(完整版)高中语法冠词

第九讲高考英语语法冠词

1. a / an 的用法

(1) 用在未曾提到的或对方不知道的人或事物前。

There was a hole in the fence.

Suddenly they heard a loud bang.

(2) 用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。

A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.

A child needs love and affection.

(3) 用在表示具体意义的抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物。

We have every reason to believe that the 2008 Beijing Olympic will be a success.

The advertising campaign was a total failure.

(4) 用在表示“一种、一杯、一场”的物质名词前。coffee/food/tea/fruit/rain/wind

I’d like a coffee and a chicken sandwich.

(5) 表示数量“一”或事物的单位“每“。表示one, the same, a certain, every的意思

He married his first wife in 1942 and had a son and a daughter.

I watch TV for 16 or 17 hours a day.

They are of an age. (=the same)

I will return in a day or two. (=one or two days)

Hi, John, a Smith is waiting for you. (=a certain)

(6) 用在序数词前，表示“又、再”。

Will you try a second time if you fail the first time?

(7) 用在表示人名的专用名词前。

There’s a Mrs Green to see you.

The boy is always helping others. He tries his best to be a Lei Feng.

(8) 用在表示某一方面、某一部分等特殊含义的不可数名词前。

Once way to understand thousands of new words is to gain a good knowledge of basic word formation.

(9) 与不定冠词连用的习语：

have a cold, have a good/happy time, in a hurry, have a gift for, have a word with, once in a while, at a loss, for a while, once upon a time, at a distance, all of a sudden, have a population of, a waste of, have/take a rest, have a holiday, get a lift/ride, go on a diet

(10) 不定冠词的特殊位置

quite/rather+a/an +adj.+n.

what/such/half+a/an+单数名词

so/as/too/how/however+adj +a/an +单数名词

many a/an+单数名词

not a/an +单数名词

.2. the的用法

(1) 特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。

I ordered a pizza and salad, the pizza was nice but the salad was disgusting.

What a pity that you couldn’t be there to receive the prize！

(2) 用在序数词、形容词最高级以及the only /very /same之前。

It’s the fifth time that I’ve been to America.

This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.

The same causes produce the same effects.

(3) 与形容词或过去分词连用表示一类人、事物或抽象概念。

Later two men came to the office, asking for money for the poor.

With him, you should always expect the unexpected.

(4) 与单数名词连用表示一类人或事物。

The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.

In many places in China, the bike is still a popular means of transportation.

(5) 固定结构：v.+ sb. + prep. + the + 身体部位

The girl pulled me by the arm and took me to the office.

An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.

(6) 用在方位名词、姓氏的复数、西洋乐器名词及宇宙中独一无二的事物前。

The Turners were sitting at the breakfast table then.

When I was five years old, she taught me to play the piano.

Water had already disappeared from planets like the moon, but it stayed on the earth.

(7) .the+表量度单位的名词表示“每一”。

如：I have hired the car by the hour.

Eggs are sole by the dozen.

(8) 定冠词的特殊位置：名词词组中如含有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both, of等修饰时，定冠词要放在这些词后。

如：exactly the same color

just the right place

double the amount

(9) .定冠词在某些词组中的使用

make the most/best of(充分利用); in the daytime; in the end; in the habit of; in the distance; not in the least(=not at all); in the way; on the whole; on the right/left; on the spot; on the one hand…..on the other hand; at the same time; at the mom ent; go to the cinema/theatre; go to the doctor’s; the other day(=a few days ago); for the time being(暂时); on the radio/phone; to tell you the truth; by the way; to the public等

(10) the+形容词比较级表示“两者中比较…的那一个”；

There are two apples, and I like the bigger one.

(11) 表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前要用定冠词，但如此类名词前有修饰成分要用a/an. 如：the moon 月球 a full moon一轮满月

(12) 用在表示年代、朝代及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前。

如：the Tang Dynasty in the 1990’s the Spring and Autumn Period

3. 零冠词的用法

(1) 泛指的不可数名词前。

They wash sand from the river in a pan of water, and expect to pick up gold.

Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become a popular name.

(2) 复数名词表泛指或类别时。

Bicycles that were the main form of transport a few decades ago are now prohibited on the highways.

(3) 表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科及季节、年、月、星期的名词前。

She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

Mirian likes to relax in her garden in summer.

(4) 独一无二的头衔、职务名词及作表语、补语及同位语时。

Enid has been head of the history department for 10 years.

Mr White was selected chairman of the company.

(5) 不使用冠词的短语

pen and ink; master and servant; on second thoughts; at noon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/night/midnight; no such boy;

come to light; come to power; give birth to; in case of; come/rank first; ahead of time; in debt; under repair;

in use/danger/public; day and night; sun and moon; father and son; husband and wife; by mistake; at war;

out of work/order/control/date/patience/mind/money/ question/reach/breath/danger; on board; side by side;

shoulder to shoulder; hand in hand; from morning till night; by weight; in place of; every few days; catch fire; face to face; for sure/certain等

4. 有无冠词意义不同的情况

go to school go to /be at church go to sea

go to the school go to the/beat the church go to the sea

go to bed be in hospital be in prison

go to the bed be in the hospital be in the prison in front of sit at table by day

in the front of sit at the table by the day

take place in possession of in sight of

take the place in the possession of in the sight of

in place of in future take advice

in the place of in the future take the advice be in office in class in store

be in the office in the class in the store

out of question in charge of

out of the question in the charge of

高考试题

1. The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long---the height of ____ 9-storey building.

A. the, the

B. a, a

C. a, the

D. the, a

2. Let’s go to ___ cinema---that’ll take your mind off the problem for ___ while.

A. the, the

B. the, a

C. a, the

D. a, a

3. What I need is ____ book that contains ___ABC of oil painting.

A. a, /

B. the, /

C. the, an

D. a, the

4. I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ___ rough idea of ___ project plan.

A. the, a

B. /, the

C. the, /

D. a, the

5. This area experienced ___ heaviest rainfall in __ month of May.

A. /, a

B. a, the

C. the, the

D. the, a

6. We can never expect ____ bluer sky unless we create ___ less polluted world.

A. a, a

B. a, the

C. the, a

D. the, the

7. Washing machines made in China have won ____ worldwide attention and Haier has become ___ popular name.

A. a, the

B. /, a

C. /, the

D. the, a

8. In order to find ____ better job, he decided to study ___ second foreign language.

A. the, a

B. a, a

C. the, the

D. a, the

9. Some people fear that _____ all pollution may bring about changes in _____ weather around the world.

A. /, the

B. the, /

C. an , the

D. the, a

10. What ___ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive ___ prize!

A./ a, a

B. the, a

C. a, the

D. the, the

11. Students should be encouraged to use ____ Internet as ___ resource.

A. /, a

B. /, the

C. the, the

D. the, a

12. We went round to the west coast by ___ sea instead of driving across ___ continent.

A. the, the

B. /, the

C. the, /

D. /, /

13. ___ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ___ head.

A. An, the

B. The, the

C. An, /

D. The, /

14. My neighbor asked me to go for ___ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ___ energy.

A. a, /

B. the, the

C. /, the

D. a, the

15. It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ___ break.

A. a, a

B. the, a

C. the, the

D. a, the

16. In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.

A. a, the

B. /, a

C. the, a

D. the, the

17. ---I’m so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

---It’s not your fault, with ___ rush-hour traffic and ___ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.

A. a, a

B. the, the

C. /, /

D. /, a

18. Have you heard ____ news? The price of ___ petrol is going up again!

A. the, the

B. /, the

C. the, /

D. /, /

19. In the United States, there is always ___ flow of people to areas of ___ country where more jobs can be found.

A. a, the

B. the, a

C. the, the

D. a, a

20. I ate ___ sandwich while I was waiting for ___ 20:08 train.

A. the, a

B. the, the

C. a, the

D. a, a

21. ___ walk is expected to last all day, so bring ___ packed lunch.

A. A, a

B. The, /

C. The, a

D. A, /

22. We have every reason to believe that ___ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ___ success.

A. /, a

B. the, /

C. the, a D, a, a

23. ---Could you tell me the way to ___ Johnsons, please?

---Sorry, we don’t have ___Johnson here in the village.

A. the, the

B. the, a

C. /, the

D. the, /

24. I wanted to c atch ___ early train, but couldn’t get ___ ride to the station.

A. an, the

B. /, the

C. an, /

D. the, a

25. Christmas is ___ special holiday when ___ whole family are supposed to get together.

A. the, the

B. a, a

C. the, a

D. a, the

26. I like ____ color of your skirt. It is ___ good match for your blouse.

A. a, the

B. a, a

C. the, a

D. the, the

27. ---How about ___ Christmas evening party? --- I should say it was ___ success.

A. a, a

B. the, a

C. a, /

D. the, /

28. I looked under ___ bed and found ___ book I lost last week.

A. the, a

B. the, the

C. /, the

D. the, /

29. For him ___ stage is just ___ means of making a living.

A. a, a

B. the, a

C. the, the

D. a, the

30. Of all ____ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was

___ most important one.

A. the, a

B. /, a

C. /, the

D. the, the

31. I know you don’t like ___ mus ic very much. But what do you think of ___ music in the film

we saw yesterday?

A. /, /

B. the, the

C. the, /

D. /, the

32. ---Hello, Could I speak to Mr Smith?

---Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t ___ Mr Smith here.

A. /

B. a

C. the

D. one

33. Don’t worry if you can’t come to ___ party---I’ll save ___ cake for you.

A. the, some

B. a, much

C. the, any

D. a, little

34. ---I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ___ keyboard.

---You shouldn’t put drinks near ___ computer. A. the, / B. the, a C. a, /

D. a, a

35. If you go by ___ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ___

fast one.

A. the, the

B. /, a

C. the, a

D. /, /

36. Mr Smith owns ___ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.

A. larger

B. a larger

C. the larger

D. a large

37. On May 5, 2005, at ___ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won

the gold medal in men’s doubles with ___ score of 4:1

A. a, a

B. /, the

C. a, /

D. the, a

38. This book tells ___life story of John Smith, who left ___ school and worked for a newspaper

at the age of 16.

A. the, the

B. a, the

C. the, /

D. a, /

39. After dinner he gave Mr Richardson ___ ride to ___ Capital Airport.

A. the, a

B. a, the

C. /, a

D. /, the

40. It is often said that ___ teachers have ___ very easy life.

A. /, /

B. /, a

C. the, /

D. the, a

2010年高考题

1. If we sit near ____ front of the bus, we’ll have ____ better view.

A. /, the

B. /, a

C. the, a

D. the, the

2. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ____ second chance to make ____ first impression.

A. a, the

B. the, the

C. a, a

D. the, a

3. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _____ people from all walks of life are

working hard for _____ new Jiangsu. A. /, a B. /, the C. the, a

D. the, the

4. It’s _____ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _____ pleasure.

A. /, a

B. a, /

C. the, a

D. a, the

5. Many lifestyle patterns do such _____ great harm to health that they actually speed up ____ weakening of the human body.

A. a, /

B. /, the

C. a, the

D. /, /

6. There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ____ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _____ earth.

A. the, the

B. /, the

C. the, /

D. a, the

7. In _____ most countries, a university degree can give you _____ flying start in life.

A. the, a

B. the, /

C. /, /

D. /, a

8. Everything comes with ______ price; there is no such _____ thing as a free lunch in the world.

A. a, a

B. the, /

C. the, a

D. a, /