浙江省选考 英语写作指导与模拟训练 概要写作

第二节概要写作

概要写作属于限制性写作，它是阅读理解和写作的有机结合。所给短文的文体以说明文、议论文为主。概要写作旨在考查考生的阅读理解能力和概括运用英语语言知识的能力。该题型主要考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。同时，考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。进行概要写作时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词或句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心。考生要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表达出来。

(一)写作步骤

1．细读原文。

首先要仔细阅读所给短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。

2．弄清要求。

概要写作是写全文的概要，不是写某一部分的概要，也不是单独就某些问题写出要点。

3．列出原文要点。

分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

(二)写作方法

1．速读语言材料，弄清文章寓意。

快速阅读所给文章，弄清文章体裁、明确文章主旨大意，采集分层信息点。2．整合分层信息，确定写作要点。

运用构词法、上下文措辞技巧对文章信息整合再造，分层概括表述。采用适当的词法、句法等语言知识确定写作任务的点睛句，把握写作任务要点。3．牢记词数要求，使用地道表达。

明确写作词数的上下限，采用高级或精简句式浓缩多个信息点于一句中，高度概括所给文章内容。弄清写作任务中的人称和时态，准确、地道地表

达，充分展示语言的表现力。

(三)注意事项

1．概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

2．安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

3．注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地罗列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

4．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

5．计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。以40－80词为宜。

1

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

In many societies，there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin may be seen as a mark of beauty，intelligence and beliefs can lead to social pressure even within the same racial or ethnic group，if some members are darker skinned than others.

The result is that skin lightening has become a common activity across Africa，Asia and other areas of the and more people with dark skin are using skin-lightening products，even if they may face health risks.

They believe that having whiter skin will improve their people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.

Some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin process is also called bleaching(漂白)．But some of the chemicals are extremely of the chemicals has been linked to kidney(肾) damage and some kinds of also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy.

At first，bleaching products make the skin color after long-term

use they can cause can even make some skin chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin loses its natural barrier to protect against the skin can become thick and the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem，but this only makes it worse.

Doctor Ly，who works in a hospital，says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are cases have resulted in blackened fingernails，infections and permanent skin these are not the only say some people who change their skin color suffer emotional feel regret and feel that instead of risking their health，they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was.

2

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Are you shy？If you are，you are not fact，close to 50 percent of people are 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their days，shyness is becoming more and more ，scientists are trying to understand have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say say 15 to 20

percent of babies behave babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other shy babies usually have shy a result，scientists think that some shyness is genetic.

Family size might cause people to be shy as at Harvard University studied shy found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and a result，they became the same time，children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as up alone，they often play by are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were scientists studied shyness in different countries，they found surprising Japan，most people said they were in Israel，only one of three people said explains the difference？One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of Japan，when people do not succeed，they feel bad about blame themselves for their Israel，the opposite is often blame failure on outside reasons，such as family，teachers，friends，or bad Israel，freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends，speak in class，

and even get a good scientists say you can get over your suggest trying new things and practicing don’t forget—if you are shy，you are not the only one.

3

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to appears that people have got used to being in a ，it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.

The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a people do their jobs or take action in a hurry，they cannot make a sound decision and probably regret the saying goes，“Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.

Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life example，

taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a ，taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new ，it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the the contrary，being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our life.

Finally，slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for is known to all，taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their think if they are not in hurry，they will become a loser and that annoys in a hurry can hurt people both physically and to some studies，people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases，tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense，even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.

In short，working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more ，much stress can’t bring enjoyment，friends and health，which are much more important than money and other material ，take your time and live your life at a slower pace.

4阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Cyberspace(网络空间) has given rise to a new social change where people make friends from across the world，but know little about their next-door worries critics(批评家)．Take Bob for thinks his neighbor doesn’t know anything about gardening，but his net friend Gr33nThum ，Gr33nThum doesn’t do that annoying sound when he people like Bob have long been criticized for their lack of necessary social think people almost forget how to naturally communicate with their neighbors，creating a social network of strangers.

However，a report entitled “The Strength of Internet Ties”provides a different suggests that the Internet helps develop social networks and make use of them when it matters most.

Friends often kids，our friends’parents move adults，we move away to college or for tools have made people lose touch with each other as a result of laziness，not distance.“The larger and the more diverse(多样的) a person’s network，the more important e-mail is，”argues Jeffrey Boase，who co-authored the report.“You can’t make phone calls or personal visits to all your friends very often，but you can keep in touch with them regularly with the help of the turns out to be very important.”

In addition to expanding and strengthening the social ties people keep in the offline world，Internet and e-mail provide a social and informational support group that helps people make difficult decisions and face challenges.“Internet use provides online users with a path to resources，such as access to people who may have the right information to help deal with family health problems or find a new job，”says John Horrigan，author of the report.“The Internet creates a new basis for than relying on a single community for social support，people often must actively seek out a variety of appropriate people and resources for different situations，” says co-author Barry Wellman.

5

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For most of us，social media，like Twitter and Facebook，is a part of our everyday lives—at work，home or a lot of people are still figuring out when to use it and is especially true in high school，where many teachers are unsure of how it fits in the classroom. Dan Krutka，a high school teacher，is an advocate for using social

media in the classroom，and is an enthusiastic user of Twitter says it’s a great way to communicate with his students during non-class hours.“You can continue to learn together outside the classroom，”says Krutka.“So when students are posting on Twitter—say they post something inaccurately or they make a really good point—I can go ahead and respond to them before class.”

Krutka says tweeting with his students isn’t just about convenience，it’s a says students need to learn how to use social media properly.“People use social media irresponsibly and school should be a place where we’re talking about that and how to use it responsibly，” he says.“As a teacher，I think part of my job is to help students understand how to make best use of it as thoughtful learners.”

But Krutka is among the few educators who feel this schools，including those in Western Massachusetts，are still struggling with whether or not Twitter or Facebook should be used as teaching teachers believe that social media in general can easily distract Kavanagh，a ninth grade world history teacher，tried using Twitter in class，but was distracted by all of the non-class related “noise”．

Besides，it seems that some students don’t feel like this way Lynn is in Kavanagh’s history class.“I’d rather keep my school and my personal social media life a little more separate，”she says.“I’d rather not have my teacher on my Twitter or Facebook.”

6

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣)．Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other them，playing well and winning are often life-and -death their single-minded pursuit(追求) of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others

take an opposite a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or these young people，I often observe in them a desire to seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve not trying，they always have an excuse，“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t want to try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.

Such a loss would be a measure of their ，this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with are afraid of not being as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

7

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

To travel abroad，we often meet the problem of what to take and how