高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．任务型阅读

Why doesn't the conductor face the audience?________As the only person with his back to the audience, the conductor is a figure who is bathed in the spotlight, but his complex work requires a high degree of musical skill, as well as an ability to extract what he desires out of the group of artists he leads--his orchestra.

________A person may become a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor's training program. However, becoming the conductor of a famous orchestra requires a great deal more than what is needed merely to join an orchestra.

________These naturally examine a conductor's technique and musical interpretation while he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music, but they also involve a sight-reading element________The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece before coming out and leading the orchestra through the piece by memory. Not only does the conductor have to make his arm and hand motion properly, and signal all the entrances of each instrument, he has to point out intentional mistakes made by the orchestra members on the spot.

The least capabilities a conductor must have are: The ability to memorize an entire score. A good ear for distinguishing correct notes among the music of the entire orchestra.________

Of the conductors that meet these requirements, those with better musical insight and a higher level of charisma(魅力) will succeed.

A. The need for a common musical standard becomes necessary

B. The ability to lead a group of professional musicians

C. There are many conducting competitions

D. For this, the score of music is given to the conductor on site

E. This is how the role of the conductor came to be established

F. The role of the conductor is in fact not well understood

G. There are no examinations for becoming a conductor

【答案】F；G；C；D；B

【解析】【分析】为什么指挥不面向观众？本文就这一话题展开介绍了乐队的指挥总是背对着观众的原因，以及成为一名乐队指挥需要哪些方面的能力等。

(1)根据前面的“Why doesn't the conductor face the audience”可知，人们对乐队指挥这一工作不甚了解，再根据本空后的内容推断应选F项。故答案为F。

(2)根据本空后面的“A person may become a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor's training program”可知，乐队的指挥不需要毕业于专业的音乐学校或经过相关的训练，与G项的“不用考试”一致。故答案为G。

(3)根据空格后面的“These naturally examine a conductor's technique and musical interpretation while he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music”，这里的These指的是C项中的competitions。故答案为C。

(4)根据后面的“The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece”，即把音乐的总谱现场给乐队指挥，然后指挥需要现场记忆。故答案为D。

(5)与前面的“The ability to memorize an entire score”中的ability是并列的。故答案为B。【点评】此类文体的文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现，文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或子范畴词语，使用同义词表达，用总称指代指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体。使用代词避免重复等。

2．阅读下文并回答问题。

Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude (态度). A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chance to make themselves successful. When you are not confident you can't do well what you want to do. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions:

Speak loud You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.

Play sports Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you be full of confidence.

Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things you have done well. Did you finish your homework? Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh? Give yourself praise for the good things you've done.

Get rid of (消除) fear Fear comes along with failure (失败). But it's easy to overcome (克服) if you know that failure is part of your life. Don't hide your head just because you said something stupid last time. Try to start again and believe you can do better.

Pick up a hobby If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.

（1）Is confidence important in daily life?

（2）When you fail, what can you do to get rid of fear?

（3）Which of these suggestions would you like to choose to be more confident? Why?

【答案】（1）Yes.

（2）I can try to start again and believe I can do better.

（3）选择一个建议回答即可。说明原由时要有依据。

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个如何让自己更自信的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life.”可知自信在日常生活中很重要，所以本题的答案为Yes。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Try to start again and believe you can do better.”可知对于消除恐惧，作者给的方法是尝试重新开始并相信自己可以做得更好。所以本题答案为I can try to start again and believe I can do better.

（3）考查推理判断。本题是开放性问题，选择一个建议回答即可。说明原由时要有依据。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而做出正确答案。

3．（2019?江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Cost of Thinking

Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.

The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.

The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.

Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.

Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.

We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.

physical；beat；fearful/afraid

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。

（1）信息归纳题。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.”可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。故填characteristics。

（2）信息归纳题。此题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。

（3）信息来源题。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”以及“It (the brain) consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。当身体处于休息时，大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。

（4）信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。

（5）信息转换题。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防

御......”，故填guard。

（6）信息来源题。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。

（7）信息归纳题。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，骨骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。

（8）信息转换题。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。

（9）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故填beat。

（10）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息转换题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

4．任务型阅读

The environmental group Heal the Bay organized a beach clean-up. And I was one of the volunteers. We went to Venice Beach to clean up the trash.

At first glance, the beach didn't look dirty at all. But then I saw a Styrofoam(泡沫)cup half buried in the sand on the beach. I pulled hard and finally got it out. As we moved farther, we found pieces of Styrofoam spread all over the sand. The Heal the Bay representative had told us that these little pieces of Styrofoam and other small pieces of plastic are what actually harm sea life most. Sea animals eat the plastic. After eating it, they think they are full. As a result, they can die of starvation as they are cheated by their feeling and don't think they need to eat any food. We kept on picking up the trash. Then I saw someone with a full Heal the Bay trash bag and I

went to see what was inside. When I opened the trash bag, I found everything from a pair of old jeans and a brown belt to headphones and some plastic bags. It made me very angry with the people who left their things behind without thinking what effects they might have on the ocean. It is really important to protect the ocean. The ocean covers 70 percent of the Earth's surface. A clean ocean not only helps animals in the ocean survive but also helps us survive.

By noon, the sun was shining and the temperature was rising. The volunteers that had spread out across Venice Beach were coming back to throw the trash they had collected into the truck. I could not believe how much trash there was. All together we collected more than 135 bags of trash. I do hope that next time people go to the beach, they will stop littering.

（1）Why did the environmental group go to Venice Beach? (No more than 6 words)

（2）What does the underlined word "starvation" in Paragraph 2 mean in English?(1 word) （3）How did the author feel seeing the trash in that volunteer's trash bag according to Paragraph 3?(No more than 8 words)

（4）How much trash did the volunteer collect all together that day? (No more than 8 words) （5）What do you think of throwing plastic trash on the beach? And why? (No more than 25 words)

【答案】（1）To clean up the trash.

（2）Hunger

（3）He/She felt very angry.

（4）They collected more than 135bags of trash.

（5）It is a very bad habit, because trash thrown on the beach may end up in the sea, resulting in the death of many sea creatures.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。环保组织Heal the Bay组织了一次海滩清洁活动,作者是志愿者之一。他们去了威尼斯海滩清理垃圾。在清理垃圾的过程中作者感触良多。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We went to Venice Beach to clean up the trash. ”可知环我们去了威尼斯海滩清理垃圾。所以答案为To clean up the trash。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Sea animals eat the plastic. After eating it, they think they are full. As a result, they can die of starvation as they are cheated by their feeling and don't think they need to eat any food. ”可知海洋动物吃了塑料。吃完之后,他们认为他们已经吃饱了。结果,因为他们会被不必吃任何食物的感觉所欺骗并觉得自己不需要吃任何东西而死于"starvation"。根据上下文,可知这里的starvation意思是"饥饿",故答案为Hunger。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It made me very a ngry with the people who left their things behind without thinking what effects they might have on the ocean. ”可知作者在看清楚袋子里的内容之后,对于那些没想过他们可能会对海洋有什么影响就丢垃圾的人感到很生气。所以答案为He/ She felt very angry.

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“All together we collected more than 135 bags o f trash. ”可知他们一共收集了超过135袋垃圾,故答案为They collected more than 135bags of trash.

（5）考查推理判断。本文要求考生根据文章内容自由发挥,参考答案为. It is a very bad habit,because trash thrown on the beach may end up in the sea,resulting in the death of many

sea creatures.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而做出正确答案。

5．Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. ________

In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What's more, the firms that “slowed d own to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.

________ They thought differently about what "slower" and "faster" mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.

In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. ________ And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.

Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ________ That kind of strategy must come from the top.

A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better?

B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.

C. More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong.

D. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.

E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration.

F. They encouraged new ways of thinking.

【答案】 D；A；F；B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，围绕速度展开，否定了一味强调速度的盲目性，区分了operational speed”操作速度“与strategic speed”战略速度“，强调了适当时间采取战略速度的重要性。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”The difference is important regardless

of industry and company size.“可知，无论行业和公司规模如何，那些担心失去竞争优势的公司会花费大量的时间和金钱来寻找加快速度的方法。https://www.360docs.net/doc/b14991597.html,panies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.符合此处语境。故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”What's more, the firms that‘slowed down to speed up ’improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.“可知，那些“放慢速度以加快速度”的公司改善了他们的最高和最低收入，在三年内平均销售额提高了40%，营业收入提高了52%。

A.How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better?”他们是如何违反商业物理定律的，他们比竞争对手花费了更多的时间，却表现得更好的呢？“符合语境。故选A。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”They became more open to ideas and discussion.及下文And they allowed time to look back and learn.“可知，他们对思想和讨论变得更加开放，允许时间回顾和学习。F.They encouraged new ways of thinking”他们鼓励新的思维方式“符合语境。故选F。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.“；以及及空后”That kind of strategy must come from the top.“可知，战略速度是一种领导力，而这种战略必须来自最高层。B.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.”那些经常花时间把事情做好，而不是埋头苦干的人，更能成功地实现他们的商业目标“符合语境。故选B。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

6．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies

Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.

But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.

In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt

more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.

Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.

But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.

But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.

The changes facing fast-food companies

⑴________ ⑵________ ⑶________ ⑷________ ⑸________ ⑹________ ⑺________ ⑻____ ____ ⑼________ ⑽________

【答案】survivors/competitors/businesses/companies；appeals；instead；decreased/reduced/less；Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways；high/higher；added；profitable；healthy/healthier；creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。（1）考查名词。根据第一段中的“As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为了更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。

（2）考查动词。根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，故填appeals。

（3）考查固定搭配。根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some people trade d own to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.”可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，insead of表示“代替、而不是”，故填instead。（4）考查形容词。根据第二段中的“Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the

Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising. ”可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支，修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。

（5）考查名词。第三、四段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。

（6）考查形容词。根据第三段中的“Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.”可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5,美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价，与1美元的特价相比，他们的商品的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。

（7）考查名词。倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。

（8）考查形容词。根据倒数第三段中的“McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.”可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。

（9）考查形容词。根据倒数第二段中的“So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity”可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。（10）考查形容词。根据最后一段中的“suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝试新的东西，更有创造性、更灵活，此处缺少形容词作表语，故填creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤：（一）先“少”后“多”；（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词；（三）信息匹配题１.寻找同义、相同的词或词组；２.寻找近义词或词组；３.留意数字（包括时间）；（四）读懂省略文字；（五）学会“认”生词；（六）巧用标注记号。

7．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

At the age of forty-five, my usually well-ordered life became full of changes. After twenty-two years of working in a bank, a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, I was one of them.

My once secure future became uncertain. However, I was not a single parent, so the family did not depend only on my income and my husband can support the family. My motto has always been, "Change is good; change is progress", but when it affected my livelihood, I had to change it. "Accept change and make the most of it." From the beginning, I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different.

Having a positive attitude made all the difference in the way I pursued the future. First, I decided to return to college and graduate many years later than I should have. Doing this at my

age took more than a little courage. Not being a graduate had never held me back in my career in the bank, but now it's a personal goal I longed to achieve. With a lot of determination, I went to evening classes and became an adult student. In the class, I became more and more confident. During this time, I realized that no matter what life throws in our way, nothing can hinder our personal growth.

The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life. It used to be filled with endless, and sometimes meaningless events. But now, my heart and life are completely around people I care for.

The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life. Revisiting the past made room for the future. I realize that I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it.

（1）What made the author lose her job? (no more than 10 words)

（2）What did the author do after the unemployment? (no more than 15 words)

（3）How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 3 words) （4）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities? (no more than 5 words) （5）What's your attitude towards the "changes" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）The bank's plan to use less staff. Or: Less staff in the bank.

（2）Return to college and reevaluate her past life.Or: Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid

（4）She is optimistic and determined. Or: She is active and adaptable.

（5）I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life. Or: I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，生活中充满了变数,作者用自己的经历告诉我们要接受并善于利用这些改变。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, was one of them."可知,银行的裁员计划让作者失业了,故填The bank's plan to use less staff. /Less staff in the bank.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"First, I decided to return to college"及第四段中的"The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life."可知,失业后,作者回到大学并重新评估自己过去的生活,故填Return to college and reevaluate her past life。/Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）考查句义猜测。根据画线词后的"our personal growth"可知,无论生活给我们带来了什么（变化）,没有什么能阻碍我们的个人成长,由此可知画线词词义为"阻碍",故填stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid。

（4）考查概括归纳。根据第二段中的"I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different."可知,作者把失业看作一个好机会而不是坏运气,拒绝难过,积极地去做一些新的、不同的事情,下文又说作者回到大学并重新评估过去的生活,由此可见,作者积极、乐观、有决心并且适应能力强,故填She is optimistic and determined./She is active and adaptable.

（5）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life."及"I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it."可知,我会接受生活中的变化并积极地生活,故填I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life./I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，概括归纳和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。

8．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

"My work is done." Those words were some of the last penned by George Eastman. He included them in his suicide note. They mark an ignoble end to a noble life, the leave taking of a truly great man. The same words could now be said for the company he left behind. Actually, the Eastman Kodak Company is through. It has been mismanaged financially, technologically and competitively. ________ One of America's bedrock brands is about to disappear, the Kodak moment has passed. But George Eastman is not how he died, and the Eastman Kodak Company is not how it is being killed. Though the ends are needless and premature, they must not be allowed to overshadow the greatness that came before. Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. ________

Kodak served mankind through entertainment, science, national defense and the stockpiling of family memories. Kodak took us to the top of Mount Suribachi and to the Sea of Tranquility. It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks. ________ When that sailor kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kodak was the eyes of a nation. From the deck of the Missouri to the grandeur of Monument Valley, Kodak took us there. Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to generation from the Eastman Kodak Company.________ Yes, there were photographers, and for relatively large sums of money they would take unnatural pictures in studios and formal settings. But most people couldn't afford photographs, and so all they had to remember distant loved ones, or earlier times of their lives, was memory. Children could not know what their parents had looked like as young people, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren looked like. Eastman Kodak allowed memory to move from the uncertainty of recollection, to the permanence of a photograph. But it wasn't just people whose features were savable; it was events, the precious times that families cherish. The Kodak moment, was humanity's moment.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于在财务、技术和竞争方面管理不善。作为美国最重要的品牌之一，柯达即将消失，柯达时代已经过去。文章同时重点描述了柯达给人们的生活所带来的重大影响和意义，作者认为几乎每一张20世纪的重要照片都是伊士曼柯达公司送给下一代的礼物。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“One of America's bedrock brands is abo ut to disappear, the Kodak moment has passed. ”美国最重要的品牌之一即将消失，柯达时代已经过去。可知在财务、技术和竞争方面管理不善，20年来，柯达的领导人愚蠢地挥霍了一个世纪繁荣的遗产。最终导致品牌的倒闭。故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. ”很少有公司为这么多人做了这么多好事，或如此深刻地定义和提升了一个国家乃至整个世界的精神。此处公司的指的是柯达公司，下文进一步强调柯达的作用：不认识Eastman Kodak 公司的作用，就不可能理解20世纪。故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin t o John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks.” 它向我们介绍了快乐的奥兹故土，从查理·卓别林到约翰·韦恩，从伊丽莎白·泰勒到汤姆·汉克斯。可知在列举柯达记录下的世界上重要的人物和事件，如：它向我们展示了杀死肯尼迪总统的那一枪，以及他的弟弟在厨房地板上流血不止。故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to ge neration from the Eastman Kodak Company.” 几乎每一张20世纪的重要照片都是伊士曼柯达公司送给下一代的礼物。可知下文应继续强调柯达给人们生活产生的影响：在一个数码摄影简单的时代，当我们可以在任何时候拍任何东西的照片，我们无法想象在乔治·伊士曼把摄影带给人们之前的生活是什么样的。故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we spend far too much sitting down. If in addition we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become loose and fatty and our systems slow moving. ________I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils. The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that

every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the local park, they are outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them.

For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports—________—there are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens though is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, except for the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair.

Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, ________, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation. ________Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activity—________—which were the natural way of life of our forefathers.

A. be active and practise Yoga

B. There are some aspects of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid.

C. and it is especially difficult to do so if you are not good at them

D. physical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the other

E. they spent most of the time out of doors

F. you are still only half way to good health

G. It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on.【答案】B；C；F；G；D

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要讲述作者针对如何保持身体健康这一问题给出了一些建议。

（1）考查上下文的语境理解。由I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils.可知这里意思是我们不健康的生活中，有些方面是无法避免的，故答案选B。

（2）考查上下文的语境理解。由For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports —以及— there are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming.可知如果你不擅长它们，做这些运动将特别困难，故答案选C。

（3）考查上下文的语境理解。由because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation.可知这里意思是你仍然在身体健康的半路上，故答案选F。

（4）考查上下文的语境理解。Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. 这里提到了怎么做瑜伽，故答案选G。

（5）考查上下文的语境理解。由It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activity —以及— which were the natural way of life of our forefathers. 可知这里意思是一方面体力耗费，另一方面放松，故答案选D。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。2）研究空格

前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

10．任务型阅读

Information Overload

In modern society，if we're trying to make a decision，we often have so much information that we get confused，and we don't know what to do．This state is known as information overload．________ It can cause stress，frustration and reduced productivity．But what can we do in the face of information overload？

?Plan for only one time each day to check e-mail，social messaging sites，Wechat，etc．Don't allow yourself to check multiple times，unless you truly are waiting for an important e-mail．________And that eats up your valuable time before getting away．

If you are suffering from too many electronic interruptions during the weekday，ask people to call or text you during work hours only if it's really an emergency．________

Remind yourself that it's okay to not know everything．In fact，it's impossible to keep up with the pace of the information superhighway．The sooner you accept that，the happier you'll be．________ It is good to fall behind on the information that really isn't worth your attention． ________Set aside a regular time each week where you and other family members do not use any kind of electronic media technologies，including television．It could be something you do every weekend，or perhaps an hour or two every evening．

A．Just catch up with the happiest moment．

B．Know what's worth knowing and what isn't．

C．Each time you go online，you run the risk of being addicted to it．

D．Spend time with your family free from electronic products．

E．We need to find some effective ways to process the information．

F． Almost everyone suffers from it to some degree．

G．Otherwise they and you end up stealing time from your employer．

【答案】F；C；G；B；D

【解析】【分析】我们经常有这么多的信息以至于我们会感到迷惑从而不知道如何选择，本文作者就针对如何面对信息过剩这一问题，给出了自己的建议。

（1）语义理解。由This state is known as information overload．和It can cause stress，frustration and reduced productivity．But what can we do in the face of information overload？可知这里意思是几乎每个人在某种程度上都在遭受这种痛苦，故答案为F。

（2）语义理解。由And that eats up your valuable time before getting away．这会在你离开之前浪费你宝贵的时间。可知这里意思是每次你上网都会冒着沉迷于网络的风险，故答案为C。

（3）语义理解。由If you are suffering from too many electronic interruptions during the weekday，ask people to call or text you during work hours only if it's really an emergency．如果工作日你有太多的电子干扰救就让人们只有在紧急情况下才能在工作时间打电话或发短信

给你。可知这里意思是否则，他们和你最终会从雇主那里偷时间，故答案为G。

（4）语义理解。由It is good to fall behind on the information that really isn't worth your attention落后于那些不值得你注意的信息是很好的。可知这里意思是知道什么是值得了解的，什么是不值得的，故答案为B。

（5）语义理解。由Set aside a regular time each week where you and other family members do not use any kind of electronic media technologies，including television．可知这里意思是花时间和你的家人在一起，免于受到电子设备的干扰，故答案为D。

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案，在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

11．任务型阅读

Aside from the health benefits of laughter (which are numerous and significant), having a sense of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others, look at things in a different way, normalize your experience, and keep things from appearing too overwhelming or scary. Properly developed, a good sense of humor can keep people and relationships strong.

Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better, and can lead you to actually feeling happier (rather than just looking happier). Even if the smile is fake, the benefits you will experience are real! Also, a fake smile leads readily to a genuine one. If you are able to put a smile on your face, the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily. If your situation seems ridiculously frustrating, recognize what can develop into humor in just how ridiculously frustrating and annoying it is. In your imagination, take the situation to an extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused. For example, when you're waiting in a long line at the store, you can imagine that hours pass, then days, visualizing yourself accepting visits from loved ones from your new home in this ultra-long line, holding your children's birthday parties in aisle seven so you can be there to enjoy them...you get the picture. Besides, find a friend with whom you can laugh also works! You can each share your frustrations, and laugh about them in the process. Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel less stressed by thinking about the retelling that will come later.

You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your friends, or try to count how many times the same potentially frustrating event happens in a day.(“I was cut off in traffic 7 times today—I'm almost up to 10!”) This works well for predictable or repetitive annoying situations that you can't control; you can begin to value them in their own special way instead of letting them upset you.

One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like Modern Family or movies like the classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off, is that they take somewhat universal situations that many people find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all.

What's more, you can try joining Funny Clubs.Years ago, when Oprah had a show rather than a network, she did a part on Laughter Yoga that interested me, and I researched a club on my own, finding it to be a terrific place to enjoy a good laugh. Whether you mean business or laugh at the silliness of it all, taking part in the exercises of laughter yoga with other humor-participants can

be a very effective way to get back in the practice of getting some more laughter into your day.

potential / possible / underlying；imagine；game；movies / films；universally；seriously

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了幽默感的重要性及一些培养幽默感的方式。（1）考查名词。根据后面解释的“an effective coping technique. It leads to better relationship as well as simple stress management.”可知是在讲幽默的意义，重要性或好处。故填Significance / Importance / Benefits.

（2）考查名词。第一段“having a sense of humor about l ife's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others,”可知对生活的困难有幽默感可以提供一种与他人建立联系的方式，根据life's difficulties可知指的是生活的困难，故填difficulties / challenges.

（3）考查名词。根据第二段“Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better中having a smile”可知建议我们从微笑开始，故填smile.

（4）考查形容词比较级。根据第二段“the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily.”可知笑声会来得更容易，压力也会更容易融化。故填easier。

（5）考查形容词。根据第三段“In your imagination, take the situation to an extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yo urself amused.” 把情况变成一个极端，变得更加可笑，直到你发现自己被逗乐了。这时候你就会发现自己潜在的幽默，故填potential / possible / underlying.

（6）考查动词。根据第四段中的“Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel less stressed by thinking about the retelling that will come later.”中的by thinking about可知是想象以后会发生的复述，故填imagine.

（7）考查名词。根据第五段中的“You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your friends”可知本段介绍通过和朋友玩游戏的方式使你幽默，故填game.

（8）考查名词。根据第六段中的“One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like Modern Family or movies like the classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off”可知建议我们看有趣的表演或电影，故填movies / films.

（9）考查副词。根据第六段中的“they take somewhat universal situations that many people find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all.”中的universal situations可知此处修饰形容词用副词，故填universally.（

10）考查副词。根据最后一段“Whether you mean business or laugh at the silliness of it all中mean business”可知表示认真地，严肃地，故填seriously.

【点评】本题考点涉及名词，形容词。动词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解所给材料的基础上，根据所给题目要求以及相关的语法知识，写出正确的答案。

12．任务型阅读

Moving to a foreign country is an amazing, life-changing experience. There are some practical decisions that need to be made.________For me, choosing to live with a French with a French family was the best choice I made, and here is why.

________ When you're in a new environment with people you don't know who are speaking a language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did.________They showed me which buses to take to get to work, cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships. They helped me feel more comfortable and welcome.

Living with French people has improved my language skills. Being constantly exposed to real French conversation has allowed me to learn new phrases, widen my vocabulary and even improve my accent. My host family are happy to answer my questions and correct me when I say things wrong.________

The experience of living abroad is one that you will remember forever. Perhaps the friendships, like the memories, will also last.________You might return for their birthdays, weddings, holidays, and much more. I hope to remain in contact with my host family long after I leave France because when I was away from my friends and loves ones, they welcomed me and made me part of their family.

A. One such decision is choosing where to live.

B. You can stay in your own space and privacy.

C. Your host family might become your life-long friends.

D. It makes me a better and more confident French speaker.

E. However, my host family was wonderful and welcoming.

F. A family can help you settle in, stopping you from feeling lonely.

G. It's an opportunity to meet new people, a different culture and another language.

【答案】A；F；E；D；C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者以自己的亲身经历说明去国外时，最好选择住

在当地的寄宿家庭。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“There are some practical decisions that need to be made. ”这里提到了需要做一些很实际的决定，故选A。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“When you're in a new environment with people you don't know who are speaking a language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did.” 这里提到了感到孤独，想家的问题，故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They showed me which buses to take to get to work, cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships. They helped me feel more comfortable and welcome.”这里提到了我的寄宿家庭非常的友好和热情，故选E。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“My host family are happy to answer my questions and correct me when I say things wrong. ”这里提到了当我说错的时候，我的寄宿家庭很愿意回答我的问题，并且帮我改正我犯的错误，故选D。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Perhaps the friendships, like the memories, will also last.” 这里提到了友谊会持续的问题，故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

13．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Meal kits(餐具)cut food waste but packaging is a problem

Home delivery meal kits can slash(大幅消减)food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.

________ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals that are tailored for consumption, people won't over-buy and you have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people will actually eat.

Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane(甲烷)that contributes to climate change. ________ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.

Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ________

The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. ________ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.