完美总结的英语定语从句
初识定语从句
一、了解定语从句及相关术语
1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，相当于形容词在句中作定语。
2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有where，when，why等。
He is the man who I want to see. 他就是我想见的人。
先行词关系词定语从句
二、掌握关系代词及其作用
最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that，which和as。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。
1. who指人，在定语从句中一般做主语。如：
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father? 你认识和你爸爸讲话的那个人吗？(定语从句修饰先行词the man，who在定语从句中作is speaking的主语）
This is the stranger who helped us yesterday. 这是昨天帮助我们的那个陌生人。She is the girl who works hard at maths. 她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可以省略。如：
He is the man (whom) we just talked about. 他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。
The boy (whom) we met in the street yesterday is my classmate. 我们昨天在大街上遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
3. whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语修饰它后面的名词。如：
This is the girl whose father is a policeman. 这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。
They live in a house whose windows face south. 他们住在一座窗子朝南的房子里。4. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：
Physics is a subject which is very difficult to learn. 物理是一门很难学的科目。（在定语从句中做主语，不能省略）
Apples are the fruit (which) she likes best. 苹果是她最喜欢的水果。
5. that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如：
He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
We like programs that are very interesting. 我们喜欢有趣的节目。
She is the woman （that） we saw in the bookshop. 她是我们在书店见到的那名妇女。
5. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。如：
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 来这个城市参观的人数每年增长一百万。
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 今天早晨我看见的那个人在哪里？三、掌握关系副词及其作用
关系副词有when、where、why，他们在引导定语从句时，既在定语从句中充当状语，又起连接作用。
1. When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。如：
I still remember the day when I first came to Dalian. 我仍然记得第一次来大连那天的情景。
He told me the date when he joined the party. 他告诉了我他入党的时间。
They stayed with me for three weeks when they drank all the wine I had.他们和我一起住了三个星期，在那三周里，把我所有的葡萄酒都喝光了。
2. where指地点、在定语从句中充当地点状语。如：
This is the house where we lived when we were young. 这就是我们小时候住的房子。This is the village where I grew up. 这就是我长大的那个村庄。
Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake. 杭州是个有一个美丽的湖泊的城市。
3. why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。如：
I know the reason why he was late for the meeting. 我知道他开会迟到的原因。
Do you know the reason why he refused the invitation? 你知道他拒绝应邀的原因吗？That is the reason why I’ve changed so much. 那就是我变化这么快的原因。
四、学习定语从句应该注意的问题
1. 关系代词和关系副词的选用
如果先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，不能就一律断定要用关系副词when或where，务必要看引导词在从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，用关系副词，如做主语或宾语要用关系代词。当reason做先行词时，也需注意其引导词在从句中作什么成分，不能断定一概用why来引导。如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起工作的时光。（work是不及物动词，when在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词。）
I’ll never forget the time (which/that) we spent together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起渡过的时光。
spend是及物动词，which/that在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词，也可以省略。）
This is the factory where he worked before. 这是他以前工作过的工厂。（work是不
及物动词，where在定语从句中作状语。）
This is the factory which/that he visited before. 这是他以前参观过的工厂。（visit 是及物动词，which/that在从句中作宾语，亦可省略。）
The reason why I was absent yesterday was that I was ill. 我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。定语从句中缺状语，表示原因，故用关系副词why）
The reason that he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.他所解释的迟到的原因是他误了头班汽车。（explain是及物动词，that在从句中作其宾语）
再看一个例题：
（1）This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
（2）This is the factory _______ I worked last year.
（3）This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.
A. where
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：（1）和（3）选B. which。（2）选A. where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；（1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which。（2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。（3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。
2. 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? 你把李先生说的话都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 在他看来世界上似乎没有不可能的是。
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事情都做了。
2）当先行词被序数词修饰。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方就是“大本钟”。
3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
I think the film Assembly is the best film that I have seen. 我认为电影《集结号》是我看过的最好的电影。
4）当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这就是我想买的那本辞典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 房子失火以后，那辆旧汽车就是他唯一的财产。
5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件T恤适合我穿？
6）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。如：
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?你还记得我们学到的那个科学家及他的理论吗？
3. 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1）定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系。如：
The plane that has just taken off is for London. 刚起飞的飞机是去伦敦的。（定语从句）
The fact that he has been dead is clear. 他已经死亡的事实是清楚的。（同位语从句）2）定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分。如：
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.我们现在面临的问题是怎样筹集那么多钱。（定语从句）
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 怎样筹集钱的问题很难解决。（同位语从句）
3）同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以。如：The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.地球绕着太阳转这一事实是众所周知的。（同位语从句）
The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. 这个事实就是地球绕着太阳转。
3. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
4. that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"
引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
五、考点链接
1. 考查that
Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what (2005北京春)
【解析】C。从句中visited 是及物动词，而且没有宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句。2. 考查who，whom和whose
1）Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
A. who; 不填
B. 不填; who
C. who; who
D. 不填表; 不填（2006北京卷）
【解析】C。第一空定语从句缺少主语，必须用who，不能省略；第二空也是关系代词作主语，不能省略。
2）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. what （2006福建卷）
【解析】A。从句中缺少的是roof的定语，在定语从句中关系代词作定语用whose，whose 可以修饰人，也可以修饰物。
3. 考查when，where和when
1）—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm _________ we worked. （2007 山东卷）
A. that
B. there
C. which
D. where
【解析】D。 work是不及物动词，不需要宾语，所以用where引导定语从句。
2. In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what (2006上海卷)
【解析】C。句中先行词“places”尽管表地点，但关系词在从句作主语，必须用关系代词。
3. Anyway , that evening , ______ I will tell you about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place .
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. which (2004浙江卷)
【解析】D。此句是非限制性的定语从句,尽管that evening表时间，但在从句中作介词about 的宾语，只能用关系代词which。
4. Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春季)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained 【解析】A。先行词the reason尽管表示“原因”，但在从句中作explained的宾语，这又是个限定性的定语从句，作宾语时可用that或which引导定语从句还可省略。
小议“现在进行时表将来”
一、意义：现在进行时除表示现在外，还可以表示将来。现在进行时表将来时常有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。
二、用法：
1. 现在进行时态（be + v.-ing）表示最近按计划、安排即将发生的动作，句中常有一个表将来时的时间状语，常用于动作动词或去向动词(不适于状态动词)。如：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，stay，meet，get，see off等。如：
I’m meeting Peter tonight. He’s taking me to the theatre.
今天晚上我要跟彼得见面，他要带我去看戏。
How are you getting to the airport? Is anybody seeing you off?
你怎么去机场？有人送你吗？
2. 表示没有具体安排好细节的决定或计划。如：
I’m not waiting for her any longer. 我不再等她了。
When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
—What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准备做什么？
—I’m visiting my friend in Hong Kong. 我准备去香港看朋友。
3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，强调动作的持续性。如：
If I am still sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.
他来时如果我还在睡觉，请叫醒我。
When you are passing my way, please drop in. 当你路过我家时，请进来坐坐。
4. 大多数动词用现在进行时表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作时都可用be going to结构换用，但动词go和come用现在进行时表示将来时，不用于be going to结构中。如：
I’m flying to London tomorrow. = I’m going to fly to London tomorrow. 明天我将飞往伦敦。
—Are you coming tomorrow? 你明天来吗？
—Yes, I’m coming. 是的，我明天来。
—What are you doing for your vacation? 你假期准备做什么？
—I’m going to Tibet for a week. 我准备去西藏一周。
区别：①现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别：前者通常用瞬间动词，如：go，come，start，return，get，arrive等；而后者通常是持续性动词。如：
The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。
He is reading a novel. 他正在看小说。
②现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别：现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图；而一般现在时表示将来，则其客观性较强，即通常被视为客观事实，多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况。如：
What are you doing next Friday? 下星期五你们打算干什么？
The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。
初中英语定语从句的用法解析
初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
10句经典英语名人名言
10句经典英语名人名言 导读：本文是关于10句经典英语名人名言的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 1、青春是一个普通的名称，它是幸福美好的，但它也充满着艰苦的磨炼。——高尔基 Youth is a common name, it is happy and beautiful, but it is also full of hardship. 2、懒惰象生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体；经常用的钥匙，总是亮闪闪的。——富兰克林 Laziness, like rust, consumes more body than labour; the keys that are often used are always shining. 3、黄金诚然是宝贵的，但是生气蓬勃、勇敢的爱国者却比黄金更为宝贵。——林肯 It is true that gold is precious, but the vigorous and brave patriots are more precious than gold. 4、生命里最重要的事情是要有个远大的目标，并借助才能与坚毅来完成它。——歌德 The most important thing in life is to have a lofty goal, and to accomplish it with the help of ability and perseverance. 5、世界上只有一种英雄主义，那就是了解生命而且热爱生命的人。——罗曼·罗兰
There is only one kind of heroism in the world, that is, people who know life and love it. 6、只有美的交流，才能使社会团结，因为它关系到一切人都共同的东西。——席勒 Only the exchange of beauty can unite society, because it concerns the common things of all people. 7、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 Books lead us into the best society and make us know the great wise men of all ages. 8、生命的意义在于付出，在于给予，而不是在于接受，也不是在于争取。——巴金 The meaning of life lies in giving, not accepting, not striving. 9、内容充实的生命就是长久的生命，我们要以行为而不是以时间来衡量生命。——小塞涅卡 Life with rich content is long life. We should measure life by action rather than by time. 10、人生并非游戏，因此，我们并没有权利只凭自己的意愿放弃它。——列夫·托尔斯泰 Life is not a game, so we have no right to abandon it only on our own will.
定语从句的例子
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英语的5句经典名言 2017-05-021、 whatislanguagefor?somepeopleseemtothinkit’sforpracticinggrammarrules andlearninglistsofwords—— thelongerthewordsthebetter.that’https://www.360docs.net/doc/b212308062.html,nguageisfortheexchangeofidea s,forcommunication.（语言到底是用来干什么的呢？一些人认为它是用来操练语法规则和学习一大堆单词——而且单词越长越好。 这个想法是错误的。 语言是用来交换思想，进行交流沟通的.）2、thewaytolearnalanguageistopracticespeakingitasoftenaspossible.（学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。 ）3、agreatmanoncesaiditisnecessarytodillasmuchaspossible,andthemoreyouap plyitinrealsituations,themorenaturalitwillbecome.（一位伟人曾说，反复操练是非常必要的，你越多地将所学到的东西运用到实际生活中，他们就变得越自然。 ）4、learninganylanguagetakesalotofeffort.butdon’tgiveup.（学习任何语言都是需要花费很多努力，但不要放弃。 ）5、 relax.bepatientandenjoyyourself.learningforeignlanguagesshouldbefun.（放松点。
备考2020年中考初中英语定语从句精讲及练习 含答案
备考2020年中考初中英语定语从句精讲及练习 所谓定语从句，就是用一个句子去修饰某一名词或代词。定语从句一般位于被修饰的名词或代词后面。在这里，我们需要掌握两个特殊的概念：其一就是先行词，即被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词；其二就是关系词，即引导定语从句的词，如that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why等。在初中阶段，重点掌握的关系词主要为that, which, who, whom和whose等。 考点一：关系代词的用法 要掌握定语从句，我们就需要掌握好关系代词的用法。下面我们就用表格的方式来讲解定语从句关系代词的用法。
【典型考例1】（2019山东滨州）---–Do you know the man ____________ spoke at the meeting just now? --- No, I don’t know. A. what B. who C. which D. whose 【析】正确答案：B。句子意思是：---你认识刚才在会上发言的人吗？---不，我不认识。先行词the man表人，定语从句的关系词用who。 【典型考例2】（2019山东临沂）Peppa Pig (《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon _________has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents. A. who B. which C. /
【析】正确答案：B。句子意思是：《小猪佩奇》是一部在中国受儿童和父母欢迎和喜爱的英国卡通电影。先行词a British cartoon表物，所以定语从句的关系词用which。 【典型考例3】（2019甘肃敦煌）I prefer music_____has great lyrics. A.who B. whose C .that D./ 【析】正确答案：C。句子意思是：我更喜欢歌词抒情的音乐。先行词music表物，定语从句的关系词用that。 考点二：定语从句中只能用that或只用which情况
初中英语定语从句专项练习题(含答案详解)
定语从句专项练习 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that 2. This is the case ________ he’s had all h is money stolen. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how 4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him 5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in Chin a’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that 13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as 15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes 16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which 17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.