精选高一语法专题三 名词性从句
高三语法专题名词性从句
主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
一：名词性从句的引导词
1;连接词:that, if, whether.只起引导作用，在句中不充当任何成分．其中that不翻译出来，没有任何含义；而if和whether翻译成”是否”。Eg: That this has happened is not uncertain.
We cannot be sure whether /if our dreams will come true.
2:连接代词：who, , whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever.在句中要充当主语，宾语，表语．I wonder what you are thinking about.
Can you imagine what will happen next?
My hometown is not what it used to be.
３；连接副词：where, when, how, why, how soon, how often, how long, how much.在句中充当相应的状语．When he will hold the meeting has been decided.
This is how Henry solved the problem.
二：名词性从句的分类与引导词
一）：主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why等。
Whether we will succeed is still a question.
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
注：1. 主语从句的主谓一致
1).主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.
That they will come is certain
2).由who, whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定. Whoever say that are to be punished.
Who he is doesn’t concern me.
3).What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants are these books.
What he wants is some water
2. 有时为了平衡句式，常用it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面．
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.
It is believed that he is a talent
二）.宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why等。宾语从句一般放在动词，形容词或介词后。
She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.
He asked me how I was getting along with my new classmates.
I’m afraid that I have made a mistake.
I was interested in what he was doing.
注：1. 有时要用it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
You may depend on it that they are valuable.
2. 如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在居首。What do you think is going on outside?
When do you believe he will held the meeting
3. I/We (don’t) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he?
4. that引导，通常that可以省略（但that引导其他名词性从句时不可省略）
She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.
三）.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，引导表语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, because等。表语从句一般放在系动词后。
The reason is that I’v e been too busy these days.
That is where he spent his childhood.
The coat is where you left it.
三）.同位语从句的概念
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why等.常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information suggestion, possibility
等名词后面，用以说明该名词的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.
We haven’t settled the question where we will spend our holidays.
The question who should do the work requires consideration .
2.有时用namely（即），that is to say（也就是说），that is （那就是）等引出同位语或同位语从句。There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.
He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
三：名词性从句的难点和考点
1.语序问题。名词性从句要用陈述语序
The photographs will show you what our village looks like
You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news
2：引导词that和what的区别
What在从句中要充当主语，宾语或表语，这时what相当于all that/everything that等常译作“所…..的（东西，事情，话等）”。而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，that引导主语从句放在居首时不能省略。
What I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind.
That the earth is round is known to us all.
2.引导词if 和whether的区别
if 和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时可以通用，但介词后的宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句不能用if引导。
I don’t care if/whether he will come to my party.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
Whether she will go home or not is unknown.
The question is whether we can collect enough money.
3.引导词Who 和whoever的区别
引导名词性从句时，whoever相当于anyone who或those who它既是从句的主语又是主句的主语。而who 只做从句的主语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语。
Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
Who will be elected the president doesn’t make much difference to me.
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个完整的句子，所以其前面的名词在同位语从句中不
作任何成分；而定语从句对它前面的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常做主语，宾语或表语等成分。
The news that Mr. Brown will be our new English teacher is true.
The news that he told me yesterday is true.
I’ve no idea that Kate has been to shanghai
The book (that) I bought yesterday was written by LuXun.
5.Whoever 与no matter who ，whatever 与no matter what的区别。Whoever
whatever即可引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句；而No matter what和No matter who只引导让步状语从句。
Whatever(=No matter what) you may think, I’m going ahead with my plans.
Whoever(=No matter who) you are, you can’t pass the way.
Take whatever you need and leave me alone.
Whoever did this job must be rewarded.
6.名词性从句中的语气。
1)表示“建议，命令，请求，要求”意义的动词后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形表虚拟，且should 可以省略。Advise/recommend/order/propose/suggest / insist / demand / require / request (that) sb. (should) do…
Bob’s doctor suggests that he (should) rest for a few days.
I suggested that he see a doctor.
He insisted t hat we arrive there before 7 o’clock.
2) 在It is important / necessary/natural/strange/essential…+ that sb. (should) do…
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.
7.名词性从句的时态
名词性从句一般要遵循时态一致原则,但虚拟语气例外；即主句用现在时，从句用现在的某种时态；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。
He said that he didn’t want to know. I wonder what has happened to her.
名词性从句中考查虚拟语气
1. 考查主语从句中虚拟语气的谓语动词形式
这类形式的虚拟语气通常表示建议、命令、要求、希望、惊讶等语气。
(1) “It is necessary (important/natural/strange/surprising) that ...”句型中,从句的谓语动词通常使用
(should) + 动词原形,例如:
It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 他有必要被立刻送往医院。
It is strange that she (should) marry such a poor man. 她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋,真是太奇怪了。
(2) It is suggested (desired/decided/ordered/requested / proposed) that ...,例如:
It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off till next Saturday. 会议决定推迟到下周六举行。
2. 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在某些表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词后的宾语从句中,使用(should) + 动词原形。常见的
这类动词有:一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order、command);三项要求(demand、require、request);四条建议(advise、suggest、propose、recommend)等。
(2) 动词wish后的宾语从句中,谓语动词有三种形式:对现在的虚拟,用过去时;对过去的虚拟,用过
去完成时;对将来的虚拟,用would / should +动词原形。
3. 考查表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示“建议、计划、命令”的名词(如advice、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、
request等)后的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓语动词常用(should) + 动词原形。例如: We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 他建议我们到北京旅游观光,我们都同意了。
My advice is that he (should) exercise first. 我的建议是他应该先做练习。
热点3 在其他固定句式中考查虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气用于“It is (high) time (that) ...”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be用were)或should + 动词原形,should不能省略,意为“(现在)该到了……的时候了”。例如: It's high time that he went / should go to bed. 到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。
2. 虚拟语气用于would rather后的从句中,表达一种愿望或建议时,用过去式表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。例如:
I would rather you went next Sunday. 我情愿你下周日走。
I would rather you hadn't done that. 我真希望你没做那件事。
3. 虚拟语气用于as if / as though、even if / even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,对现在的虚拟,用过去时;对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时。例如:
The two new-comers talked as if they had known each other for ages. 那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。
4. 虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中,其谓语动词的形式与wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式一样。
热点4 在语境中考查“情态动词+完成时”表达的虚拟语气
情态动词should / ought to / would / needn't + have done表示虚拟意义,含有“责备、遗憾、后悔”的意味。
名词性从句练习
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
4. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
5. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
6. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
7 He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
8. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
9. I wonder why she refused my invitation.