英语写作准确用词4C标准

英语写作准确用词“四C”标准

准确用词关系到表达的正确和地道，一般而言涉及四个“C”：

第一个“C”为connotation(内涵)，它比meaning(意义)更为深入。例如，discount的意思为“折扣”，但英语中“30%discount”指原价100元现在卖70元；而汉语中“三折”指原价100元现在卖30元。汉语表达的很多意思在英语中没有完全对应的说法，但可以尽量找接近的，以提高表达的“精确度”。《新东方英语》2004年第1期29页一篇讲词汇知识的文章说“有时候会犯些小错(mistake)，有时候会闹大笑话(blunder)”，其实blunder是强调错误的“严重”和“非故意”，howler才和“大笑话”对应。

第二个“C”为collocation(搭配)。它除了影响地道性(如big rain不如heavy rain地道)，还与词义有关，例如apply与for和to搭配时意思分别为“申请”和“运用”。须注意的是entitle若和to搭配意思就不是通常的“冠名，命名”，而是“拥有某种权利、地位、荣誉等”。“be entitled to”的用法首先出现于1995年研究生入学考试第25题，2003年上海高考第53题“再现”时答对率仅11%(显然其中还有许多是猜对的)。

第三个“C”为context(上下文)。上下文会影响词的意义，笔者曾讨论过不同上下文中词义截然相反的情况(本报2003.10.3)。当然，广义的contest还包括场合。例如，“生意兴隆通四海，财源茂盛达三江”可以简单地表达为“Far and wide trade booms；here andthere money comes”，但在正式场合译为“Home and abroad business thrives；hither and thither profit arrives”更好，因为这样用词较为庄重和古雅(hither and thither是here and there在古英语中的说法)。

第四个“C”为culture(文化)，这需要考虑使用不同语言的人的思维方式、风俗习惯和可能的心理反应等因素。例如，东西方对狗的情感态度不同，狗在西方并不像在东方一样可鄙。英语中“dog-eat-dog”并不像汉语中“狗咬狗”一样带有鄙夷甚至幸灾乐祸的感情色彩，而是强调残酷甚至有点痛惜。这一差异在英译汉的时候尤其应该重视。口译时若把“as faithful as a dog”译为“像狗一样忠实”很容易引起东方人的反感，活译为“像老黄牛一样忠诚”则效果会好得多。又如，海燕(storm petrel)在中、俄两国是进步和新锐力量的象征，但在西方经济界则指引起恐慌和震荡的人或事物，因此可以视具体情况用pioneer，vanguard，gazelle或bellwether等词替代。

词典用英语怎么说

词典用英语怎么说词典的英语说法1： dictionary 词典的英语说法2： lexicon 词典相关英语表达： concise dictionary; 简明词典 bilingual dictionary; 双语词典 pocket dictionary; 袖珍词典 consult the dictionary 查词典词典的英语例句： 1. the dictionary is a vast treasure trove of information. 那本词典是个巨大的信息宝库。 2. the translations were carried out with the assistance of a medical dictionary. 这些翻译是借助一本医学词典完成的。 3. the examples are unique to this dictionary.

这些例证是这部词典独有的。 4. english textbooks and dictionaries are on sale everywhere. 英语教材和词典到处都有卖的。 5. a dictionary of mathematics 数学词典 6. this dictionary is available in electronic form. 本词典有电子版。 7. the example sentences in this dictionary are printed in italic type. 本词典中的例句都是用斜体排印的。 8. examples in this dictionary are in italics. 本词典中的例子用斜体显示。 9. definitions in this dictionary are printed in roman type. 这本词典里的释义是用罗马体印刷的。 10. we are working all round the clock to finish this dictionary! 我们在为完成这本词典而昼夜不停地工作着! 11. this dictionary is just what i want for my study. 这部词典正是我学习要用到的. 12. this phrase is labelled as an americanism in this dictionary. 这本词典把这个短语称为美国特有的语言现象.

英语写作常用词语和句子

英语写作常用词语和句子一、常用的过渡词 1．用以解释的过渡词 now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact… 2．表示强调的过渡词 certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important… 3．表示限制的过渡词 but, however, although, though, yet, except for… 4．用以举例的过渡词 for example, for instance, thus, such, next… 5．表示递进或补充的过渡词 in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, yet… 6．表达顺序的过渡词 first, second, third, afterward, meanwhile, thereafter, last, finally, eventually… 7．用以表示比较的过渡词 like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too… 8．用以表示对比的过渡词 unlike, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, instead… 9．表示让步的过渡词 although, nevertheless, of course, after all, clearly, still, yet… 10．用以表达结果的过渡词 therefore, as a result, consequently, then, thereby, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, so, otherwise… 11．用以表示总结的过渡词 to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in short, in a word, in the long run, in summary… 二、常用句子 1．比较 (1)The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. (2)The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. (3)A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that… (4)It is reasonable to maintain that…, but it would be foolish to claim that… (5)For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. (6)Like anything else, it has its faults. (7)Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. (8)People used to think…, but things are different now. (9)the same is true of B. (10)Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks. 2．原因 (1)A number of factors are accountable for this situation. (2)The answer to this problem involves many factors. (3)The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that… (4)The factors that contribute to this situation include…

高中英语作文常用关联词及高级词汇

一、表示递进关系的关键词语additionally 加之；又besides 此外；除……之外equally important 同样重要的是furthermore 此外；而且in addition 另外 in other words 换句话说last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 moreover 而且；此外that is to say 即；就是；换句话说what’s more 而且；此外二、表示转折关系的关键词语although 虽然；尽管at the same time 同时；但是despite 不管；尽管；不论even if 即使 even though 即使however 然而；可是in spite of 不管instead 代替；而不是nevertheless 然而；不过on the contrary 正相反otherwise 另外；不同地 regardless of 不管；不顾 still 依然；仍然 though 虽然；可是 while 而 yet 然而；但是；仍三、表示选择关系的关键词语 either…or………或…… instead of………，而不是…… neither…nor …和…都不… not…but…不是……而是…… rather than…宁可；胜过 whether…or not 是否四、表示比较关系的关键词语 compare with/to 与……比较 equally 相等地；平等地 in comparison with 与……比较 in contrast 相反；大不相同 in contrast to 和……对比 in the same way 同样地 instead 代替；改为 on the contrary 正相反 while 而五、表示因果关系的关键词语 accordingly 因此；从而 as a result of 作为结果 because （of）因为 consequently 从而；因此 due to 由于；应归于 hence 因此；从此 in that 由于；因为；既然 now that 因为；既然 on account of 由于 owing to 由于；因……的缘故 so 所以 so that 所以 thanks to 由于 therefore 因此；所以 thus 因此六、用于表示总结的关键词语 above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是 as a consequence 因此 as has been noted 如前所述 at last 最后 briefly 简要扼要地

提供用英语怎么说

提供用英语怎么说提供即供给。谓提出可供参考或利用的意见、资料、物资、条件等。提供所属现代词。那么你知道提供用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。提供的英语说法1： provide 提供的英语说法2： offer 提供的英语说法3： supply 提供的相关短语：提供自助餐Cafeteria available 提供住宿accommodate ; accommodation provided ; Need pay ; provide room accomodation 提供线索throw ; throw light on ; to provide clues ; Submissions 提供食物food ; cater ; provide food ; serve food 提供担保bond ; offering for security ; Shipping Guarantee ; tender guarantee 提供住所sheltering ; accommodate

提供的英语例句： 1. The room was quiet; no one volunteered any further information. 房间很安静，无人主动提供更多的信息。 2. Return the enclosed Donation Form today in the prepaid envelope provided. 请于今日将随函附上的捐款表格用所提供的邮资预付的信封寄回。 3. The shallow sea bed yields up an abundance of food. 浅海床提供了丰富的食物。 4. The mother provides the embryo with nourishment and a place to grow. 母亲为胎儿提供营养和成长的空间。 5. Research and technology are said to be chronically underfunded. 据说为研究和技术方面提供的经费严重不足。 6. He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners. 他根据被俘囚犯提供的证据得出了这个结论。 7. The service covers contraceptive advice and health checks, and is available free. 服务项目包括避孕建议和健康检查，并且免费提供。

英语作文常用词

常用词：重要的： key, crucial, imperative critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable 急剧地： dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably 认为： think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue,, harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that, be firmly convinced, be fully co nvinced … 优势： advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 句子：倒装： So expensive is food because of inflation that I could only afford food in students’ canteen. Not only must we be confident of our own future, we mus t also be ready to cope with any sort of setbacks. Only in this way/under successful control of/under special circumstances/after careful considerations can we……. （常用于解决问题型的作文） Only under successful control can we minimize the negative impacts and maximize positive impacts. 段落： 1. 引言段常采用的典型句式: It is commonly accepted/ thought that … There is a general debate/ discussion/ tendency (these days) that… There is no consensus of opinions among people as to .... Recently, there has aroused a controversial/heated debate/contention as to/ove r… It is well known to us that modern science plays an increasingly important role in our life. As is known to us, the problem of human population has long been a subject of discussion among the peoples of various countries of the world. We shouldn't ignore the fact that many cities are confronted with the problem of heavy traffic. No one can have failed to notice the fact that… 2．常见主体句子 1）观点类 1. Some people prefer living in the countryside, while others feel inclined to a life in big cities. 2.Some people believe the reason lies in industry，while others maintain it is good luck that gives rise to the success. Still others claim both the industry and good luck play an essential part. 3. When asked about/When it comes to/Faced with …most people claim that…, but others regard/consider differently. They argue that…. I am inclined to take the … side. 2).表示原因 1. Many factors lead/contribute to the trend of increasing in examination.

英语作文常用关联词

作文常用关联词表示时间关系： first of all /above all, second, then, finally / at last / in the end , immediately, suddenly, at the same time, meanwhile, recently 表示对称顺序关系： for one thing…for another thing, on the one hand,…on the other hand, the former…the latter 表示递进关系：what is more, moreover,besides , furthermore, in addition，what’s worse 表示换种方式表达：in other words ,that is to say 表示举例说明：for example, for instance ,like, such as 表示陈述事实：in fact , actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 表示总结：in conclusion,on the whole, in a word, to sum up, in short, from what I have said above 表示因果关系：as a result ,thus, therefore, so that, as, because, consequently 表示转折：but, however, while, instead, although,

八年级英语用所给词的适当形式填空

仁爱版英语八年级上册课文填空训练题 1 For the last 20 years, David Beckham was a very famous soccer _________. He played ______ teams in England, Spain, _________ and Italy. He __________ in Beijing with his teammates yesterday. They are going to play _______ China's ________ team tomorrow. Soccer fans are very ________. But it's too bad that the team isn't going to ______ for long. They are _________ for Japan the day after tomorrow for a game with _______ national team. 2. Kangkang and Michael's team ________ the soccer game and then they had a fight. Kangkang was _______ with Michael and _________ at him _________ Michael wouldn't _______ the ball to him. _________ the help of Maria and Jane, Kangkang said _______ to Michael, and they learned teamwork was very __________. The girls were sure Michael would do ________ and have more _______ next time. 3. Basketball is one of the most popular ________ in the United States and other parts of the world. It has a history of over a century. The ________of basketball, James Naismith, came from Canada. He invented basketball for his students in 1891. At first, it was an indoor game so that students could play in bad weather. Basketball soon became very popular. In 1946 the Basketball Association(NBA) came into . There were many great basketball stars in the NBA. For many years they were all . But now many good players come from other countries . Basketball is both an indoor and outdoor game. It is a team sport with two team of five players each. The goal is to throw the ball the other ________ basket , and to stop the Other team from _____ So. You can throw it from any part of the court with one hand or both hands. You can also pass the ball to your teammates. But you must the rules .For example ,you can't hold the ball and run with it. To win basketball games, you should have good skills. But it is important for you and the other players to play ______ a team. You are sure to enjoy this popular sport. 4. Sports are important in English life. The people of England are sports . Some of the _______ famous sports here such as football and cricket. Football is a fast game in winter and early morning. Lots of people play football in parks or playgrounds just for . With hundreds of _______ history, it is one of the most important _______ in England. The ______love football very much and they turned most of they main players ______ famous persons. David Beckham and Bobby Charlton became for many children. The most part of the English football year is the FA (Football Association) Cup Final each May.

汉语中没法用英语翻译的词

请大家看看这一句怎么译成英语：“他铅笔盒里有五支笔。”别小看这么一句简单的话，实在没有办法翻译，因为英语里没有相当于汉语“笔”的词。英语里倒是可以找到各种具体的“笔”的名称：铅笔pencil 钢笔pen / fountain pan 圆珠笔ball-point pen 毛笔writing brush 画笔painting brush 鸭嘴笔drawing pen / ruling pen 蜡笔(wax) crayon 粉笔chalk 只有弄清楚那五支具体是什么笔，才能翻译出来，如：He’s got two pencils, two ball-point pens and one pen in his pencil-box. 人们在认识事物的过程中，往往把性质或用途一样或类似的东西归为一类，表示某一类事物的总名称被叫做“上义词”(superordinate)，一个“上义词”的概念包含许多“下义词”(hyponym)。汉语中的“笔”就是前几行所列各种笔的“上义词”。有些分类是各种语言基本一样的，如世界上的东西分成生物(living things)和无生命物(non-living things)，或者有机物(organic matters)和无机物(inorganic matters)，而生物里有植物(plants)和动物(animals)，但有些分类是某种语言特有的。“笔”在英语里就构不成一类。再比如汉语中的“车”(包括各种汽车、自行车、人力车、手推车、童车等)、“牛”(包括水牛、黄牛、牦牛、奶牛等)、“果品”(包括鲜果、干果、蜜饯等)、“皮”(包括各种兽皮、树皮、果皮等)之类的词在英语里都没有对应的说法，因为它们在说英语的人心目中并不构成一个“类”，所以翻译时必须弄清具体东西用不同的下义词代替，有时也可用上义词取代。就连She is my sister. 这样的句子，如果不了解说话人指的是“姐姐”还是“妹妹”，也无法译。这里也有文化上的原因，因为西方强调家庭成员的平等，兄弟姐妹的地位是平等的。因此，西方人在介绍自己的兄弟姐妹时一般说He/She is my brother/sister. 并不分长幼。而英语里sibling这个词在汉语里没有对应的词。有些分类和名称和汉语不一样，如half brother/sister可以指同父异母也可以指同母异父的兄弟姐妹。至于cousin可以指“堂/表兄/弟/姐/妹”；而长一辈中男/女的亲戚除了父/母亲之外都是uncle/aunt.。这些都会造成翻译的困难。难办的是，有时候分类是交叉的。例如，英语的table和desk在汉语里都是“桌子”，但这并不等于“桌子”所含的概念(semantic range)一定比table大，例如coffee table和end table 都是table，但在汉语中却是“茶几”，当然不能归在“桌子”一类里。汉语里的“绿”、“蓝”、“青”是三个颜色，相对而言，英语里只有green和blue两个词，所以“青”字到底应该译为green还是blue要看情况而定(如“青天”是blue sky，“青菜”却是green vegetables，而the Blue Nile习惯上译为“青尼罗河”。)。不光是名词有这样的情况，从某种意义上说，动词分类粗细也有不同，如汉语中的“切”、“割”、“截”、“剁”、“斩”、“砍”、“劈”、“剖”、“剪”、“裁”、“刻”等都可以用一个cut翻译(要区分动作可以加上介词短语表示工具，如“剪”是cut with scissors，或加上补语表示

英语写作中常用的词语和句型

英语写作中常用的词语和句型常用谚语（在议论文中）： 1. As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. 2. As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it wil l do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides. 3. As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way.” (有志者事竟成。) 4. As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.”(观其交友，知其为人。) 5. As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”. (没有苦，就没有甜。) 6. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) 7. More haste, less speed. (欲速则不达。) 8. Look before you leap. (三思而后行。) 9. He who laughs last laughs best. (谁最后笑，谁笑得最好。) ---关于因果关系的句型：

英语写作常用关联词句式

英语写作常用关联词句式集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]

英语写作常用关联词及句子套用模式第一部分：关联词表示开场：（introduction）: generally speaking, comparatively speaking, in general, in a sense, in a way, in my opinion, in some cases, nowadays, recently, currently, obviously, clearly, undoubtedly 表示层进： first, firstly, to begin with； second, secondly, to start with；third, thirdly, what's more, also, and then; and equally important; besides, in addition; further, in the first place; still, furthermore; last, last but not the least; next, besides; too, moreover; finally 表示列举：（enumeration）: first, second, in the first place, first of all, to begin with, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, finally; for example, for instance, to illustrate, after all, as an example, as a case in point, as an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say 表示解释：

无语这个词语用英语怎么表达

无语这个词语用英语怎么表达 “无语”英语怎么说 “无语”英语怎么说 Jessica在北京学汉语，她的中国朋友要是遇到了不知道用美语怎么说的词，免费学习英语的网站，就会来请教她。今天是小北要问的：无语。 Jessica; Xiaobei! You look upset. What happened? Yiru: 别提了！我有个朋友欠钱不还，拖了好长时间了，每次都找各种理由搪塞我！气死我了，以前我还和她理论，现在我简直是…简直是…无语了我！ Jessica: I see. You're so tired of your friend's excuses that you are speechless. XB: Speechless？原来这就是无语的意思。 Jessica: Yes. For example, you can say "she was speechless after learning her boyfriend was dating another woman." XB: 哦，免费学习英语的网站，学英语的好网站，知道男友跟别的女生交往后，她气得说不出话来。 Jessica: Exactly. Basically, you can use "speechless" to mean something so bad or so surprising that you don't know what to say.

XB: I see. 跟你说，我认识一个女生，她特别虚伪，总是假惺惺地称赞别人，转过头来就说人坏话。Every time I see her being so fake, I'm speechless! Jessica: I bet you also roll your eyes! XB: Roll my eyes? Jessica: If you roll your eyes, you're showing that you don't believe someone or you aren't interested in what they're saying. XB: 哦，就是因为不相信或者不耐烦而翻白眼。这个说法真形象! 就在今天早上，I got an email saying I was selected to win 5 million dollars. It also asked for my bank account. Jessica: That's fishy! It must be a scam! XB: 我当然知道这是诈骗邮件了！I rolled my eyes when I read it! 不过你说，要是我哪天我真中了500万… Jessica: That would blow me away! Meaning I'd be really amazed! XB: 哦，to blow someone away就是使人大吃一惊，不过，这应该是用在形容什么好事儿的时候吧？ Jessica: Exactly. For example, My new computer ran so fast it blew me away! XB: Or Jessica has so much cash hidden under her

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