译文赏析作业

译文赏析作业
译文赏析作业

钱钟书译文赏析

钱钟书(1910-1998),江苏无锡人,因他周岁“抓周”时抓得一本书,故取名“钟书”,字默存,号槐聚,曾用笔名中书君,中国现代作家、文学研究家。他哓畅多种外文,包括英、法、德语,亦懂拉丁文、意大利文、希腊文、西班牙文等。

中学时代,在语文课本上第一次接触到了钱钟书老先生。那时候只知道钱老先生是一位作家,只知道他写的文章很好,很受欢迎。后来才知道,原来钱老还是一个著名的翻译家。

下面是钱钟书先生翻译的经典作品:

1.拜伦致情人语:Everything is the same, but you are not here,

and I still am. In separation the one who goes away suffer less

than the one who stays behind.

钱译:此间百凡如故,我仍留而君已去耳。行行生离别,去

者不如留者神伤之甚。

评析:钱钟书的这一翻译肆意传神,走笔典雅,令人玩味再

三,拍案叫绝。一不留神,竟超过了原文,成了倾诉离别之

苦的绝唱;也完美地实践了他提出的翻译的“化境”Focus on

the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for

the sake of the Chinese reader (既不能因语文习惯的差异而

露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味)之说。2.Happy the people whose annals are tiresome.

钱译:国史沉闷,国民幸运。

评析:译句之美,美在工整、对仗,况且“闷”和“运”韵母相似,读起来也很上口,钱钟书先生还有一译,与此译有异曲同工之妙:Happy the people whose annals are vacant.国史无录,国民有福。

3.《管锥编》:One man was maimed in his legs, while another

has lost his eyesight. The blind man, taking the lame man on his shoulders, kept a straight course by listening to the other’s orders. It was bitter, all-daring necessity which taught them how, by dividing their imperfection between them, to make a perfect whole.

钱译:一跛一盲,此负彼相,因难见巧,何缺成全。

评析:这一段翻译以极简的语言说明一位盲人与一位跛脚不利落的跛者相互扶持、取长补短、彼此协作的情况。译文形式整齐,格律铿锵,琅琅上口,对原文意思的表达基本没有增减,与读原文获得的感受没有什么差异,可谓翻译得非常巧妙。在另一场合,钱钟书又提及蹩、盲二人的两句经典对白,十分富有机趣。该例译是钱钟书津津乐道并身体力行的翻译“化境”的一个具体体现。

4.William Shakespeare: Whom every thing becomes, to chide,

to laugh, to weep; whose every passion fully strives to make itself, in thee, fair and admired.

钱译:嗔骂,嬉笑,啼泣,各态咸宜,七情能生百媚。

评析:原句二十三个词,译成汉语才十六个字,何等简洁。

这种简洁,一定是来自对原文准确的理解与表达时的不拘一格。“各态咸宜”不禁让人想起了那句“淡妆浓抹总相宜”。“百媚”就应该是来自那句“回眸一笑百媚生”吧。

5.Riches and power are attended and followed by folly, and folly

in return by license; whereas poverty and lowliness are attended by sobriety and moderation.

钱译:富贵诗人愚昧肆意,而贫贱诗人清明在躬,嗜欲有节。

评析:原句出自一古希腊辩士之口,钱钟书先生用典雅、庄重之词来译,语体上可谓合宜。对仗结构的使用使译文读来铿锵有力。

文体特点与翻译要点

六种基本文体的特点 新闻报刊文体 特点 一、报刊英语的用词问题 1.报刊词汇中常有打量所谓“新闻词语”,它们常用于报刊中,带有新闻文体 特色具有特定含义。比如出于宣传效果,新闻文体用词极力追求新奇:夸张词、典故词、比喻词、借喻词、生僻词、俚语词、联缀词等等 2.新闻文体常常借用体育、军事、商业、科技、赌博、文学以及娱乐业等等方 面的词,其目的是力图反映现代新闻语言学与当代现实生活的融合性。 3.新闻文体中套语以及陈俗语较多。 二、报刊英语的句法特点 1.采用“扩展简单句”,层次分明,思路清晰。 2.采用主动语态,病辅以被动语态,使人产生一种直接感。 3.采用直接引语和间接引语,追求“最大限度客观性”。 4.英美消息写作遵循导语为先,依次按事实的重要性递次发展。 5.要求新闻撰稿人排除个人情感和倾向性保持客观性。 汉译要点 一、准确翻译新闻词语 二、坚持严谨的翻译态度和作风 三、翻译新闻报道时,韩语译文不宜太俗或太雅 四、一般来说,各种新闻体裁的作品以提供“事实”或“消息”为目的,避免使用激烈的 词语。 论述文体 特点 一、用词端重、典雅、规范、严谨,它倾向于用正式语体。 二、句子结构复杂巨型变化以及扩展样式较多。论述文旨在解析思想,开发 论点,辨明事理,展开论争,因此文章内容往往比较复杂。 汉译要点 一、透彻理解原文,首先是准确掌握词义。 二、论说文重逻辑论证,因此翻译这类文章首先必须反复诵读原文全文,抓住文章的中心 思想,分析文章的总体结构和谋篇布局的脉络。 三、注意汉译论述文的一般用词倾向和风格、体式。

公文文体 特点 一、明确清晰,避免晦涩。好的公文用词准确,避免用模棱两可之词。 二、严谨紧凑,避免松散。公文行文紧凑,能抓住公众或者读者注意力,避 免用过多的插入语,尽量避免使用描写性修饰语,力图保持公众或读者在思维和视觉上的连贯感。 三、程式规范化,避免标新立异。程式化标准化的公文程式使办事者一看就 知道什么事,怎么办。 现代英语公文文体呈现僵化趋势: 一、用词生涩,句式拖沓。 二、内容空洞,故弄玄虚。 三、拘泥形式,繁文缛节。 四、句子冗长,结构盘错。 汉译要点 一、首先抓住对原文的透彻理解 二、翻译公文文体的英语材料时,译者必须注意汉语语体 三、翻译公文英语时必须注意该材料所涉及的专业内容、了解专业词汇和术语的 涵义,最好具有有关专业的必要知识。 四、翻译公文必须注意形式问题,包括公文程式、格式、体例等等。 五、译文所用词应严格遵守“一贯性”的原则,在同一篇或同一类材料中不应一 词数译,莫衷一是,造成概念混淆。 描述及叙述文体 特点 一、用词最丰富。题材广泛,进行描绘,记述剖析;语域最宽,可有正式英 语非正式英语,口语,书面语,也可大量使用俚语甚至方言。 二、语言现象丰富。语法现象多,特别是假设语气,绝对式分词结构。句型 变化多。修辞手法特别是比喻、比拟、夸张、强调或倒装和对仗。 三、情态最丰富。诉诸人人感情,注重感染力。 四、风格最多样。不同时代具有不同的文风。 汉译要点 一、必须紧紧抓住深透理解原文这一基本环节 二、尽量做到赏心悦目

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