There-be句型练习题含答案

There-be句型练习题含答案
There-be句型练习题含答案

英语简单句、并列句练习题

( ) help him___ he helps me. We help each other .

A. but

B. and

C. or

D. though

( ) 2 ___ he ___ I am a doctor.

A. Both; and

B. Either; nor

C. Neither; nor

D. Neither; and ( ) 3 Some of us would like to act the story ___ it isn't finished yet.

A. but

B. and

C. though

D. so

( ) 4 One more week, ___ we will finish the task.

A. or

B. so that

C. and

D. if

( ) 5 "The ground must be just right ___ too wet ___ too dry.

A. either; or

B. both; and

C. between; and

D. neither; nor ( ) 6 Sam was ill yesterday, so he________his homework.

A. didn't

B. not did

C. didn't do

D. didn't did

( ) 7 Sorry, there's only one seat left. ___ you___ she can have it.

A. neither; nor

B. Either; or

C. Both; and

D. Not; but

( ) 8 He _________coffee at all. He _________ tea.

A. doesn't like, prefers

B. likes, doesn't prefer

C. would like, not prefers

D. prefers, is not food of

( ) 9 We _________ happy about the price of meat.

A. don't

B. are not

C. won't

D. weren't being ( ) 10 I ______ trouble finding the place.

A. didn't have many

B. haven't a great deal of

C. didn't have much

D. hadn't a lot of

( ) 11 _______ of us likes the film.

A. Both

B. All

C. Neither

D. Some ( ) 12 Which sentence is right

A. I don't think that he is not right.

B. I think he is not right.

C. I don't think that he is right.

D. I think he was not right. ( ) 13 They are ___ young ___ carry the box onto the table.

A. enough; too

B. too; to

C. so; to

D. very; to ( ) 14 They ________ lunch at home every day.

A. have not

B. didn't have

C. don't have

D. have not any ( ) 15--________ is your English teacher like

--He is tall and thin.

A. How

B. What

C. Which

D. /

( ) 16 --_________do you like the new play

--It's good and interesting.

A. How

B. Which

C. What

D. Whom

( ) 17 Pay attention please, ___ of you want to attend the party

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. what

( ) 18 --___ did you sleep last night

--I stayed up too late to go to sleep.

A. How

B. When

C. Why

D. Where

( ) 19 It is getting dark. Our teacher_________.

A. lets us to go home

B. lets us go home

C. let us go to home

D. let we go home

( ) 20 _________ she sings!

A. What beautiful

B. How beautiful

C. What beautifully

D. How beautifully

There be句型练习题

一.选择填空

( ), my computer does't work.

--__must be something wrong with the CPU

( ) __some milk ,some eggs and a few apples on the table.

( ) are so many green trees on __sides of the street .

( ) __anything new in today's newspaper .

't 't

( )5.__there __books on the shelf

﹔a ﹔a ﹔some ﹔any ( ) __many elephants in Africa.

( ) there a hotel near here

--__.

at all ,i don't know you are ( ) there any __on the table

( ) is my wallet

--there __a black __on the floor.

﹔it ﹔ones ﹔one ﹔one ( )'s __eraser on __desk.

A. an﹔the ﹔a ﹔the ﹔

二. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

are many __(mouse) in the old house.

__(be) an airport in Suqian some day﹐i hope

__(be) four buildings built already in our school.

__(be)hardly any juice left ,isthere

三.根据汉语完成下列句子。

⒈看!天空中有奇怪的东西。

Look!________in Sky.

⒉没有水,地球上就没有生命。

Without water, ______no lift on eath.

⒊冰箱里有多少冰激凌

____ice cream ____in the fridge

⒋黑板在我的课桌前面。

____a blackboard in front of my desk.

⒌一些老师在操场上。

____some teachers on the playground .

四。改错

( ) are(a) a pen and(b) two books on(c) the(d) desk. ___

( ) stand(a) a factory(b) by(c) the river(d) ___

( )(a) is(b) a girl swim(c) in the lake(d) ___

( ) is(a) little(b) coffee in the(c) fridge ,isn't it(d) ___

( )(a) weren't (b) any(c) meet in the fridge yesterday(d) ___

( )(a) there a(b) post office near hear

--yes﹐there(c) are(d) ___

( )(a) should have(b) something wrong(c) with(d) the machine. ___( ) will(a) have(b) a meeting(c) in the afternoon(d) ___

( )(a) they(b) any(c) paper on the desk(d) ___

( )(a) aren't(b) any tigers in the zoo ,is(c) there(d) ___

初中英语总复习动词时态、语态专项练习

1. It is a fine day. The sun __________(shine) brightly.

2. They ___________(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.

3. Mr Brown________(live) in Beijing since he came to China.

4. Mr Wang ________(teach) us English two years ago.

5. The Smiths _______________( watch) TV at this time last night.

6. We __________(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.

7. Father said that he ____________(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.

8. Bill isn?ˉt here. He ___________(chat) with his friends in the classroom.

9. The teacher said that the moon __________(go) round the earth.

10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it ____________(not rain) this Sunday.

11. Listen! They __________(talk) about the new film.

12. Jim asked us what ___________(happen) in China in 1976.

13. My mobile phone ___________(steal) on a bus last week.

14. The host ____________(interview) the little boy just now.

15. The Greens __________(watch) TV now.

16. He said that he _____________(ring) me up when he got there.

17. We ____________(learn) English for about three years.

18. My brother_____________(join) the League in 1997.

19. The farmers __________(pick) apples when I saw them.

20. The red skirt __________(cost) the girl forty yuan.

21. The film ____________(begin) when I got to the cinema.

22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _____(grow) up.

23. My sister is a student and she _____________(study) at a middle school nearby.

24. Mr Green __________(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.

25. You _________(catch) the early bus if you get up early.

26. _______you been________(wear) glasses all the time

27. I’ll go home as soon as I _______(finish) my homework.

29. Most science books are ______(write) in English.

30. I ____________(stay) there for two months last year.

31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _______.

A. will arrive

B. gets there

C. has gone

D. reach here

32. ----Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter----I ______ well last night.

A. didn’t sleep

B. don’t sleep

C. haven’t slept

D. won’t sleep

33. ----Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking

----Sorry, I ____ that.

A. didn’t see

B. don’t see

C. won’t see

D. can’t see

34. ----Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. ----My watch! Thank you. Where _____it

A. do you find

B. had you found

C. were you finding

D. did you find

35. ----Don you know when Dr White ____ for dinner this evening

----No, but I think he ____ when he is free.

A. will come; comes

B. will come; will come

C. comes; comes

D. comes; will come

36. Look at those black clouds. It _____ rain. Let’s hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to

37. ----Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. ----Really Where ____ he ____

A. has; gone

B. will; go

C. did; go

D. does; go

38. ----Shall we go shopping now ---Sorry, I can't. I ____ my shirts.

A. wash

B. washes

C. washed

D. am washing

39. ----I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

----Oh, I am sorry. I ___ dinner at my friend's home.

A. have

B. had

C. was having

D. have had

40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ____ thousands of visitors since 1995.

A. attracted

B. attracts

C. has attracted

D. will attract

41. ----____you ____ your e-mails today

----Not yet. There's something wrong with my computer.

A. Have; checked

B. Did; check

C. Do; check

D. Are; checking

42. ----How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith ----Oh, I ___ such a beautiful city before.

A. don't visit

B. didn't visit

C. haven't visited

D. hadn't visited

43. ----Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup ----Sorry, I ____ it to Mary.

A. lent

B. have lent

C. had lent

D. lend

44. ----Mum, may I go out to play football -----____you ____ your homework yet

A. Have; finished

B. Do; finished

C. Are; finishing

D. Did; finish

45. ----The train is leaving right now, but David hasn't arrived yet. ----Well, he said he ____here on time.

A. came

B. will be

C. would come

D. can be

46. ----Why didn't you go to the cinema yesterday -----Because I ____ the film before.

A. had seen

B. have seen

C. have watched

D. has watched

47. I don't think John saw me. He ____ a book at that moment.

A. just read

B. has just read

C. was just reading

D. had just read

48. Mr Smith ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

A. has written

B. wrote

C. had written

D. was writing

49. Mr White ____ the newspaper while his daughter ____TV.

A. has read; was watching

B. was reading; watched

C. was reading; was watching

D. reading; watched

50. ---- I ____ you at the meeting. Why ----I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didn't see

51. The 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. will hold C. will be held

D. held

52. Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun

D. began

53. ----May I speak to Mr Smith ----Sorry, he ____ Australia. But he ____ in two days.

A. has been to; will come back

B. has gone to; will be back

C. has been in; would come back

D. is leaving for; doesn't come back

54. I can't go to the theater tonight because I ____ my ticket.

A. have lost

B. had lost

C. will lose

D. was losing

55. ----What a nice bike! How long ____ you ____ it ----Just two weeks.

A. have; bought

B. did; buy

C. have; had

D. are; having

56. ----I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. ----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only for a few minutes.

A. have come

B. had been

C. was

D. have been

57. ----____ my dictionary anywhere ---- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.

A. Did you see

B. If you see

C. Had you seen

D. Would you see

58. We were all surprised when he mad it clear that he ____ office soon.

A. leaves

B. would leave

C. will leave

D. had left

59. Mrs Smith ____ her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ____ home.

A. has left; comes

B. left; had come

C. had left; would come

D. had left; came

60. ----What did your son say in the letter ----He told me that he ____ the Disneyland the next day.

A. would visit

B. has visit

C. is going to visit

D. will visit

61. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served

62. ----Did you win the basketball game ----Bad luck. Our team ____ in the end.

A. won

B. beat

C. was won

D. was beaten

63. I believe that those mountains ____ with trees in a few years.

A. are covered

B. will be covered

C. are covering

D. will cover

64. I like my new bike. It ____ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden

65. ---Do you think this kind of apple ___ well----No, I don't think so. A. have sold B. sells C. are sold D. would sell

66. I wasn't at home yesterday. I ____ to help with the harvest on the farm.

A. asked

B. was asked

C. was asking

D. had asked

67. How sweet the music __! I have never heard a better piece. A. sounded B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds

68. ----Can you tell me whom the play ____ in 1998 ----Sorry, I don't know.

A. was written by

B. was written

C. is written by

D. is written

69. ---What does the sentence "Don't trouble trouble till trouble ____ you" mean

----Sorry, I have no idea. A. trouble B. troubles C. troubled D. will trouble

70. Do you think ____ an English film tomorrow night

A. there is

B. there is going to have

C. there is going to be

D. there was

71. Almost all the water ____ gone. Please save water! A. are B. is C. have D. were

72. Jane ____ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought

D. will buy

73. ----Who jumps the farthest in your school ----Henry __. A. does B. jumps C. has

D. did

74. You were on the farm yesterday, ____you A. didn't B. don't C. aren't D. weren't

75. Li Ping studied hard, ____ he A. was B. did C. wasn't D. didn't

76. Both Kate and I ____ ready for the picnic now. A. is not B. is getting C. are getting D. am getting

77. A talk on Chinese history ____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given

B. has been given

C. will be given

D. will give

78. ----I hear your father ____ to Japan once. ----Yes. He ____ there last year.

A. went; has been

B. has been; went

C. goes; went

D. has been; has been

79. ----Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow. ----Of course. But if it ____, we'll visit the museum instead.

A. you have; will rain

B. you will have; will rain

C. you will have; rains

D. will you have; rains

80. ----My good friend, Mike, wants to be a soldier when he grows up. ----So ___ I. A. do B. am C. will D. should

81. It __ ten years since they __ to France. A. was; moved B. was; have moved C. has; have moved

D. has been; moved

82. He ___ wait until the rain____. A. won't; will stop B. won't; stop C. will; stops D. will; will stop

83. ----So you went to see the film with Tom. ----Yes, but Bob ____ with us.

A. won't go

B. isn't going

C. doesn't go

D. didn't go

84. ----Your name again I ___ quite catch it. ----Federico MacAdam. A. didn't B. don't C. wouldn't D. won't

初中英语时态语态练习

1.“I don’t like to travel. ”“Have you ever _____ in an airplane”

a. flying

b. flew

c. flowed

d. flown

center of gravity of the human body ______ behind his joint.

a. located

b. locating

c. to locate

d. is located

3.“Today is very cold, isn’t it” “Yes, the river is _____ over.”

a. freezed

b. freeze

c. frozen

d. freezing

4.“What happened in that new area” “New houses ______ recently over there.”

a. are built

b. build

c. have built

d. have been built

5.“When did you go to work” “As soon as they came, we ______ to work.”

a. went

b. were going

c. had gone

d. go

6.“Did you wait for him very long” “Yes, I ______ to bed until five in the morning.”

a. did go

b. didn’t go

c. had gone

d. went

it will be a long time ______ from abroad.

a. when Tom comes back

b. when Tom will come back

Tom comes back d. that Tom comes back

______ mathematics throughout his college life.

a. bored

b. bored with

c. was bored

d. was bored with

that dress when I first saw you at the station

a. Were you wearing

b. Have you worn

c. Did you wear

d. do you wear

Wu ______ to work by bus every day.

a. has been traveling

b. has traveled

c. travels

d. is traveling

’t disturb him. He ______ to the weather forecast.

a. listens

b. is being listened

c. has listened

d. is listening

English teacher ______ my test.

a. has not yet graded

b. has not yet been graded

c. is not yet to be graded

d. is not yet graded

______ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.

a. are being worked

b. are working

c. have been working

d. have been worked

14.Shanghai ______ on the Huangpu River.

a. stand

b. stands

c. is being stand

d. has stood

15.“Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays now.”

a. write

b. have been writing

c. are writing

d. have written

16.“______ your best It’s not satisfactory. I’m afraid you will have to do it again.”

a. Do you try

b. Have you tried

c. Are you trying

d. Have you been trying married couple _____ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year.

a. give

b. have been giving

c. are giving

d. have given

uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm.

a. has just made

b. is just being made

c. has just been made

d. is just made

is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park.

a. have gone

b. have been gone

c. have been going

d. are being gone

______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital.

a. is doing

b. has been doing

c. has done

d. has been done

______ the incident as if it were yesterday.

a. am still to remember

b. have still been remembering

c. am being still remembered

d. still remember

______ swimming in the river and I always _____ to swim when I can.

a. am liking/have gone

b. am being liked/am going

c. like/go

d. have liked/have been going

have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents ______ since last winter.

a. occur

b. have occurred

c. have been occurring

d. are occurring

_____ on this essay for twenty minutes but he _____ only a hundred words.

a. has been working/has written

b. is working/writes

b. has worked/has been writing d. works/is writing

_______ every four years and Congress meets once a year.

a. are taken place

b. are to be taken place

c. took place

d. take place careless, or you will make mistakes.

not b. Not be c. Don’t d. Don’t be

bus ______ to Chengdu college of Geology, and not to Sichuan University.

a. are gone

b. is being gone

c. goes

d. are going

, exported from Iran to Europe, _____ by tankers.

a. used to be transported/have been built up

b. used to being transported/have built up

c. was used to be transported/had been built up

d. was used to being transported/will be built up

it ______,the match will be postponed.

a. has been rained

b. does rain

c. rains

d. is rained

soon as I ______ the tools, I shall begin with the work.

a. have

b. am having

c. have been having

d. have been had

you ______ the knack of it, you will have no further difficulty.

a. shall have

b. had had

c. are having

d. have

time he ______ me, he is rude to me.

a. will see

b. sees

c. is seeing

d. is seen

told Mary that he ______ what he was doing during the vacation.

a. was just asked

b. was just asking

c. had just been asked

d. had just asked that you _______ , what are you going to do

a. are bing returned

b. have been returning

c. have been returned

d. have returned started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I ______ there ever sinc

e.

a. was

b. had been

c. will be

d. have been

on the earth ______ all the time.

a. is changing

b. is changed

c. has changed

d. has been changed

______ fine weather for the past few days.

a. have

b. are having

c. have been had

d. have been having

______ every day so far this month.

a. is raining

b. rains

c. has rained

d. has been rained

one can prove that the earth ______ not round.

a. is being

b. is to be

c. is

d. has been

40.“There she ______!We needn’t wait any longer.”

a. comes

b. has been come

c. has been coming

d. is to come

little girl ______ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.

a. was made use

b. was made used

c. was made use of

d. was made used of shall tell you what he ______ at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.

a. had done

b. would do

c. was doing

d. had been done

the end of last year they ______ 1,000 machines.

a. turned out

b. had turned out

c. would turn out

d. had been turned out

was sixty-eight. In two years he ______ seventy.

a. would be

b. was

c. had been

d. was being

long ago ______ playing football

a. had you stopped

b. would you stop

c. did you stop

d. were you stopping

till then we ______ half the distance.

a. had only covered

b. covered

c. would only cover

d. would be only covered

I ______ television, the door bell ______.

a. watched/would ring

b. would watch/had rung

b. was watching/rang d. had been watched/was ringing

______ with us for the time being.

a. would stay

b. will stay

c. have been staying

d. will be staying

never dreamed I ______ here discussing state affairs with the other deputies.

a. will be sitting

b. would be sitting

c. will have been sitting

d. would have been

sitting

told us that by the end of the year they ______ together for thirty years.

a. would have been living

b. would have lived

c. would have been lived

d. will have been living

new type of machine ______ the year after next.

a. is going to turn out

b. is going to being turned out

b. is going to have turned out d. is going to be turned out

sums of money ______ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures.

a. have spent

b. have to be spent

c. have to spend

d. spend

police ______ in what the informer reported.

a. interested

b. had interested

c. were interesting

d. were interested

candidate for the post ______ at the moment.

a. is interviewing

b. being interviewing

c. interviewing

d. is being interviewed

the end of last year the railway ______.

a. was being completed

b. would be completed

b. had been completed d. had completed

______ to visit their country before long.

a. have been invited

b. am being invited

c. had been invited

d. shall be invited ______ with practic

e.

a. must be combining

b. must combine

c. must have been combined

d. must be

combined

said such a thing ______ to happen.

a. ought to be not allowed

b. ought not to be allowing

b. ought not to have allowed d. ought not to be allowed

told me that her proposal ______.

a. needed to take into consideration

b. needed to be taken into consideration

c. needed to be taking into consideration

d. needed to have taken into consideration school authorities and the teachers ______ over the advantages of the demerit system.

a. were always argued

b. were always arguing

b. had always had argued d. had always been argued

fulfilled the plan earlier than he ______.

a. had expected

b. expecting

c. should expect

d. would expect

when the bell rang.

a. Hardly would he reach school

b. Hardly had he reached school

he reached school d. Hardly he was reaching school

were determined not to do it unless Julie ______ it, too.

a. had done

b. was doing

c. was done

d. did

were sure they ______ final victory.

a. were won

b. would be won

c. would win

d. had been won

______ to give us an answer

a. will you be able

b. will you have been able

c. will you able

d. will you have abled ______ on the project by the end of next week.

a. shall have finished to work

b. shall finish to work

c. shall have finished working

d. shall finish working

______ for six years by the time he takes his examination.

a. shall have finished to work

b. shall finish to work

b. shall have finished working d. shall finish working

promise you that I ______ you a present next week.

a. will give

b. will have given

c. shall give

d. shall have given

hope that she ______ to the demands of the naughty boys.

not have agreed b. will not be agreed c. will not agree d. will not have been agreed

the long run your money ______ in bonds.

a. was more safely invested

b. is more safely invested

b. will be more safely invested d. are more safely invested

asked me if these islands ______ to Japan.

a. belong

b. are belonging

c. are belonged

d. have been belonged

the end of the nineties, air pollution ______ a serious problem that endangers the health of the human race.

a. will be become

b. will become

c. will have become

d. will have been become train ______ at eight tonight.

a. will be started

b. will have started

c. shall be started

d. starts

______ an English evening tonight.

a. are being having

b. are having

c. will be had

d. shall be had

______ for Beijing for practice.

a. are leaving

b. are being left

c. will have left

d. will be left

me or aren’t you

a. Will you help

b. Shall you help

c. Are you going to help

d. Will you have helped new power station ______ ther

e.

a. will be going to build

b. is going to be built

c. will be gone to build

d. is gone to be

built

a meeting this afternoon.

a. There going to be

b. There will be going to be

b. There is going to be d. There will going to be

______ a new experiment this afternoon.

a. shall be to perform

b. will be to perform

c. are to be performed

d. are to

perform

government _____ to approve the use of widespread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections.

a. is going

b. had been

c. was about

d. is coming

ought to _____ a test in physics the day before, I think.

a. have taken

b. take

c. be taken

d. be taking

proved that the sun ______ the center of the solar system.

a. is

b. was

c. had been

d. would be

is one of the best novels that ______ this year.

a. appears

b. is appearing

c. has appeared

d. have appeared

friend ______ here last week, but he couldn’t.

a. was to have come

b. must have come

c. came

d. had to come

did not arrive until the meeting was nearly over, for the simple reason is that he _____ asleep while watching television.

a. had fallen

b. has fallen

c. fell

d. was falling

had hardly sat down when she ______ plates of food for us.

a. brought

b. has brought

c. had brought

d. was bringing

friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday ,only to find it ______.

a. be broken into

b. was broken into

c. had broken into

d. had been broken into

88.“What were you doing when Anna phoned you”

“I had just finished my work and ______ to take a bath.”

a. starting

b. to start

c. have started

d. was starting

89.“Have you gone to see the doctor”

“No, but ______.”

a. I go

b. I am going to see

c. I go to see

d. I’m going to

time you look at an object, you ______ a picture.

a. took

b. are taking

c. take

d. have taken

pipes ______ rusty after a period of use.

a. become

b. is becoming

c. are become

d. were become

foreign scientist ______ in our college for fifteen years and does not want to leave.

a. worked

b. is working

c. works

d. has been working

to have dinner with us tonight

a. Will you like

b. Do you like

c. Wouldn’t you like

d. Won’t you like

I was uncertain about ______ whether they could overcome the difficulties.

a. is

b. will be

c. had been

d. was

95.“Certainly,______ him about something else in any case, so it won’t be any bother.”

a. I’ll see

b. I see

c. I can see

d. I’ll be seeing

the time the course ends,______ a lot about Britain.

a. we’ll learnt

b. we are learning

c.we have learnt

d. we’ll have learnt

the machines ______ by the end of the following week.

a. were repaired

b. would be repaired

c. will have been repaired

d. were being repair

will come to call one you the moment he ______ his work.

a. will finish

b. finishes

c. had finished

d. finished

don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her in case ________.

a. she’ll

b. she is

c. she does

d. she would

100.“I wish that your sister would come to visit me.”

“Well, I’ll tell her when I ______ her.”

a. see

b. saw

c. well see

d. would see

定语从句专项练习题

1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________

run from north to south are called avenues.

A. running; that

B. run; who

C. running; who

D. run; that

2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. on which

3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how

4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .

A. that the little girl asks him

B. the little girl asks him to

C. for the little girl to ask him

D. what the little girl asks him

5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin

—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.

A. which

B. in which

C. of which

D. whose

6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D. which

7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.

A. when

B. where

C. which

D. whose

8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.

A. which

B. where

C. when

D. what

9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. when

10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become

widespread in China’s vast countryside.

A. as

B. when

C. until

D. before

11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.

A. It

B. As

C. Which

D. What

12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great

effect on my life.

A. when, which

B. that, which

C. which, that

D. when, that

13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.

A. that which

B. one that

C. that of which

D. this of which

14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. as

15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.

A. all whose homes

B. all of whose homes

C. all their homes

D. all of their homes

16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe

punishment from it sooner or later.

A. who

B. when

C. on which

D. which

17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year

A. where

B. that

C. the one that

D. the one where

18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.

A. when

B. that

C. who

D. where

19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.

A. that

B. as

C. which

D. and

20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken

English. A. that B. this C. which D. same

宾语从句习题

基础练习

you decided ________for Australia

A. when will you leave

B. when do you leave

C. you will leave when

D. when you will leave

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(综合性学习教案)文言词语和句式导学案高中新课程(人教版)

文言词语和句式导学案高中新课程 (人教版) 综合性学习教案 编写:张太银 【学习目标】 1掌握词类活用中意动与使动的区别; 2.阅读文言文能准确把握实词的意义; 3.熟悉高中阶段常见的几种文言句式。 【预习导学】 一、背景知识: 文言文以简约的语言承载着传统文化的精华,经历了上千年锤炼的古典文学是我们民族精神内涵的源头活水。中学生要具有阅读浅易文言文的能力,文言文是言”文”并重的,这里的言”,即文言知识, 如实词理解,句式辨析等,今天我们就来梳理探究文言词语与句式。 二、文学常识: 词类活用是古汉语中某些实词的特殊用法,这些词在特定的语言环境中,临时具有某种语法功能,相应具有某一新的意义,并临时改变了词性,有的还改变了读音。 文言句式包括判断句、被动句和省略句、宾语前置句、谓语前置句、状语后置句(介宾短语后置句)、定语后置句七种句式。

三、整体感知 1.学习任何一种语言,语音、词汇、语法三者缺一不可,而三 者之中,词汇居于首位。古代语言的词汇中最重要的是实词, 文言实 词的掌握应逐课积累,几年之后,水到渠成,这样才能达到阅读浅易 文言文的要求。 2. 在文言文阅读过程中,我们如 果对一些文言句式,尤其是像宾 语前置等比较特殊的文言句式如果不熟悉、 了解,必然会造成理解上 的困难。因此,我们有必要对文言句式,进行梳理和探究。 四、基础知识 (一)文言词语: 意义,在这里我们讲一些常用的方法: 1. 例:解释下面加点字: ① 引壶觞以自酌,眄庭柯以怡颜。 (《归去来兮辞》) ②拔剑切而啖之 (《鸿门宴》) 例①“眄”的含义,根据目”和 眄”的对象 庭柯”就可知其大致是 看”的意思。例②“啖”的含义,根据 口”就可知其大致是 吃”的意 思。汉字本是具有表意性质,从字形可以推知字义。汉字虽历经演变, 表意的功能毕竟没有完全丧失,因此,通过对字形结构(主要是象形 字、会意字和形声字)的分析可以帮助我们探求字的意义。 我们阅读文言文遇到不熟悉的实词时, 如何准确把握这些词语的 眄:(看) 啖:(吃)

文言文词语和句式

文言文词语和句式 一、判断句 判断句是对人或事物表示断定,断定人或事物是什么、属于什么的句式。判断句可以分为有标记的判断句和无标记的判断句这么两大类。 (一)有标记的判断句 有标记的判断句又有几种情况。 1. 有动词做判断词的判断句 在古代,在一般情况下,“是”是代词“这”,不表示判断。但是,“是”也偶尔相当于现在的“是”,成了判断句的标记。文言文中常见的判断句的标志还有“为”、“乃”等。如: (1)汝是大家子,仕宦于台阁,慎勿为妇死,贵贱情何薄!(《孔雀》) (2)不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年。(《明月几时有》) (3)而欲投吴巨,巨是凡人,偏在远郡,行将为人所并,岂足托乎!(《赤壁》) 在更多的情况下,“为”是判断动词。如: (4)公子姊为赵惠文王弟平原君夫人。(《信陵君》) (5)我为赵将,有攻城野战之大功。(《廉颇》) 当时“为”的作用相当于现在的“是”。 2. 用“者、也”做标记的判断句 用“者、也”做标记的判断句,按理说,有三种情况。 一种是有“者”也有“也”。如: (1)蔺相如者,赵人也。(《廉颇》) (2)且将军大势可以拒操者,长江也。(《赤壁》) (3)“离骚”者,犹离忧也。(《屈原》) (4)彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。(《师说》) 这一类句子,都是“者”表示提顿,最后用“也”加强判断的语气。有“者”也有“也”的判断句是比较多的。 一种是有“者”没有“也”。如: (5)四人者:庐陵萧君圭君玉,长乐王回深父,余弟安国平父、安上纯父。(《褒禅》) (6)莲之爱,同予者何人?(《爱莲说》) (7)吾闻二世少子也,不当立,当立者乃公子扶苏。(《陈涉》) 还有一种判断句,只有“也”而没有“者”。如: (8)我,子瑜友也。(《赤壁》) (9)兵挫地削,亡其六郡,身客死于秦,为天下笑。此不知人之祸也。(《屈原》) (10)曹公,豺虎也。(《赤壁》) (11)此世所以不传也。(《石钟山》) 这样的判断句,靠“也”表达判断的语气。 (二)没有标记的判断句 这样的判断句是极少的。 (1)此人力士,晋鄙听,大善;不听,可使击之。(《信陵君》) (2)秦,虎狼之国,不可信。不如毋行。(《屈原》) 这就是把主语和谓语放在一起,靠意思组合成判断句。 二、被动句 在文言文当中,使用“被”表示被动的句子不少。 (1)曲罢曾教善才服,妆成每被秋娘妒。(《琵琶行》) (2)舞榭歌台,风流总被雨打风吹去。(《永遇乐》)

文言词语和句式导学案

文言词语和句式导学案 学习目标 掌握严重的文言句式 学习重点 严重的文言句式的特点 学习难点 现代句式和古代句式的语言区别 学习时 一时 学习方法 自主、合作、探究 知识链接 文言文多见的句式有 判断句 、用:“……者,……也。”表示;如:廉颇者,赵之良将也。 2、用:“……,……也(或者也)。”表示;如:夫战,勇气也。 3、用:“……者,……。”表示;如:粟者,民之所种。 4、用:“……,……。”表示;如:刘备,天下枭雄。 注意:并非所有用了“者、也”的都表判断。有时它们 表句中停顿或舒徐语气。 如:吾生也有涯,而知也无涯。

被动句: 主语是谓语动词所表行为的受动者的句子,叫被动句。 翻译为“被” 多见的几种形式: 、用“……于……。”表示; 如:内惑于郑袖,外惑于张仪。 2、用“……见……”的形式表示; 如:秦城恐不可得,徒见欺。 3、用“见……于……”的形式表示; 如:臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵。 4、用“受……于……”的形式表示; 如:举十万之众,受制于人。 宾语前置: 在古代汉语里,宾语位置也和现代汉语一样,大凡都是在动词(或介词)的后面,但为了强调宾语,在一定的条下,就把它放在动词(或介词)的前面。宾语可以分为下面几种:、在疑问句中,疑问代词(安、何、谁等)作宾语,大凡提前到动词(或介词)前。 如:微斯人也,吾谁与归? 2、在否定句中,代词作宾语,也要提前到动词前。如:未之有也? 3、为了强调宾语,借助“之、是”等词的帮助,把宾语从动词后提到动词前。“之”和“是”是宾语前置的标志,不译。 如:A、何陋之有?B、何厌之有?

、何后之有?D、马首是瞻 E、惟利是图。 定语后置: 文言文中,定语的位置大凡也在中心词前边,但有时为了突出中心词的地位,强调定语所表现的内容,或使语气流通,往往把定语放在中心词之后,并用“者”结句,形成“中心词+后置定语+者”或“中心词+之+后置定语(+者)”的形式。 (1)求人可使报秦者,未得。(求可使报秦之人)太子及宾客知其事者皆白衣冠以送之。(知其事之宾客)(2)蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强。(利之爪牙 强之筋骨) 居庙堂之高,则忧其民,处江湖之远,则忧其君。(高之庙堂 远之江湖) 状语后置句: (1)词结构“于……”组成的介宾短语在文言文中大 都处在谓语动词后作补语,这类补语按现代汉语习惯是放在谓语动词前面作状语,所以翻译的时候就把它当作了状语因此有人称它“状语后置”或“介宾结构后置”。如:“青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝。”(《劝学》) (2)介词“以……”组成的介宾短语,在今译时,大凡都作状语。 “形似酒尊,饰以篆文山龟鸟兽之形。”(《张衡传》)多见文言文不变格式 不变格式也叫不变结构,或者凝固结构。它的语法特点就是由一些例外词性的词凝结在一起,不变成为一种句法格式,表达一种新的语法意义,世代沿用,约定俗成,经久不变。它的分类可按表达语气的种类分为四种: 第一种:表陈述语气。

汉语句式变换分析的原则_类型及功能论析

汉语句式变换分析的原则、类型及功能论析 杨晓玉 李鸿亮 (新疆师范大学人文学院新疆乌鲁木齐 830000) [摘 要]所谓变换分析是指利用句式之间可能存在的变换关系对句式进行语法分析的一种方法。句式变换分析应遵循平行性原则、同一性原则、约束 性原则和类推性原则。变换分析具有歧义句分化、句式分类定性以及归纳语法规 律等作用。 [关键词变换;变换分析;平行性原则 一、语变换分析的由来、发展和基础 1.变换分析的由来和发展。“变换”一词来自于英语中的transformation。早在1898年出版的《马氏文通》就曾提及与变换分析类似的想法。随后,黎锦熙1924年出版的《新著国语文法》也曾提到各种变换和句子内部各种成分位次的变化。吕淑湘在1942年出版的《中国文法要略》里提到过句子的“变次”、“转换”、“句法的变换”等问题。但这种早期的变换思想一直没有理论化、系统化,更没有进一步上升为一种方法体系。我们现在所运用的变换分析法源于美国描写语言学后期代表人物哈里斯的变换理论。哈里斯受到数学集合和影射理论的启发,用一种全新的视角观察语言现象,创立了系统的变换理论。 在汉语语法研究中,朱德熙是最早的结构主义变换分析理论的 推广者和实践者。他在20世纪60年代就开始研究并引进哈里斯的 变换理论,并把这一理论应用于汉语的研究实践中。20世纪后期, 更多的学者开始运用这一理论来研究分析汉语的语法现象,进而形 成了有中国特色的变换分析理论。变换分析法克服了传统分析法和 层次分析法的不足,对于歧义句的分化、句式的分类定性以及归纳 语法规律等具有重要的作用。 2.变换分析的客观基础。语言系统自身的特点是变换分析诞生 的客观基础。首先,同一个意义可以用不同的语言形式来表达,从 而使语言中出现大量的同义句式。例如表达“我告诉他这件事。”这 个意思,可以有几种不同的说法。比如,可以说,“我把这件事告诉 他。”、“这件事,我告诉了他”等等几种表达方式。这些句式虽然在 句义上有一些细微差异,但是他们的实质意义是一样的。其次,每 种语言的格式是有限的,而人们要表达的意思是无限的。因此要用 有限的格式来表达无限的意义就必然使一种句式负载多种表义功 能,从而形成大量的同义格式。例如,“连老师都不理解。”这句话, 可以表示“老师不理解某事或某人”,也可以表示“别人不理解老师” 这里两种意思。这就为变换分析提供必要性。另外,大量的同义句 和同形句之间必然存在某种必然联系,这也为变换分析的产生提供 了可能性。 二、变换分析所要遵循的原则 为了确保变换关系的成立以及变换的合格,就需要在进行变换 时遵循一套变换的原则,主要有以下几个方面。 1.平行性原则。平行性原则是变换分析当中所需遵循的最基本 的原则。这一原则要求,在变换形成的整齐的变换矩阵中,从纵行 上看,原式和变换式各自集合内成员的内部结构关系和语法意义相 同;从横行上看,原式和变换式各自集合内成员的内部结构关系和 语法意义的差异一致。例如下面的变换矩阵: (1)桌子上放着钢琴——钢琴放在桌子上 (2)黑板上写着字——字写在黑板上 (3)花盆放在阳台上——阳台上放着花盆 在上面的变换矩阵中,从竖行上来看,左边的句法结构是 “NP1+V+着+NP”,并且句例的语法意义都是“某处以何种方式存在 某物”;右边的句法结构是“NP+V+在+NP1”,其句例的语法意义都是 表示“通过何种动作,某物存在于何处”。从横行上看,既然左右两 侧各自的语法结构和语法结构都是相同的,那么他们在横行上的差 别当然也是相同的。以上句例中,原句式和变换式的语法意义相同,都是表示“存在、静态”。但是原式句和变式句又存在着细微的差别。例如,原句式“黑板上写着字”的话题是“黑板”,说明了“黑板”上存在着某物;而变式句“字写在黑板上”的话题是“字”,说明了“字”存在于何处。因此,由以上分析可以看到上面的句例形成了一个整齐而平行的变换句阵。 2.同一性原则。同一性原则是指,构成变换关系的两个句式及其实例的同现成分在语法上、语义上保持一致。语法上的同一性是指变换前后相对应的类或次类必须保持同一;语义上的同一性是指变换前后相对应成分的语义相同。这是建立可逆变换的根本要求。 (1)小王弄坏了一支钢笔——小王把一支钢笔弄坏了 (2)水在小河里流着——水流在小河里 (3)饺子捞在小盆里——在小盆里捞饺子 在(1)中的“小王”是原式和变换式的施事,“钢笔”是原式和变换式的动作的受事,这就符合同一性原则。在(2)中的“小河”在原式中是动作“流”的处所,而在变换式中则是“流”的目的地或终点。(3)中的“捞”在原式中是“捞入”的意义,而在变式句中则是“捞出”义。因此,(2)(3)两例在变换前后语义发生了变化,不具有同一性。并且(2)(3)中的词“在”的意义的性质也发生了变化。例如在(2)的原式中“在+小河”作状语,表示动作的处所;而在变式中“流+在”是动词和介词的组合,其中“在”可换为“到”意义不变,表示“流”的目的地或终点。因此,在进行变换时保持变换前后的同一性,就应当特别注意变换中的核心词的词义保持严格的一致。 3.约束性原则。约束性原则是平行性原则和同一性原则的补充原则。因为在某些情况下,仅遵循这两个原则的变换不一定都是成立的,所以变换还要受到语音、语义、句法、语用等多方面的制约。 先看语音方面的制约。例如: (1)衣服洗完了——洗完衣服了 (2)衣服洗干净了——洗干净衣服了(不成立) 上面(1)的变换是成立的;(2)的变换不成立,因为受到语音、音节的制约。 其次是句法对变换的制约。例如: (1)钱存在银行里——银行里存着钱 (2)一笔钱存在银行里(不成立)——银行里存着一笔钱(成立) 上面(1)的变换是成立,但(2)却不成立。因为(2)的变换违背了一定的语法规律,即主语位置上倾向于有定,宾语位置上倾向于无定的规律。 此外,语义和语用因素也会制约变换。例如,“翻箱子”不能变换为“在箱子里翻”,是因为“箱子”在变换前是受事,在变换后成了处所。 三、变换分析的类型 1.句义内变换。所谓句义内变换是指严格遵循变换分析的平行性原则,变换前后各项之间的语义关系保持不变。有以下几种情况:(1)移位变换。移位变换是指变换前后不出现非同现成分,变换式只是同现成分与原式的位置的变换。例如: A)在黑板上写字——字写在黑板上 B)我借给你一支笔使——我借一支笔给你使 上例中变换句和原式句的各成分都是相同的,没有成分的增减。 (2)替词变换。替词变换是指变换式中的某词语替换原句式中相应的词语,变换前后的非同现成分具有互释性。例如:“ 这件事我怎么会不知道——这件事我不会不知道。” 本例中原句式中的“怎么会” 被变式句的“不会”所代替。 110

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