英语过去时的各种用法

英语过去时的各种用法
英语过去时的各种用法

过去时的各种用法

[提问]A nationwide survey of 1,000 adults conducted by Men’s Health magazine and CNN found that one-third of men would not go to the doctor even if they were experiencing chest pains or shortness of breath, two top indicators of a heart attack.(Experiencing English Extended Book 4 Page 6)在上面这个句子中,even if引导让步状语从句,从句中的were experiencing表达什么含义?

答:提问中的句子主句为过去时态,从句中应当根据过去时态的用法来给出相应的语法结构。过去时态用来描述过去的情况,通常包括一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时等。

一、一般过去时

一般过去时用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,last night,in 1996,two days ago 等连用;也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,因此也可与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。若在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性发生的动作,可以用used to和would + v等。

例如:I saw this film a long time ago. 很久以前我看了这部电影。

When he was a child, he always asked his parents a lot of questions. 当他还是个孩子的时候,经常问父母许多问题。

John used to stay up late. 约翰以前睡得很晚。(现在不再如此)

When I was at school, I would rise early and take a walk before breakfast. 我上学的时候起的很早,早餐前还要散散步。

二、过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,既可和表示过去某一具体时刻的时间状语如this time yesterday,at that time,at eight yesterday morning 等连用,又可以和表示过去一段的时间状语如yesterday evening,last winter等连用。过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事情发生的背景,或者表示一个短动作发生的时候,另一个长动作发生。

例如:What were you doing at 9 o'clock last night? 昨晚九点你在做什么?

They were building a hospital last winter. 去年冬天他们在盖一座医院。

When the students got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 学生们到达山顶时,阳光正灿烂。

三、过去完成时

过去完成时强调在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;又可以表示在过去某一时间之前开始的动作,一直延续到过去某一时间,并有可能继续下去,这时常和for或since引导的短语或从句连用。

例如:We had learned eight hundred words by the end of last month. 到上个月末,我们已经学了八百个单词了。

The film had been on for more than half an hour when they got to the cinema. 他们到影院的时候电影已经开场半个多小时了。

【注意】(1)在no sooner…than…或hardly/scarcely…when…结构中,主句的谓语动词多用过去完成时。否定词在句首时,主谓要倒装。

例如:He had no sooner sold the house than he bought a new car. 他刚卖了房子就买了一辆新车。

Hardly had they begun when they were told to stop. 他们刚开始就被叫停了。

(2)在主从复句中,如果主句的谓语动词用过去时,其后的宾语从句中谓语的动作是先发生的,常用过去完成时。

例如:We realized that we had lost our way in the heavy fog. 我们意识到在大雾中我们迷路了。

(3)在It was the first time that…结构中,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

例如:It was the first time that I had felt so sorry. 这是我第一次感到如此难过。

(4)和before连用,表示“还没……就……”。

例如:He set out before we had said goodbye to him. 还没等我们说再见,他就出发离开了。

(5)wish, expect, mean, intend, suppose, think, want等词的过去完成时表示“过去没有实现的愿望、打算、计划”,表达失望之意。

例如:The father had planned to have holidays with his families, but he could not keep it again. 父亲原打算和家人一起度假,但是他又做不到了。

提问中的句子,主语为a nationwide survey,谓语动词为found,that引导宾语从句,告知调查发现的具体情况。even if引导让步状语从句,在从句中使用了动词的过去进行时,表示短动作发生于一个长动作发生的过程中。也就是were experiencing的过程中,发生would not go to这个短动作。全句意为:一项由男性健康杂志和美国悠闲新闻网对全国1000个成年人的调查发现三分之一的男人不愿意去看医生,即使他们正经历着胸痛或呼吸短促,这是心脏病的两大主要征兆。

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He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。 Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。 Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗? What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么? 三、一般将来时的用法 will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。 1. will主要用于在以下三个方面: (1)表示主观意愿的将来。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去厂参观工厂。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 (2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。

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