dead C. died D. death child looked________ at his brother who was badly wounded.

A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemist D. physician three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. egging B. legged C. legs D. leged became the________ railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership the teacher praised him for working out the math problem,Jack looked________ about at his classmates. A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely everyone’s ________,the girl finished the job quite well. A. satisfied B. satisfactory C. satisfying D. satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________ passage in English? words;a 600-words ;a 600-words words;a 600-word words;a 600-words one should enter the spot without the________ of the police. A. permit B. permission C. permitting D. permittence must come with us to the police head is waiting for you. A. headquarters B. headline C. headmaster D. headache that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________.

英语构词法及其在英语词汇教学中的应用

英语构词法及其在英语词汇教学中的应用 [摘要]学好英语构词法能够进一步帮助学生更好的学习单词。英语构词法可以帮助学生正确辨认单词的词形、词性和理解词意,并迅速扩大词汇量,是学习英语的有效途径。本文在分析构词法主要种类的基础上举例说明构词法在词汇教学中的应用,给教师以启示的作用。 一、构词法的定义及种类 所谓英语构词法就是按照语法规则构成新词的方法,同一个词根如果添上或去掉不同的词缀,可以构成一系列不同的派生词。英语构词法的种类有以下几种:(一)合成法 合成法即把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列组成一个复合词。如basketball, life-long, face-to-face, blackboard。在英语发展的过程中,合成法在构词方面起到很大作用,为英语补充了大量词汇。复合词的后兹材料多数由基本词汇提供。合成词的含义多数可从字面看出,如以上各例,但其特定含义,则不受词中各个成分连接方式的影响,其写法由习惯而定,可用连接号,亦可不用。如mouth-filling(气势十足的),mouth-to-mouth method(口对口人工呼吸法)。合成词的含义往往由其各个成分的关系而定,各词之间意义千变万化,毫无规则可言,但实际上,对于其含义,从上下文就可以看出,且很少会产生误解。合成词可分为合成名词,合成形容词,合成动词等。 1.合成名词的主要构成方式有: ⑴.名词+名词,如news +paper= newspaper(报纸),class +room=classroom(教室); ⑵.形容词+名词,如black +board=blackboard(黑板),high +way=highway(公路); ⑶.动词+名词,如scare +crow=scarecrow(稻草人)。 2.合成形容词的主要构成方式: ⑴.名词+形容词,如color +blind= colorblind(色盲的),world +wide=worldwide(全世界范围的); ⑵.形容词+形容词,如bitter +sweet=bittersweet(又苦又甜的); ⑶.副词+形容词,如over +sensitive=oversensitive(过敏的)。 3.合成动词的主要构成方式: ⑴.副词+动词,如uphold(支持),under-line(在下面划线); ⑵.名词+动词,如sun-bathe(日光浴)。 4.合成代词的主要构成方式: ⑴.代词宾格或物主代词+self/selves,如ourselves(我们自己); ⑵.某些不定代词+body,如nobody, everybody。 5.合成副词的主要构成方式: ⑴.名词+名词,如sideways(横着); ⑵.形容词+名词,如meanwhile(同时); ⑶.介词+名词,如beforehand(事先)。 在英语合成词中,合成名词数量很多,而且可以按照既定规律自行构造新词。在学生掌握了一定的基础词汇后,可对一些合成词汇猜测词义,更有利于单词的记忆,扩大词汇量。 (二)派生法 在一个词的前面或后面加上前缀或后缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。

最新英语词汇学-构词法

Abstract 词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。然而,英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语,同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量,英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”,在所有的英语构词法中,词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛,它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。除了词缀发以外,复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径 Vocabulary is one of the main obstacles of English study. However English word formation can help us recognize English words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them,affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary, and it is claimed to be one of the best ways of learning English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronyms, back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English. In the paper the ways and characteristics of word formation is analyzed form these aspects: affixation, compounding, conversion, blending. Key words: English, lexicology, word formation, affixation (关键字:英语、词汇学,构词法,词缀法) Introduction The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word formation patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the word have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore rules only provide a constant set of models from which new word are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. In my opinion, the most important principle for all these rules of word formation is economy. Chapter 1 the function of English word formation 1.1 Word formation is an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary. Nowadays, more and more people have taken notice of learning English. The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed. How can we improve our English effectively is undoubtedly the focus of our attention. Generally speaking, vocabulary and grammatical rules are keys to learning English

相关文档
最新文档