法律英语考试复习资料
Lesson one
1、a cause of action案由
2、social norms 社会标准
3、substantive law实体法
4、procedural law程序法
5、resolve disputes解决纠纷
6、provide for规定
7、be entitled to 有权······
8、law of contracts合同法
9、private law私法
10、public law公法
11、constitution law宪法
12、administration law行政法
13、criminal law刑法
14、the law of torts 侵权法
15、the civil law system大陆法体系
16、the common law普通法
17、the operation of the judicial processes司法程序的运作
18、the United States Congress美国国会
19、judge-made law判例法
20、judicial decision 司法决定
Lesson two
multi-state transactions 多重性
choice of law 法律的选择
substantive rights实体权利
conflicts of law 法律冲突
choice of forum 法院的选择
courts of limited jurisdiction 有限管辖权法院
courts of general jurisdiction 一般管辖权法院
trial courts初审法院
inferior court低级法院
superior court 高级法院
supreme court最高法院
circuit court 巡回法院
district court区法院
appellate court上诉法院
intermediate appellate court中级宪法
at the discretion of 由······自由裁量
court of limited subject matter jurisdiction 有限对事管辖权法院the amount in controversy争议数额
diversity jurisdiction多元管辖
federal question联邦问题
the United States Courts of Appeals美国上诉法院
the Court of Appeals for the district of ······特区上诉法院
the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit联邦巡回法院
the Supreme Court of the United States联邦最高法院
original jurisdiction初审管辖权
Lesson three
judicial process司法程序
serve our purpose达到我们的目的
regulatory and enabling legislation 规范性和授权性法规
the adversary system抗辩制
trial procedure 审判程序
the inquisitorial system纠问制
regulatory legislation规范性法规
direct and cross examination直接质证、间接质证
procedural safeguards程序保障
due process正当程序
on his own case 证明自己的立场
impartial investigation 不偏不倚的调查
resort to law诉诸法律
resort to force诉诸武力
turn on 取决于，依赖
Lesson four
legal relief 法律救济
arbitration仲裁
jurisdiction over the person of the defendant对被告的人身管辖权courts of original jurisdiction初审管辖权法院
minimum contacts最低限度的联系
be filed with 把······登记备案
service of process送达
give notice to通知
service by publication公告送达
a motion to dismiss驳回动议
pleading-in-answer 答辩状
sue对······提起诉讼
redress纠正，补救
summons传票
affirmative defense积极抗辩
counter-claim反诉
on one’s part(on the part of )就某人而言，在某人一方；某人有责任的under penalty of （违者）以·······惩治
in essence实质上
default judgment缺席判决
Lesson five
pre-trial discovery
question sb under oath经宣誓后质问某人
lay a basis for为····打基础
written interrogatories 质询书
the interrogatory party 质询方
discovery devices 取证方法
compulsory physical examination 强制体检
person injury case 人身伤害案
discovery procedures 取证程序
discovery requests 取证要求
the violating party 违反的一方
a pretrial conference 审前会议
summary judgment 即决判决
the opposing party 对方
at the pleading stage 起诉答辩阶段
decide the case in the mover’s favor of 作出有利于动议方的判决legitimate function 合法功能
a fact of life 无法回避的事实
interrogatory questions 质询的问题
set the case for trial 将案件提交庭审
depose 宣誓作证；选时候录取····的证词
legitimate合法的
Lesson six
the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution 宪法第七修正案impanel the jury 组成陪审团
challenge for cause 相对异议
peremptory challenges 绝地异议
opening statement 公开声明发言
directed verdict 指令性裁决
find in his favor 作出有利于他的立场判决
non-moving party 非动议方
charge the jury 给陪审团上课
final argument 最后陈述
general information 一般知识
the burden of proof 举证责任
a preponderance of the evidence 优势证据
general verdict 一般裁决
special verdict 特殊裁决
legal effect 法律后果
a nonunanimous verdict 不一致的裁决
post-trial motions 审后动议
judgment notwithstanding the verdict 推翻陪审团裁决的判决Lesson seven
render a judgment on default 作出缺席判决
a writ of execution 执行令
judgment creditor 判决债权人
judgment debtor判决债务人
garnishment 扣押
dispose of 把····处理掉
attachment 财产保全
exempt from····使····免于，使····不受
set aside 撤回，驳回
judicial proceedings 司法程序
a writ of certiorari 调取卷宗令
reverse the judgment 推翻原判
written briefs 书面摘要
affirm the judgment 维持原判
modify the judgment 改判
written opinion 书面意见书
concurring and dissenting opinion 同意意见和反对意见set forth 陈述，阐明
res judicata已决案件
Lesson eight
stand trial 出庭受审
no crime without a law 法无明文规定不为罪
due process 正当司法程序
deprive sb of 剥夺某人的····
double jeopardy 一事不再罚
a summary arrest 即行逮捕
pursuant to 遵循
indictment 控告，公诉书
grand jury 大陪审团
booking 入册
an appearance 出庭
a preliminary hearing 预审
information （公诉人的）控告，检察官的起诉书arraignment （对被告的）传讯
nolo contendere 不争辩，不提异议
plead guilty （对控告）表示服罪，承认有罪
plea bargaining 认罪辩诉协议
narcotics cases 毒品案件
on probation 在缓刑期内，在监外执行期内suspended sentence 缓刑
conviction 定罪，确认有罪
英语期末考试复习资料
英语期末考试----12月26日 （一）题型： 1.听力(10个短对话&2个短篇文章--10个问题) 2.阅读（3篇，其中一篇从第二册快速阅读的1--5单元中出） 3.单词（3，4，6单元A课文课后练习中vocabulary&word-building） 4.完型 5.翻译（3，4，6单元A课文课后练习中汉译英部分；以及3，4，6A课文中一段的段落进行英译汉） （二）单词&短语 1. I firmly believe that this agreement will be for our mutual benefit. 我坚决相信这份协议有利于我们的共同利益。 1.People have bought these houses under the illusion that their value would just keep on rise. 人们买房子是基于它们会增值这种幻象。 2.The project has been canceled by the local government for lack of public resources. 由于缺乏公共资源，当地政府取消了这个项目。 3.The clerk must have overlooked your name, because he said you were not here. 书记员一定是漏掉了你的名字，因为他说你不在这。 4.The speaker said something about the actors and then proceeded to talk
about the film. 发言人说了一些演员的事情，然后继续介绍电影。 5.Differences of opinion are often the most difficult problem to resolve. 如何处理各种不同的意见是最难解决的问题。 6.When he looked for a job, John strongly felt that there was a widespread prejudice against men over forty. 在找工作的过程中，约翰强烈的感觉到针对年过四十的男性的那种歧视。 7.Children should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what others want. 应该鼓励孩子们在他们自己和他人的所想所愿中找到折中点。 8.The discovery seems to confirm that people lived here over 100 years ago. 这个发现印证了此处一百多年前有人居住。 9.The book was first published in 1994 and was subsequently translated into fifteen languages. 这本书首次出版于1994年，而后被译成15种语言。 10.Mind your own business. My affairs have nothing to do with you. 管好你自己吧。我的事与你无关。 11.Having worked in the company for two years, Mr. Smith is now taking care for marketing and public relations. 在公司工作两年后，史密斯先生如今负责市场营销和公共关系。
大一英语期末期末考试试题内含答案[1]
大学英语预备阶段练习（一） （Unit 1~4） ⅠWord Building Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given in the brackets. 1.Thank you very much for your ____ advice. I followed it and succeeded at last. (value) 2.His business has ____ rapidly since his brother came to help. (development) 3.After a two-day discussion, we finally found a ____ to the difficult problem. (solve) 4.Prices ____ high for quite a while .People began to complain about it. (remaining) 5.I don’t think it ____ to finish all the work today. We can go on with it tomorrow.(necessity) 6.It is obviously not ____ to leave a 3-year-old boy alone at home. (properly) 7.The tourists saw a beautiful ____ when they climbed onto the top of the mountain.(scene) 8.Traveling in the desert is a challenging ____ to most people. ( inexperience) 9.____, I don’t think it possible to finish the task in two days. (person) 10.The government must make sure that the economy is developed in the right ____.(direct) ⅡVocabulary and Structure Directions: Choose the best one from the four choices to complete the sentence. 11.The temperature ____ throughout the day in that part of the country. A. very B. remains C. differs D. varies 12.The game is full of violence and will certainly have a bad ____ on young players. A. meaning B. pain C. loss D. influence 13.The warm-hearted elderly lady downstairs is always ____ to help others. A. real B. ready C. practical D. polite 14.The question is ____ difficult in the exam today. Don’t you think so? A. therefore B. since C. rather D. otherwise 15.She used to live in a lovely ____ building near the sea. A. 3-story B. 3-stories C. 3-classed D. 3-classes 16.There are different ____ of transport in big cities for you to choose when you go out. A. means B. mean C. meanings D. meaning 17.They did not take a rest until the job was ____ finished. A. straightly B. specially C. completely D. fairly 18.The bookstore owner ____ the old magazines with a new ones to attract more readers. A. required B. reviewed C. repeated D. replaced 19.Would you like to buy the book? It is ____ reading. A. worthy B. firm C. further D. worth 20.She wears sunglasses to ____ her eyes from the sunshine in summer. A. prepare B. produce C. protect D. provide 21.We all like her very much for her pleasant ____: kind, gentle and warm-hearted. A. character B. chance C. chairman D. skills 22.All the students enjoyed the wonderful ____ by the professor that afternoon. A. discussion B. lecture C. advice D. solution 23.If you have confidence in yourself first, you will not be _______ by others easily. A.won B. doubled C. defeated. D. delayed 24.The little girl developed a strong _______ on her new friends.
研究生英语期末考试试卷
ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
法律英语考试复习资料
Lesson one 1、a cause of action案由 2、social norms 社会标准 3、substantive law实体法 4、procedural law程序法 5、resolve disputes解决纠纷 6、provide for规定 7、be entitled to 有权······ 8、law of contracts合同法 9、private law私法 10、public law公法 11、constitution law宪法 12、administration law行政法 13、criminal law刑法 14、the law of torts 侵权法 15、the civil law system大陆法体系 16、the common law普通法 17、the operation of the judicial processes司法程序的运作 18、the United States Congress美国国会 19、judge-made law判例法 20、judicial decision 司法决定 Lesson two multi-state transactions 多重性 choice of law 法律的选择 substantive rights实体权利 conflicts of law 法律冲突 choice of forum 法院的选择 courts of limited jurisdiction 有限管辖权法院 courts of general jurisdiction 一般管辖权法院 trial courts初审法院 inferior court低级法院 superior court 高级法院 supreme court最高法院 circuit court 巡回法院 district court区法院 appellate court上诉法院 intermediate appellate court中级宪法 at the discretion of 由······自由裁量 court of limited subject matter jurisdiction 有限对事管辖权法院the amount in controversy争议数额 diversity jurisdiction多元管辖 federal question联邦问题
初一英语期末考试考试题以及答案
七年级下册英语期末测试卷 满分120分，考试时间100分钟 总得分听力部分笔试部分题号ⅧⅥⅤⅢⅠⅦⅠⅡⅡⅢⅣⅣ得分听力部分<20分） Ⅰ. 听对话，选择正确答案。<5分） ( >1. Q: What food are they talking about? A. B.C. ( >2. What language(语言>can Linda speak? A. Chinese. B. English. C. French.b5E2RGbCAP ( >3. What's Maria's sister's favorite festival? A. Spring Festival. B. Mid-autumn Festival. C. Christmas p1EanqFDPw ( >4. Q: What time does Helen's brother get up on Sunday morning DXDiTa9E3d A.B.C. ( >5. Where were the two speakers?
A. At the post office. B. In the shop. C. At home.RTCrpUDGiT Ⅱ.听句子,选择与其意思相同或相似的句子。(5分> A. What shape is your present? B. Which is your favorite season? C. At the age of twelve, I couldn't swim. D. What's wrong with you? E. What do you think of the weather in Beijing? 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________5PCzVD7HxA Ⅲ.听对话,根据其内容完成下面短文。(5分> One day I want to go to the East 1 , but I don't know the way. So I ask a policeman. The policeman tells me to go along the street, and take the 2 turning on the 3 and walk on. He says the park is in 4 of me and it is about 5 minutes' walk. I thank him for helping me and find the place easily.jLBHrnAILg 1.__________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________xHAQX74J0X Ⅳ.听短文,选择正确答案。<5分） ( >1.In winter it is very________. A. cool B. warm C. cold ( >2.We need _____ sweaters in winter. A. heavy B. light C. cool ( >3.Every season is nice. I like _____. A. spring B. them all C. fall LDAYtRyKfE ( >4.The weather in summer _____ much. 1 / 9 A. changes B. do not change C. does not change Zzz6ZB2Ltk ( >5.We _____ heavy sweaters in spring. A. take off B. take on C. put on dvzfvkwMI1 笔试部分<100分） Ⅰ. 单项选择。(15分> ( >1. Lucy and Lily _____ China next week. A. is visit B. are visiting C. visit D. visits rqyn14ZNXI (>2. —How do you go to work? —I usually go to work _____. A. by a car B. in a car C. on a car D. by cars EmxvxOtOco ( >3. —Must I finish my homework now? —No, you _____. A. may not B. mustn't C. can't D. needn't (>4. They each _____ a CD in their bags. A. have B. has C. is
专业英语复习资料
给出定义： 1.Higher level language A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. 2.Stateful inspection is a firewall that keeps track of the state of network connections (such as TCP streams, UDP communication) traveling across it. The firewall is programmed to distinguish legitimate packets for different types of connections. Only packets matching a known active connection will be allowed by the firewall; others will be rejected. 3. Personal productivity software 4. Metropolitan area network(MAN) A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet. 5. Network topology Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. In a word network topology is the topological structure of a network. Network topologies may be physical or logical. Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network 6. DBMS database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists 简要回答问题： 1.Give the definition and examples about computer virus. （这题书上答案不全， 需要网上搜点答案，组织成答案） DE: A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. EX: For example, the CIH virus, or Chernobyl Virus, computer worm. 2.Describe the hierarchy of data organization. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. "September 19, 2004". This can be treated as a single date field (e.g. birthdate), or 3 fields, namely, month, day of month and year.
英语期末考试复习材料-新风尚
Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words. Mass media includes print media like newspapers and magazines, electronic media like radio, television and video and new age digital media like internet, blogs and mobile phones. To know the origin and history of media, we should know the growth and (1) _development_ of mass media. History of mass media can be (2) _traced_ back to the early days of dramas that were (3) _performed_ in various cultures. However, the term Mass Media originated with the print media that was also its first example. The first newspaper was printed in China 868 A.D, but due to the high cost of paper and illiteracy（文盲）amongst people, it didn’t (4) _prosper_. Regarding the (5) _origin_ of the Mass Media, Europe can boast to be the (6) _primary_ source. It was Johannes Gutenberg, who for the first time printed a book in a printing press in 1453. Gradually, during the post-Second World War period, radio, television and video were introduced. The audio-visual (7) _facilities_became very popular as they provided information and entertainment. Of late, it is the Internet which has become the (8) _latest_ and most popular of the mass media. Here, information is (9) _provided_ through various websites and search engines. One can play games, listen to radio while working and chat with friends and relatives, irrespective (不顾的) of location. It also gives information on (10) _various_ topics such as literature, politics, science, sports, fashion, movies, education, career, jobs etc. similar to other types of mass media. Thus, due to the progress of science and technology, history of media has evolved and reached the present-day world. Part IISentence Translation (From Chinese to English) 1.我们的信念与行动得到大众及社会的普遍肯定。（at large） Our beliefs and actions have been approved by the general public and the society at large. 2.我们的努力已经使落后地区发生了巨大变化。(bring about) Our efforts have brought about a great change for the better in backward areas. 3.我喜欢这栋房子的总构型，可是烟囱太大，不成比例。(out of proportion) I like the general style of this building, but the chimneys are out of proportion—they’re too big. 4.就自然资源而言，该国是南美洲最贫穷的国家之一。(in terms of) In terms of natural resources, it is one of the poorest countries in South America. 5.爬山之前最好有万全的准备，以防发生灾难。(in case of) It is best to be properly prepared before climbing in case of any disaster. 6.请你照老师的样子，读出那个单词的读音来。(the way) Please pronounce the word the way our teacher does.