2017年电大计算机专业英语形成性考核册答案

计算机专业英语作业答案（供参考）

计算机专业英语作业1

第1－3章作业

一．Vocabulary( 词汇)

(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)

1．central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器 2.title bar 标题栏

3．operating system 操作系统4．personal computer 个人计算机

5．menu bar 菜单栏6．desk publishing 桌面排版

7．electronic spreadsheet 电子表格8．hard disk 硬盘

9．database 数据库10．Cursor 光标

(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) 1．随机存储器RAM 2．只读存储器ROM

3．传输控制协议TCP 4．数字视频光盘DVD

5．通用串行总线USB 6．计算机辅助设计CAD

7．计算机辅助制造CAM 8．中央处理器CPU

(三)．Translate the following Chinese into English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。)

1．键盘keybord 2．鼠标mouse 3．扫描仪scanner

4．打印机printer 5．输入input 6．输出output

7．显示器monitor 8．存储器storage 9．数据库database

10．操作系统operating system 11．应用软件application software

12．字处理器word processor 13．网络浏览器web browser

二．Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).(判断正误。)

1．As soon as you turn the computer off, the contents of RAM will disappear. (√)

2．Windows XP is Microsoft's most advanced desktop operating system. (√)

3．Software can be divided into two general classes: system software and application software. (√)

4．Microsoft Word XP is a member of Microsoft office 2000 . (×)

5．Application software (also called end-user program) is designed to perform a specific function directly for the user. (√)

6. Without systems software, application software in a computer is useless. (√)

7. WinZip, WinRAR and Mic rosoft’s Internet Explorer are all data compression software. (×)

8. Word doesn’t have t he feature to accessing to World Wide Web. (×)

9. Menu bar displays the names of the application and document. (×)

10. Microsoft Word can help you design and manipulate spreadsheet electronically. (×).

三．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)

（一）．

1. central processing unit（CPU） a. 操作系统

2. hardware b. 输入.

3. RAM(random access memory) c. 只读存储器

4. ROM(read-only memory) d. 应用软件

5. input e. 中央处理器

6. output f. 系统软件

7. operating system g. 硬件

8. application software h. 随机存储器

9. system software i. 内存

10. memory j. 输出

1．e 6. j

2．g 7．a

3．h 8. d

4．c 9. f

5．b 10. i

(二) ．

1. binary system a an input device

2. printer b a compression software

3. Microsoft Word c an operating system

4.Winzip d a numbering system based on the digits 0 and 1

5. Internet Explorer e a part of Microsoft word interface

6. mouse f an electronic spreadsheet

7. Microsoft Excell g an output device

8. DOS h a word processor

9. title bar i a web browser

1．d 6. a

2．g 7．f

3．h 8. c

4．b 9. e

5．i

四．Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）

1．

The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things,

its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers.

The CPU is the most complex computer system component , responsible for directing most of the

computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next,

the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have

increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to

fit on your desk or your lap.

2.

Word processor, __Spreadsheet _________, Database are all application software. Word processor, a special

program can enable a computer user to create a ___dobument____, store it on a ___disk____, display it on a screen, even print it on a __printer____. The software such as ___ Microsoft Word _________, WPS, StarOffice are word processors. Spreadsheet is different from a simple table, for whose ___ value ______ have predefined

relationship to each other, and each of them sits in a ___cell_____. Among the spreadsheet applications, lotus 1-2-3 and ___ Microsoft Excel _____ are the most famous. To access information from a database, the computer user need a ___ DBMS(database management system) _________.

3.

_____ incorporated into __ Excel, Power Point and Access files. In the interface of Word, the ___title

bar______ displays the name of the current application and name of the current document; the _menu bar___lists

the names of the menus available; the _toolbar _gives the user quick access to frequently used editing functions;

the __ruler_____enables the user to change left and right ___ margin ____.

五． Translation.（翻译。）

（一）．Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语。）

1．Most microcomputer printers print one character at a time, usually at rates varying from 30 to perhaps 180

characters per seconds.

大多数的微型计算机打印机一次打印一个字符，通常以每秒30~180个字符的速度打印。

2．Windows XP has a wide range of entertainment features and multimedia support designed to fully integrate

digital media into the PC.

Windows XP 具有很多娱乐性能，并支持多媒体技术，将数字媒体集成于PC 之中。

3．An application software is any program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some

cases, for another application program.

应用软件是为用户设计的具有专门功能的软件，或在某些情况下，为另一种应用程序设计的软件。

4．A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen,

modify it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer.

字处理器使你能够创建文档，并将它存在磁盘上，在显示器上显示，通过从键盘输入命令和字符进行修改，

并在打印机上输出。

5．There are several applications called Web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web, two of the most popular being Netscape Na vigator and Microsoft’s Internet Explorer.

有一些叫做网络浏览器的应用软件可以使我们访问万维网，其中两个比较流行的是Netscape Navigator 和Microsoft Internet Explorer.

6．Spreadsheet applications are computer programs that let you create and manipulate spreadsheets.

电子表格软件（有时简称为电子表格）是能够使你创建和操纵电子表格的计算机程序。

7．Word offers many features, including desktop publishing and access to the World Wide Web.

Word提供很多功能，包括桌面排版和访问万维网。

8．As you create a specific document, such as a business letter or resume, Word provides wizards, which ask questions and then use your answers to format the document before you type the text of the document.

当你要产生一个文件，如一封商业信函或一份简历时，Word会提供向导，它先提出一些问题，然后在输入文字之前，根据你的回答规定该文件的格式。

9．Users often save their work frequently onto nonvolatile secondary storage devices such as diskettes or hard disks.

用户经常在保存工作在非易失性的二级存储设备上例如磁带或硬盘。

10．When editing in Word, a user can change left and right margins with the Ruler.

在Word中进行编辑时，用户可以用标尺改变左边距和右边距。

（二）．Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.（将下列各段翻译成汉语）。

1．The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.

中央处理器（CPU）是计算机系统的心脏。一台计算机相对于其它计算机的速度是快还是慢，除了别的因素外，CPU的配置起着决定的作用。CPU是最复杂的计算机系统设备，它根据提供的指令负责指挥协调计算机系统的全部活动。当老一代计算机被新的一代计算机代替的时候，CPU的实际尺寸往往变得越来越小，而其速度和能力却增加了许多。这种变化的结果就使得微机缩小得可以放在你的桌子上或你的膝上。

2．Personal computer software is based on specific operating systems and machines. Operating systems software

defines the ‘personality’ of the computer by specifying the way in which programs are controlled, files are stored and r etrieved, and how the system’s hardware components are held together. Software written to run on a specific PC operating system can’t run on another. To use PCs effectively, one must understand the capabilities of their operating systems software.

个人计算机软件建立于特定的操作系统和计算机。操作系统软件通过一系列措施定义了计算机的性能，包括如何控制程序执行、文件如何存储和读取、系统硬件组件如何管理等。基于某一特定的PC操作系统编写的软件不能用于其他操作系统。为了充分利用PC机，用户必须了解操作系统的特性。

3．An application software (also called end-user program) is any program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program. Examples of application software include word processors; database programs; Web browsers; development tools; drawing, paint, and image editing programs; and communication programs. Figuratively speaking, application software sits on top of system software because it is unable to run without the operating system and system software.

应用软件（又称作终端用户程序）是直接为用户设计的具有专门功能的软件，或在某些情况下，为另一种应用程序设计的。应用软件的例子有：字处理器，数据库程序，网络浏览器，打发工具，绘图和图像编辑程序，通信程序等。比喻的说，应用软件坐在系统软件的上面，这是因为如果没有操作系统和系统公用程序应用软件将不能运行。

计算机专业英语作业2

第4-6章作业

一．Vocabulary( 词汇)

(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)

1．database 数据库2．flat-file database 平面数据库

3．relational database 关系数据库4．data structure 数据结构

5．built in 内置6．coding 编码

7．machine language 机器语言8．Property Window 属性窗口

9．software crisis 软件危机10．object model 对象模式

11．black box testing 黑盒测试12．white box testing 白盒测试

13．Bug 错误14．software maintenance 软件维护

15．Requirements Analysis & Specification 需求分析和说明

(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) 1．结构化查询语言SQL 2．关系型数据库管理系统RDBMS

3．集成开发环境IDE 4．多文档界面MDI

5．单文档界面SDI 6．面向对象分析OOA

7．面向对象设计OOD 8．面向对象编程OOP

(三)．Translate the following Chinese into English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。)

1．客户机/服务器client/server 2．二维的two dimensional

3．点击鼠标右键right click 4．调试程序debug the program

5．高级语言high-level language 6．标准版standard edition

7．代码窗口code window 8．软件生命周期software life cycle

9．软件测试software testing 10．数据流图data-flow diagram

二．Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).(判断正误。)

1．Client/server database system is no longer in use now. ( ×)

2．Flat-file style of database is suitable for large amounts of data. (√)

3．SQL Server can allow many users to visit the database at the same time. ( √) 4．Maintenance of programs is not as important as the development. ( ×)

5．High-level language is popular, because it is directly executable in computer without compiling.

(×)

6. There are various languages for humans, whereas(然而)there is only one programming language for computer. (×)

7. The windows that are displayed when you start VB are known as the Visual Basic Integrated Development Environment (IDE). (√)

8. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues. (√)

9. OOD is the stage of creation and OOP is an implementation stage. (√)

10. White box testing requires the tester to have knowledge of the internal structure. (√)

三．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)

（一）．

1. DBMS a. 结构化查询语言

2. relational database b. 维护

3. SQL (Structured Query Language) c. 高级语言

4. compile the program d. 数据库管理系统

5. High-level language e. 多文档界面

6. MDI(Multi-Document Interface) f. 关系数据库

7. Maintenance g. 编译程序

8. Object-oriented Design (OOD) h. 软件测试

9. software testing i. 黑盒测试

10. black box testing ` j. 面向对象设计

1．d 6. e

2．f 7． b

3．a 8. j

4．g 9. h

5．c 10. i

(二) ．

1．machine language a. 调试

2．assembly language b. 功能测试

3. debugging c. 窗体

4. functional testing d. 汇编语言

5. white box testing

e. 机器语言 6. form

f. 白盒测试 7. project window

g. 表记录 8. field

h. 结构化程序设计 9. .structured programming

i. 工程窗口 10. table record

j 字段

1． e 6. c

2． d 7．i

3． a 8. j

4． b 9. h

5． 10. g

四．Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form

where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）

1．

Like many other RDBMSs, SQL Server uses two dimensional tables to store data. These tables are called catalogs or dictionaries. It is a secure system and allow you to assign right to

individual users. By default, it use a group to distinguish among different SQL Severs. To create a new

database, you need to specify a name . And you may also change the location of the

database during this process. A new database comes with over 10 system tables. To create a new table,

you can use a table design window.

2．

A programming language, designed to ___ facilitate _____ the communication between human and

computers, is a _____

notation _ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of

programming languages, they are__ machine language ,

which can be run directly by computer; _ assembly

language _ and machine language _. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of

them have many kinds of ___ construct __ in common and vary only in the way that these must be ____ written

__ . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job. 3． Software testing, which is defined as the execution of a program to find its___ faults __, is a vital part of the

software lifecycle. There are different types of testing, mainly, they are ___ black box testing or functional testing, which tests whether the __ output ___ is the expected result with the __ valid __ input; and _ white box testing _ (or glass box testing) which is performed to ___ reveal ___ problems with the___ internal ____ structure of a program . Debugging is the process of analyzing and locating bugs when software does not behave as expected. Software testing is a much more __ thorough ___ means of identifying software ___ bugs ____. Therefore, debugging supports testing other than replacing testing.

四．Translation.（翻译。）

（一）．Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语。）

1. A database system is a software system which can manage a database stored in computer files.

一个数据库系统是能够管理计算机中存储的数据库的软件系统。

2. Relational databases also have functions "built in" that help them to get, sort and edit the data in many different ways.

关系型数据库还具有“内置”的功能帮助其用多种方式获取、排序和编辑数据。

3. SQL Server is designed to allow thousands of users to access the database at the same time and is a true client/server database system.

SQL Server 被设计为允许数千用户同时访问数据库，并且是真正的客户机/服务器数据库系统。

4. During the last few years, it has been realized that maintenance of programs is more expensive than development, so reading of programs by humans is as important as writing them.

在过去的一些年里，人们已经意识到维护一个软件比开发一个软件还要昂贵，所以人们读程序和写程序一样重要。

5. Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers.

程序设计语言用于使人和计算机之间的交流变得容易。

6. Fortunately most programming languages have many kinds of constructs in common and vary only in the way that these must be written.

幸运的是程序设计语言之前在结构上有许多相同之处，不同之处是它们书写的方式。

7. Some applications, such as Word, allow for several windows in a special mode called MDI in which you can open multiple documents within the same application.

一些应用程序，如Word，允许一些窗口使用MDI模式，使你能够在一个软件中打开多个数据文档。

8. For developing a software product, the development process is divided into 5 stages:Requirements Analysis & Specification, Design, Coding, Testing,and Maintenance.

开发一个软件产品，开发过程分为5个阶段：需求分析和说明，设计，编码，测试。

9. Object-orientation may increase productivity because OOA and OOD, if done correctly, result in products that are cleaner, more understandable, and easier to implement and test.

面向对象方法可以提高生产效率是因为面向对象分析和设计，如果正确执行了面向对象方法，可以产生出更清晰，更易理解，更容易实现和测试的软件。

10. Functional testing tests whether the output is the expected result with the valid input.

功能测试是检查使用有效的输入是否能得到所期望的输出。

（二）．Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.（将下列各段翻译成汉语）。

1. SQL Server is a RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) made by Microsoft. This means that the data is stored in two dimensional tables. RDBMSs all have tables called catalogs or dictionaries that contain information about the particular databases. SQL Server is designed to allow thousands of users to access the database at the same time and is a true client/server database system. It is much more secure than Access. Rights can be assigned to individual users and administrators. For example you can setup one user that can only insert data in the database but cannot delete any.

SQL Server 是Microsoft 开发的关系型数据库管理系统。这意味着数据存储在二维的表中。关系型数据库管理系统都具有被称为目录或字典的表。SQL Server 被设计为允许数千用户同时访问数据库，并且是真正的客户机/服务器数据库系统，比Access更加安全。可以为个别用户和管理员分配权限。例如您可以设置某个用户只能在数据库中插入数据，而不能删除任何数据。

2. A high-level language is an artificial language with which we can write various instructions. This is possible not because computer processors are now so technologically advanced that they can ‘understand’ these languages. You should translate from programming languages into machine language which can be understood by the computer processors. Compilers can accomplish this task. This does mean that a high-level language program is not directly executable: it must be compiled to produce processor program, which is executable.

高级语言是一种人造语言，使用它我们可以写不同的指令。这成为可能不是因为计算机处理器如今是如此的技术先进以至于它们可以理解这些语言。你需要将这些语言翻译成计算机处理器能够理解的机器语言。编译器能够完成这项工作。这就意味着高级语言程序不是直接可执行的：它必须被编译生成处理器程序，这些程序是可执行的。

3. Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life. Complex software systems have become critical to the operation of many systems in areas such as

banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress in computer science and accumulated experience with industrial production of software have led to the emergence of software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." that is, the application of engineering to software.

在过去的几十年间，信息技术有了巨大的发展，并且影响着我们每天的生活。复杂的软件系统已经成为许多领域的关键，如银行，通信，制造业，电力，交通等。随着计算机科学的进步和工业生产经验的积累，导致软件工程作为一个独立的标准出现。软件工程规范已经被定义为“应用系统的、规范的、量化的方法开发、操作和维护软件。”也就是说，使用工程的方法开发软件。

计算机专业英语作业3

第7-9章作业

一．Vocabulary( 词汇)

(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。) 1．transmission media 传输介质2．bus network 总线网络

3．management information system管理信息系统4．transaction processing 事务处理

5．decision support system 决策支持系统6．Electronic commerce 电子商务

7．digital video 数字视频8．credit card 信用卡

9．data warehouse 数据仓库10．real-time 实时

11．network permission 网络权限12．computer virus 计算机病毒

13．email attachment 电子邮件附件14．network security 网络安全

15．security patch 安全补丁

16．IMS (Information Management Strategy) 信息管理策略

(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) 1．局域网LAN 2．广域网WAN

3．万维网WWW 4．超文本链接标示语言HTML

5．文件传送[输]协议FTP 6．传输控制协议/网际协议TCP/IP

7．开放系统互连OSI 8．电子数据交换EDI

9．企业与个人的电子商务交易方式B2C 10．企业之间的电子商务交易方式B2B (三)．Translate the following Chinese into English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。)

1．星型网络star network 2．路由器router

3．交换机switch 4．IP 地址IP address

5．多媒体multimedia 6．音频audio

7．视频video 8．图形graphic

9．图像image 10．摄像机video recorder

11．黑客hacker 11．防火墙firewall

二．Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).(判断正误。)

1．A WAN is a network that connects LANs and nodes across a wide geographical area. (√)

2．WWW provides access to a variety of Internet resources from different interfaces. (√)

3．The chief responsibility of TCP/IP is to ensure reliable point-to-point connectivity. (×)

4．The main focus of MIS is the management function of an organization. (√)

5．Compared with simple non-EDI-based purchase, EDI purchase is faster, cheaper and convenient. (√)

6. A multimedia system allows end users to share, communicate and process a variety of forms of information in

an integrated manner (√)

7. Data warehouse is a single source of information to understand different subjects. (√)

8. Data warehouse only contains current information. (×)

9. New antivirus software is always more effective in defending virus attack. (×)

10. Hackers sometimes can disguise themselves as internal users and attack your system undetected. (√)

四．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)

（一）．

1. MIS a. 局域网

2. HTML b. 电子数据交换

3. LAN c. 管理信息系统

4. FTP d. 万维网

5. TCP/IP e. 企业与个人的电子商务交易方式

6. WWW f. 传输控制协议/网际协议

7. EDI g. 文件传送[输]协议

8. OSI h. 超文本链接标示语言

9. B2C i. 企业之间的电子商务交易方式

10. B2B j. 开放系统互连

1．c 6. d

2．h 7．b

3．a 8. j

4．g 9. e

5．f 10. i

(二) ．

1. router a. 音频

2．hub b. 图像

3. switch c. 集线器

4. multimedia d. 路由器

5. audio e. 防火墙

6. video f. 交换机

7. graphics g. 多媒体

8. image h. 视频

9. hacker i. 图形

10. firewall j 黑客

1． d 6. h

2． c 7．i

3． f 8. b

4． g 9. j

5． a 10. e

四．Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form

where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）

1．

TCP/IP consists of two protocols . It uses packet switching to facilitate

the transmission of messages. Packet switching divides message into small unites called packets . Packets travel along the network separately, based on the final destination and network traffic and other network conditions.

2．

Management Information System connects all the components of an organization together. It

provides information support for decision makers. These information is converted from data.

A well-designed MIS can save time for routine tasks and speed up the transfer of information. The four elements of MIS are people, hardware, software and data. Hardware requirements often means networking , while software

requirements often include office packages .

3.

A virus is a program that self-replicates. There are many types of viruses. Basic virus attacks

computers via e-mail or Internet connections. hoax viruses often come with your mail and are

carried by the attachment . Several viruses may be combined together to form blended attack. To defend against virus, you need antivirus tools. This requires a balancing between

user-friendliness and

security . Many software such as NA V can provide such functions plus online protection.

五． Translation.（翻译。）

（一）．Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语。）

1．In recent years, TCP/IP has also begun to be used by telephone companies to provide faster, cheaper telephone transmissions.

近年来，TCP/IP被逐渐用于电话公司来提供更快、更便宜的电话传输。

2．The World Wide Web is the latest evolution of an effort to make information on computers throughout the world available to as many users as possible.

人们努力想把计算机上的信息传遍全世界，让尽可能多的人能够得到，万维网（WWW）就是为此发展起来的。

3．A small network may only connect two computers inside a home to share a single printer and Internet connection

小型计算机网络可能仅由家庭中的两台计算机组成，它们可以共享打印机和因特网连接。

4．Thus a management information system collects, transmits, processes, and stores data on an organization's resources and programmes.

管理信息系统基于企业的资源和程序搜集、传输和存储数据。

5．EDI refers to the electronic exchange of business information between two companies using a specific and structured format over private networks.

EDI是指两个公司之间通过私有网络使用特定、结构化的格式电子交换商业信息。

6．Information users only have to deal with one integrated environment rather than a number of separate information subsystems.

信息用户只需要处理一个集成环境，而不是一系列独立的信息子系统。

7．A multimedia system allows end users to share, transfer and process a variety of forms of information in a unified manner.

多媒体系统允许终端用户以统一的形式共享、传输并处理各种形式的信息。

8．The data warehouse is the data environment that can be used as the single integrated source of data for processing information.

数据仓库是一种数据环境，是用于信息处理的单一和综合的数据源。

9．A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself.

计算机病毒是一种计算机程序，被创建用来制造和传播自身的副本。

10．There is free firewall software available that can run on minimal hardware and provide a good level of

protection to your network.

现在已有免费的防火墙软件，可以运行在最低的硬件配置上，并能较好地保护您的网络。

（二）．Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.（将下列各段翻译成汉语）。

1. A computer network links computers together to allow users to share hardware, software, and data, and communicate with each other electronically. Computer networks exist in many sizes and types. We will discuss the topologies of networks first, and then touch on some hardware issues, including the network devices and the types of transmission media involved. Communication networks can be classified in terms of their physical arrangement or Topologies. Three common topologies are the star, bus, and ring.

计算机网络以电子的方式将用户的计算机连接在一起，用户通过网络，就可以共享硬件、软件、数据，就可以相互通信。网络有不同的规模和种类。首先，我们将论述其拓扑结构，然后谈一些硬件问题，包括网络设备和相关的传输介质类型。通信网络可以按照其物理排列或拓扑结构来分类。有三种常见的拓扑结构：星型、总线型和环型。

2．Electronic commerce is the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products and services and information via computer networks using any of the applications that rely on the Internet, such as electronic data interchange (EDI), e-mail, electronic bulletin boards, fax transmissions, and electronic funds transfer.

电子商务是通过计算机网络上的应用程序进行产品、服务和信息的买卖或交换，这些应用程序包括电子数据交换（EDI）、电子邮件、电子公告牌、发送传真和电子资金传输。

3．The basic concept of a data warehouse is the difference between data and information. Data is composed of facts that are often found in certain systems, such as data on student information at a university. In a data warehouse environment, data is only valuable when it is organized and displayed as information. Information is an integrated collection of facts and is used as the basis for decision making. The data warehouse is the data environment that can be used as the single integrated source of data for processing information.

数据仓库的基本概念是数据和信息之间的差异。数据由在特定系统中常常可以发现的事实组成，如一所大学里学生信息的数据。在数据仓库环境中，数据只有在组织和显示为信息后才有价值。信息是事实的综合，被用来作为决策的基础。数据仓库是一种数据环境，是用于信息处理的单一和综合的数据源。

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