师生共享,“下水”作文

师生共享,“下水”作文

师生共享,“下水”作文

发表时间:2017-12-25T10:46:51.607Z 来源:《成长读本》2017年10月总第23期作者:费婷婷[导读] 语文老师没有直接的写作体验,缺少必要的写作实践,是目前作文教学效率低下的原因之一。苏州工业园区青剑湖学校费婷婷论文摘要:江苏省著名语文特级教师王栋生老师曾提出:“教师应当是优秀的表达者。”提倡“本色教学”的黄厚江老师也说:“叶圣陶:实践胜口讲,作则先以身,身教最可贵,知行不可分。一个自己不能读写的老师,他必然体会不到读写的规律,说不出搞好读写的中肯意见。”“写文章是语文老师必须具备的基本素养。不敢想象自己不会写文章、不肯写文章的语文教师可以教好学生的作文。语文老师没有直接的写作体

验,缺少必要的写作实践,是目前作文教学效率低下的原因之一。”很多写作教学的专家都提倡教师能够经常写一点文章,尤其是站在学生的立场去写作,去体验,去思考。

关键词:作文、下水作文教师“下水”作文,作为提高作文教学效果的一种手段,已越来越为广大中学语文教师所重视。师生一道体味作文的甘苦,体会写作得失,其作用不言而喻。教师如果有和学生一起写作的经历,在指导学生作文时就能一语中的,更得法,在批改时更能切中要害,从而增加学生对老师的信任度,指导也易于被学生接受。教师“下水”的目的,是让学生顺利“上岸”,如果仅仅写篇范文,偶然打湿身子,则未必能很好地把握学生,收到好的效果。经过近十年的坚持,以及不断的探索、总结,我不揣浅陋,谈谈我的“新招”。

一、以诗代批――交流思想感情

高中语文第一册第一单元诗歌单元练习,要求学生写一首诗。我利用课余时间上了一节诗歌赏析课,然后要求学生写一首表达自己真情实感的诗。对于学生的诗,我没有改一个字,而是在每首诗的后面写首诗代替批语。我的诗或顺其意而和,或逆其意而作,或借题发挥,或鼓励赞扬,或委婉讽喻。在发作文时,我也没有一句评语,只一首一首地朗读师生的诗。每读一次,都激起一阵掌声。在几十次掌声之中结束一课,这在我近十年的教书生涯中还不曾有过。

有位女生既想表明自己实现理想的决心,又怕别人说自己不行,她写道:“请你不要告诉我/那绿色是幻影、是梦/”“我醉心地憧憬/执着地追求/通过天堂的路只有一根独木/我也去闯。”我鼓励她:“我要告诉你/那绿色不是幻影/而是敢于破土而出的种子/是蓬勃向上的生命/是阳光雨露的宠儿/是农民汗水的结晶。”“那绿色不是梦/而是现实的歌/但要唱好却不容易/需要十倍的勇气/百倍的毅力。”

诗,搭起师生心灵间的桥梁,这是一般写作课难以达到的。

二、教师先作――教师引进门,作文靠个人

在教完高中一个杂文单元之后,我要求学生写一篇杂文。虽然学生对杂文有所了解,但无从下手。于是我决定躬亲示范,引学生“进门”。我们是农村中学,学生的不良习惯颇多,如随地吐痰、随手扔垃圾、张嘴骂爹、闭口骂娘、满口脏话、动作粗野等。我针对这些不良现象,写了杂文《找回文明》,主要是要求学生改掉恶习,树文明形象。此文谈的是学生的切身问题,所以学生震动很大。在此基础上我仔细谈了我的写作动机、构思过程,学生恍然大悟。我又引导学生讨论周围的社会现象、热门话题、错误思潮等,他们都跃跃欲试。然后,我让学生每人选择一个不吐不快的话题,写篇杂文,同学们或幽默,或讽刺,或借题发挥,教学效果可想而知。

三、师生同作――互相学习,取长补短

在教完几篇小说之后,我让学生续写小说,如《阿Q新传》、《项链续》,我也一同参与写作,看谁写得好。前者要求写一个时代的阿Q,既要写出阿Q的性格特征,又要反映出时代特点。后者要求续篇既符合情理又出人意料。我的参与大大激发了学生的兴趣,激起了他们的竞争心和好胜心,欲与我一较高下。结果,我的作文只在反映时代特点和合乎情理方面略占优势,让人不得不惊叹学生们丰富的想象力和创造力。有的学生写出世纪之交的阿Q的奇遇,妙趣横生;有的写当代的阿Q的悲喜剧,反映了丰富多彩的现实生活;有的在《项链续》里,竟然写出了七八个出人意料的情节;有的在语言的运用、情节的构思上比我的作文更优秀。与老师一同作文,互相学习,取长补短,学生既激发了写作的兴趣,又树立了创作的信心。

四、教师后作――反复比较悟真谛

我校地处朱德总司令故居不远处,朱总司令曾经到我校居住并为我校题词纪念。这几年学校的校容校貌发生了很大的变化,我曾要求学生写篇抒情散文《漫步在校园里》。大多数学生按照要求写出了学校的变化,但没有一个学生点明学校为什么会发生如此变化,这说明学生的认识还停留在事物的表面。于是,我写了同题的作文,通过学校今昔的对比,歌颂了党和国家领导对朱总故乡教育事业的重视。我将下水作文印发给学生,让他们对比自己的作文,进行讨论。学生认为我的文章思想深刻,构思巧妙,结构完整,语言流畅。经过反复推敲,我问大家能否作为范文,大家认真思索。我引导学生,用朱自清、茅盾等文学大家的散文和我的文章进行比较,经过反复引导,最后大家终于总结出我的下水作文的不足之处:语言较平庸,写法单调和俗套,没有独特的发现,情景交融的佳句太少而议论过多等,大家认为不能作为范文。我指出这是我观察不细致,感受不深刻,写作功力不够所致,鼓励学生多去观察、去发现、去感受,写出超过老师的文章。利用不成熟的文章,从反面晓喻为文之道,从而“疑义相与析”,发挥“为世”而作的作用。将“下水”文章交给学生评改鉴别比较,还能鼓励学生敢于“班门弄斧”,善于“吹毛求疵”,提高鉴别能力,促进学生作文能力的提高。

教师通过身体力行,亲自“下水”作文只是手段,不是目的,目的是使学生养成良好的习惯,养成对作文浓厚的兴趣,激发学生创作的灵感和积极性。在此,笔者再次强调教师应尝试着写“下水”作文,是和学生一起在课堂上当场习作。教师身体力行“下水”作文,实则是用“实干”精神感召学生,以“直观可感”方式启发学生,最终达到抛砖引玉的效果,使学生爱写作文,好写作文,写好作文,作文认为不是应付差事,而是从创作中体会收获的满足感,进而更加积极的创作,使学生对文学创作产生浓厚的兴趣,将来能使我们的社会多出几个作家和文学家。

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