Literature-2-中英字幕

Hello, everyone, welcome to the course of Chinese Culture!

大家好，欢迎来到中国文化概要课程！

In this lesson, please join us to learn about the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.

本节课，我们一起来学习中国文学中的四大名著。

A great achievement in Chinese classical literature is the Four Great Classical Novels published in the Ming and Qing dynasties,

中国古典文学中的一项伟大成就是明清时期出版的四大名著，

which have been celebrated for centuries for their rich historical and cultural significance. 它们以其丰富的历史文化意义而闻名于世。

Now, let’s learn them one by one.现在，让我们逐个进行学习。

The first one—Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong,

首先，罗贯中的《三国演义》，

is recognized as the earliest chapter-by-chapter historical novel in China.

是中国最早的历史长篇章回体小说。

Based on history books and folk legends, 基于史书和民间传说，

the book describes the rise and fall of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, 该书描述了魏、蜀、吴三国的兴衰，

and the complex political, military, and diplomatic struggles during that period.

以及那段时期复杂的政治、军事和外交斗争。

One main theme the writer wants to advocate is brotherhood.

作者想要突出的一个主题就是兄弟情谊。

In the novel, Luo Guanzhong successfully created a number of impressive characters with different characteristics,

在这部小说中，罗贯中成功地塑造了许多令人印象深刻的人物，他们各有特点，

such as Zhuge Liang, a superb strategist, cunning and suspicious Cao Cao,

如诸葛亮，一个高超的战略家，狡猾多疑的曹操，

loyal and brave Guan Yu, and reckless Zhang Fei, etc.

忠诚勇敢的关羽，鲁莽的张飞等。

They have become household names among the Chinese.

他们已经成为中国人家喻户晓的名字。

The second classical novel—Water Margin, written by Shi Nai’an,

第二部——《水浒传》，由施耐庵所著，

is the first novel to deal with the subject matter of peasant revolts in China.

是第一部以农民起义为题材的长篇小说。

It tells the story of the rebellion of the 108 heroes in the area of Liangshan at the end of the Northern Song dynasty.

它讲述了北宋末年梁山一带108位英雄起义的故事。

Shi Nai’an was skilled at revealing the inner world of characters through their

behavior and language,

施耐庵善于通过人物的行为和语言来揭示人物的内心世界，

and revealed the characters’dispositions and resistance to oppression through describing their different life experiences.

通过描写人物不同的生活经历来揭示人物的性格和对压迫的反抗。

During the peasant uprising, the rebellious heroes execute justice in the name of Heaven by

在农民起义中，起义的英雄们以天之名，

killing the rich and relieving the poor.杀富济贫，伸张正义。

At the end of the novel, the rebels at Liangshan are defeated, and some, led by Song Jiang, accept amnesty and surrender to the government.

在小说的最后，起义军在梁山被击败，由宋江带领的一些起义人士，向政府投降并接受了招安。

The third novel—Journey to the West, written by Wu Cheng’en,

第三部小说—《西游记》，由吴承恩所著，

is an outstanding romantic works full of fantastic tales.

是一部充满奇幻故事的杰出的浪漫主义作品。

The novel tells the story of Xuanzang, a Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty,

小说讲述了一位唐朝和尚，玄奘，

overcoming 81 adversities and defeating various monsters and demons before finally reaching India to obtain Buddhist scriptures, assisted by his three disciples: the Monkey King, the Eight-Commandment Pig, and Monk Sha.

在他的三个徒弟（孙悟空，猪八戒，沙僧）的协助下，克服了81次苦难并打败了各种怪兽和恶魔，最后到达印度取得佛经的故事。

Some fantastic and thrilling tales from the novel are still popular with the children of China today:

这部小说中有些荒诞刺激的故事至今仍深受中国儿童的喜爱，

“The Monkey King Creates Mavoc in Heaven”, “The Eight-Commandment Pig Gets Married at Gaolaozhuang Village”, “The Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon”, and “Crossing the Flaming Mountain”.

例如“孙悟空大闹天空”、“猪八戒高老庄娶亲”、“孙悟空三打白骨精”、“过火焰山”。

Through telling tales of deities and spirits, Wu Cheng’en exposed the darkness and corruption of feudal society,

通过讲鬼神故事，吴承恩揭露了封建社会的黑暗和腐败，

criticized social realities, and implicitly expressed people’s different forms of resistance. 批判了社会现实，含蓄地表达了人们不同形式的反抗。

The fourth novel—A Dream of the Red Mansions, also called The Story of the Stone, written by Cao Xueqin,

第四部小说是曹雪芹写的《红楼梦》，也被称为《石头记》，

has long been acknowledged as the most famous and greatest novel in Chinese literature. 一直被认为是中国文学中最著名和最伟大的小说。

The novel provides a detailed, episodic record of life in the two branches of the wealthy, aristocratic Jia clan—the Rongguo House and the Ningguo House.

小说详细描写了京城达官贵族贾家后代，即荣国府和宁国府的贵族生活。

Through a tragedy of romance between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu,

通过贾宝玉和林黛玉之间的爱情悲剧，

this novel gives an account of the history of a feudal clan from its heyday to its final collapse. 这部小说讲述了一个封建氏族从鼎盛到灭亡的历史。

There are more than 400 characters vividly depicted in the novel,

小说中生动地描绘了400多个人物，

and it contains poems, ci, lyric verses and prose essays, which fit the plot and the fate of these characters.

包含了诗歌、词、抒情诗和散文，这些都符合这些人物的情节和命运。

It is really a panorama of feudal society and has been considered an encyclopedia of Chinese literature.

这部小说是封建社会的一幅全景画，被认为是中国文学的百科全书。

Ok, that’s all for this section, thank you for joining us, and I hope you can enjoy it! See you next time!

好了，本节课就到这里，谢谢大家的参与，希望大家喜欢！下次见！