四级翻译常用词汇
教育词汇 成人夜校 night school for adults
在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电 update one ' s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“ 211 工程” the “211 Project ” for higher education 高等学府
institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院 teachers ' college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高考(uni versity/college) entrance exam in atio n 高校扩招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course
山东菜 Shandong cuisine 粤
菜 Canton cuisine 月饼 moon cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 馒头 steamed buns 包子 steamed stuffed buns 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 豆腐 tofu? bean curd 烧饼 clay oven rolls 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 火锅 hot pot 中国古代四大发明 火药 gunpowder 造纸术 青铜器 唐三彩
菜系食品
川菜 Sichuan cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 年糕 rice cake 豆浆 soybean milk 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup) 麻花 fried dough twist 皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks
古代发明
the four great inventions of ancient China
paper-making bronze ware 印刷术 printing
指南针 the compass 瓷器 porcelain; china tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
秋千 swing 景泰蓝 cloisonne 武术 martial arts
选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses
专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule
教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分credit
启发式教学 heuristic teachi ng 人才交流 tale nt excha nge
人才战 competition for talented people
商务英语证书 Busi ness En glish Certificate (BEC)
适龄儿重入学率 en rollme nt rate for childre n of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; en rollme nt rate
节日词汇
经济词汇
总供给 aggregate supply
企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业
形象 corporate image; enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation
创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 夕卜资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
假日经济 holiday economy 航空和航天工业 aerospace industry 电子工业
electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry
娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry
知识密集型产业 kno wledge-i nten sive in dustry
国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-ow ned en terprises
春节 the Spring Festival 清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 庙会 temple fair
年画(traditi on al) New Year pictures 舞龙 dragon dance 花灯 festival lantern 舞狮 lion dance 赛龙舟 drag on boat race
元宵节 the Lantern Festival 端午节 the Drag on-boat Festival 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 春联 spring couplets 爆竹 firecracker 压岁钱 New Year gift-money 元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 灯谜 Ian tern riddle 踩高跷 stilt walking 胡同hutong
总需求 aggregate dema nd 猎头公司head-hunter 人力资
本human capital 飞机制造工业aircraft industry
轻工业 light industry 制9造业 manufacturing industry 市场多元化 market diversification 市场监管 market supervision 熊市 bear market 博彩业 lottery industry 垄断行业 mono poly in dustries 市场经济 market economy 购买力 purchasing power 牛市 bull market
城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate
首付down-payment 业主home owner
个人购房贷款in dividual hous ing loa n 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ)
经济增长economic growth
泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff
纟内税人tax payer
宏观经济macro economy
货币投放量the size of money supply
流动性过剩excess liquidity
经济过热overheated economy
通货膨胀inflation
抑制通货膨胀curb inflation
注入流动性to inject liquidity
贴现率discount rate
存款准备金率reserve requirement ratio (RRR)
公开市场业务open market operation (OMO)
逆回购reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo
引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prude nt mon etary policy 微调货币政策to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆hard landing 软着陆soft landing
二十国集团Group of Twenty (G2O)
财政部长Finance Minister
全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力economic vitality
大规模经济刺激计戈U a massive econo mic stimulus package
结构改革structural reform
硬资产hard assets
软资产soft assets
有形资产tangible assets
经济走廊economic corridor
整顿市场秩序to rectify the market order
反垄断an titrust; an ti-m on opoly
定价浮动price fluctuations
谋求利益最大化to maximize profit
债务审计audit of debt
地方性政府债务local government debt/liability
公共财政体制改革an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理debt management 信用支持credit support
科技词汇
vanish vi.消失、突然间消失 例：My fear varnished. 我的恐惧突然消失。 digital | a.数字的、数字显示的 考：digital age 数码时代 Electrical a.电的，与电有关的 考: electrical applianee 电器设备
Electronic~| a.电子的 考: electronicdevice 电子设备 optical | a.光的、眼的 例: optical instruments 光学仪器
univerSal ] a.普遍的，全体的;通用的，万能的 派: uni verse n.宇宙 例：universal truth 普遍真理
solar | a.太阳能的 例: solar energy 太阳能 solid | a.固体的、实心的、结实 例：solid fuel 固体燃料 solid evidenee 可信的证据
派：solidarity n. 团结 solidify v. 凝固 infinite ] a.无限的、无边无际的 例: infinite patienee 无限的耐心 Mechanical | a.机械的
例: mechanical engineering 机械工程师 派: mechanic a.机械的 precise | a. 精确的
派: precisionn.精确 logical | a.逻辑的
派：logic n.逻辑illogical a.不合逻辑的 psychological a. 心理的、心理学的 派: psychology n.心理 Phenomenon n.现象、迹象 派: phenomenal a. 显著的
考: a com mon phe nomenon bacteria n.细菌 element n. 元素、成分、元件
例: the theory of evolution Mathematics I n.算术
派: mathematical a. 数学上的 formula I n. 原贝叽方案、公式 例: peace formula 和平方案 statistic I n.统计数值、统计资料 例：statistic data 统计数据 vitamin n.维生素 protein I n.蛋白质
普遍现象 派：elemental a. 基本的、元素的
eleme ntary a. 基本的、初步的 biology n. 生物学、生态学 evoluti on n.演变、进化 进化论
oxygen n. 氧、氧气 记：oxy （氧的）+gen （产生）=氧气 carbon | n.碳 考: carb on dioxide 二氧化碳 Measurement | n.衡量、测量 例: three measurements 三围
派: measure vt. 衡量，测量 Intelligenc ~~| n.智力、智慧、情报 派：intelligent a.智慧的 例: artificial intelligenee 人工智能
graph ] n.图表、图解 navigatio ―| n.航行、导航 派: navigate v.导航 例: navigation system 导航系统
dimension ―| n.方面、纬、长（或宽、厚）等 派: dimensional a. 空间的 例: three dimensional space 三纬空间
名胜古迹
长城 the Great Wall of China
烽火台 秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang
兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road
敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山"Wutai Mountain 九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山 Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai 黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate
大运河 Grand Canal
the Moat 回音壁 Echo Wall Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall the Mausoleum of Emperor Hua ngdi the Ming Tombs
苏州园林 Suzhou garde ns 九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 鼓楼 drum tower 孑L 庙 Confucius Temple 十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama
儒道老庄
儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教Taoism 法家 Legalism 佛教 Buddhism
孑L 子
Confucius 孟子 Mencius 老子 Lao Tzu 庄子 Chua ng Tzu 墨子Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
象形文字 pictographic characters
beac on tower
护城河 居庸关 黄帝陵 十三陵 西湖 West Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex 乐山大佛 Leshan Gia nt Buddha 儒家思想Confucianism 墨家Mohism
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（8）当事人陈述：statements of the parties （9）鉴定结论：expert conclusions （10）勘验笔录：records of inspection （11）诉讼时效：Limitation of action （12）期间：time periods （13）送达：service （14）调解：conciliation （15）财产保全；property preservation （16）先予执行：advance execution （17）强制措施：compulsory measures specific performance 特定履行，强制执行（18）诉讼费用：litigation costs/fees （19）执行措施：execution measures
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2017年6月大学练习题13篇汇总 1.中国菜 请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 中国菜(cuisine)是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的统称，也指发源于中国的烹饪方式。中国菜历史悠久, 流派(genre)众多，主要代表菜系有“八大菜系”。每一菜系因气候、地理、历史、烹饪技巧和生活方式的差异而风格各异。中国菜的调料(seasoning)丰富多样，调料的不同是形成地方特色菜的主要原因之一。中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳，味是菜肴的灵魂。中国饮食文化博大精深，作为世界三大菜系之一的中国菜，在海内外享有盛誉。 参考翻译: Chinese cuisine is a general term for the various foods from diverse regions and ethnic groups of China. It also refers to cooking styles originating from China. With a long history, Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, the main representatives of which are "Eight Cuisines". Every cuisine is distinctive from one another due to the differences in climate, geography, history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. Chinese cuisine contains a rich variety of seasonings, which is one of main factors contributing to different local special dishes. Chinese cuisine lays emphasis on
2014年12月英语四级段落翻译预测及译文汇总(1)
2014年12月英语四级段落翻译预测及译文汇总(1) 泼水节 泼水节(Water-Spri nk|ing Festi va|)是傣族最隆重的节日，也可以称之为傣族的“新年”。泼水节已有700多年的历史，一般在每年的4月13日举行，持续3至7天。大家用纯净的清水相互泼洒，祈求洗去过去一年的不顺，新的一年带着美好的愿望再次出发。人们把第三天视为最美好最吉祥的日子。在这天，人们观看龙舟竞赛，跳孔雀舞。活动内容丰富，场面极为热闹。除了我国傣族，亚洲其他国家，如泰国，也有庆祝泼水节的习俗。 Water-Sprinkling Festival(Songkran)is the most important festival of the Dai Ethnic People，which can be also called‘'New Year”of Dai People． Songkran has over 700 years of history．It’s generally held on April 13 each year and lasts about 3-7 days．People splash each other with pure water,to wash away the bad luck in the past year,so as to start again with good wishes for the new year．The third day is taken as the most wonderful and auspicious day．On this day，people watch dragon boat races，and perform Peacock dances，with abundant activities of festival happiness．In addition to the Dai people in China，Songkran Festival is also observed by other Asian countries including Thailand． 蒙古族 蒙古族是一个富有传奇色彩的民族，对亚欧历史进程产生过巨大的影响。全球蒙古民族共约有820万，主要分布在中国、蒙古国、俄罗斯三个国家。蒙古族服饰包括长袍、腰带、靴子、首饰等，但因地区不同在样式上有所差异。中国境内的蒙古族主要居住在内蒙古自治区，全区现有蒙古族人口约达380万。自古以来，蒙古族人善于骑射，素有“马背上的民族”(the Peop I e on Horseback)之称。 Mongolia is a legendary nation that once had huge impact on the history ofasia and Europe。There are about 8．2 million Mongolian people in total in the whole world．They are mainly distributed in the three countries of China，Mongolia and Russia．Mongolian costumes include robes，belts，boots，jewelry,etc．，that vary in different styles in different regions．Mongolians who live in the territory of China mainly reside in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，in which there ale about 3．8 million Mongolian people．Since ancient times，Mongolian people ale good at riding and shooting．They are known as“the People on Horseback”． 杭州 杭州位于中国东南沿海，是中国的“丝绸之府”(the Home of S i I k)。意大利著名旅行家马可-波罗赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽的华贵之城”。西湖位于杭州西部，以秀丽的湖光山色和众多的名胜古迹闻名中外。它是为数不多的免费5A景区。春夏秋冬都有其独特的魅力。饭后漫步西湖，看一看音乐喷泉，听一听街头弹奏，是一件惬意的事情。 Hangzhou，located at southeast coast of China，is“the Home of Silk”in China．The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo praised Hangzhou as“the most beautiful and luxurious city in the world．”West Lake in the west of Hangzhou，is famous all over
新四级段落翻译常用词汇(必备)
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济 总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation 创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司 head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本 human capital
航空和航天工业 aerospace industry 飞机制造工业 aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化
market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化
大学英语四级翻译常考句型短语整理
一、常用单词组 education 教育 input in education 教育投入communal participation 社会参与enhance the moral awareness of 提高……的思想品德 professional ethics 职业道德 credit system 学分制 guarantee job assignments 包分配multidisciplinary 多学科的 key university 重点大学 national expenditure on education 国家教育经费 account for…% 占百分比intercultural communication 国际文化交流equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备 to become educated through independent study 自学成材compulsory education 普及教育preschool/elementary/secondary/hi gher/ education 学前/初等/中等/高等教育 adult education 成人教育vocational and technical education 职业技术教育 institutions of higher learning 高等学校 inservice training course 在职进修班 compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课
record of formal schooling 学历diploma 文凭，学历证明 二、常用句型 1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say. 2、强调句型 It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us. 3、"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词) He was all gentleness to her. 4、利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime. 5、"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much
英语四级预测题作文加翻译
就业难 It’s very hard for college graduates to find a job, of course harder to get an ideal job. In fact, many factors contribute to the unfavorable situation. First, more and more students can go to college because of the being fast improved high education of China. As a result, there are more graduates every year. However, job vacancies don’t increase that fast. More people, less food, which is the exact description of the hard condition. Second, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce. Third, because of the fast development of science, technology, economy, society and the interchange of different nations, all units have higher requirement of their employees, for example, stronger ability and higher degree. In addition to the factors above, there are still more which bring hardship for graduates to find jobs. Nevertheless, how to solve the problem is more important. It is a good idea for the graduates to learn more knowledge with a higher degree and to practice and improve their capability of dealing with all kinds of situation, organization, having good terms with others and cooperative spirit. Besides, the government should try to and encourage all units to create more job vacancies for the college graduates. Of course, the graduates should have a proper attitude towards various jobs, but not always pursue those with higher payment. Volunteer teaching in the west 1. 每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。 2. 支教活动的意义。
常用翻译词汇
一、组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇 Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 Conveyer流水线物料板 Rivet table拉钉机 Rivet gun拉钉枪 Screw driver起子 Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起 fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器 fuse together熔合 fuse machine热熔机 repair修理 operator作业员 QC品管 supervisor 课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检查 thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 EMI gasket导电条 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键 Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试 V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检查表 work cell工作间 trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手 hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床 planer |'plein |刨床 miller铣床 grinder磨床 driller??床 linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机 staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务 president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理 section supervisor课长 deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 assistant manager助理 to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库 pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油 to file burr 锉毛刺 final inspection终检 to connect material接料 to reverse material 翻料 wet station沾湿台 Tiana天那水 cleaning cloth抹布 to load material上料 to unload material卸料 to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skr?pid|报废 scrape ..v.刮;削 deficient purchase来料不良 manufacture procedure制程 deficient manufacturing procedure制程 不良 oxidation |' ksi'dei n|氧化 scratch刮伤 dents压痕 defective upsiding down抽芽不良 defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块 feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲 production capacity生产力 education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer备件 forklift叉车 trailer=long vehicle拖板车 compound die合模 die locker锁模器 pressure plate=plate pinch压板 bolt螺栓 name of a department部门名称 administration/general affairs dept总务 部 automatic screwdriver电动启子 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器 defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 screwdriver holder起子插座 pedal踩踏板 stopper阻挡器 flow board流水板 hydraulic handjack油压板车 forklift叉车 pallet栈板 glove(s)手套 glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套 thumb大拇指 forefinger食指 midfinger中指 ring finger无名指 little finger小指 band-aid创可贴 iudustrial alcohol工业酒精 alcohol container沾湿台 head of screwdriver起子头 sweeper扫把 mop拖把 vaccum cleaner吸尘器 rag 抹布 garbage container灰箕
最新四级翻译完成句子预测答案
大学英语四级（CET-4）翻译句子部分 1.Whether he can on receipt of the notification to attend the Conference（他是否能一接到通知便来参加会议）remains unknown to us. 2.With the development of research, some scientists begin Apply theory to practice in the prediction of a disaster（将理论运用到实践中预测灾难） 3.As Chile is a long, narrow country,Temperature changes from North to South great（气温自北向南变化巨大） 4.But for his certain talent for composition,He would have been the group from my（他早就被该组开除了） 5.Although it doesn't matter to me,You should gain the boss agree（你本该事先争得老板的同意） 6.However, the rigid training at my college should Make up for my lack of experience（弥补我工作经验的不足） 7.Over a third of the population was estimated to Lack of access to public medical and health services（无法获得公共医疗卫生服务） 8.After many test（经过多次试验后）, this new-type motor will be put into mass production. 9.Many people think the Internet is a useful and thought-provoking tool,
翻译常用词汇
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
英语四级翻译常考词汇
英语四级翻译常考词汇 一个中国原则the one-China principle 与时俱进keep pace with the times 综合国力overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”(战略)going global 不结盟non-alignment 单边主义unilateralism 多边政策multilateralism 多极世界multipolar world 人口老龄化aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务community service 道德法庭court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise
猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market