英语新题型4

Practice test 4

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.

Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the

information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a

letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Cigarette Makers See Future (It’s in Asia)

by Philip Shenon

A) The Marlboro Man has found greener pastures. The cigarette-hawking (兜售香烟的) cowboy may be under siege

back home in the United States from lawmakers and health advocates determined to put him out of business, but half

a world away, in Asia, he is prospering, his craggy（毛糙的）all-American mug slapped up on billboards and

flickering across television screens. And Marlboro cigarettes have never been more popular on the continent that is home to 60 percent of the world’s population. For the world’s cigarette - makers, Asia is the future. And it is probably their savior.

B)Industry critics who hope that the multinational tobacco companies are headed for extinction owe themselves a stroll

down the tobacco-scented streets of almost any city in Asia. Almost everywhere here the air is thick with the swirling gray haze of cigarette smoke, the evidence of a booming Asian growth market that promises vast profits for the tobacco industry and a death toll measured in the tens of millions. At lunchtime in Seoul, throngs of fashionably dressed young Korean women gather in a fast-food restaurant to enjoy a last cigarette before returning to work, a scene that draws distressed stares from older Koreans who remember a time when it would have been scandalous for women from respectable homes to smoke. In Hong Kong, China, shoppers flock into the Salem Attitudes boutique (时装商店) , picking from among the racks of trendy sports clothes stamped with the logo of Salem cigarettes. In Phnom Penh（金边） , the war-shattered capital of Cambodia, visitors leaving an audience with King Sihanouk are greeted with a giant billboard planted right across the street from his ornate (装饰华丽的) gold-roofed palace. It advertises Lucky Strikes.

C)According to tobacco industry projections cited by the World Health Organization, the Asian cigarette market

should grow by more than a third during the 1990s, with much of the bounty going to multinational tobacco giants eager for an alternative to the shrinking market in the United States.

D)American cigarette sales are expected to decline by about 15 percent by the end of the decade, a reflection of the

move to ban public smoking in most of the United States. Sales in Western Europe and other industrialized countries are also expected to drop. But no matter how bad the news is in the West, the tobacco companies can find comfort in Asia and throughout the Third World, markets so huge and so promising that they make the once all-important American market seem insignificant. Beyond Asia, cigarette consumption is also expected to grow in Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe and in the nations of the former Soviet Union.

E)Status appears to matter far more than taste. “There is not a great deal of evidence to suggest that smokers can taste

any difference between the more expensive foreign brands and the indigenous（本地产的）cigarettes,” said Simon Chapman, a specialist in community medicine at the University of Sydney. “The difference appears to be in the packaging, the advertising.”He said that researchers had been unable to determine whether the foreign tobacco companies had adjusted the levels of tar, nicotine and other chemicals for cigarettes sold in the Asian market. “The tobacco industry fights tooth and nail to keep consumers away from that kind of information,” he said.

F)Most governments in Asia have launched anti-smoking campaigns, but their efforts tend to be overwhelmed by the

Madison Avenue glitz（浮华）unleashed by the cigarette giants. With 1. 2 billion people and the world’s fastest-growing economy, China is the most coveted (极想得到的) target of the multinational tobacco companies.

Cigarette consumption, calculated as the number of cigarettes smoked per adult, has increased by 7 percent each

year over the last decade in China. There are 300 million smokers in China, more people than the entire population of the United States, and they buy 1.6 trillion cigarettes a year.

G)Competing in many cases with domestically produced brands, the multinational tobacco companies are moving

quickly to get their cigarettes into China and emerging markets in the rest of the developing world. Their campaign has been bolstered (支撑的) by the efforts of American government trade negotiators to force open tobacco markets overseas. Since the mid-1980s, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand have all succumbed （屈从)to pressure from Washington and allowed the sale of foreign brand cigarettes. Foreign cigarettes, shut out of Japan in 1980, now make up nearly 20 percent of the market.

H)“Worldwide, hundreds of millions of smokers prefer American-blend cigarettes,” James W. Johnston, chairman of

Reynolds Tobacco Worldwide, wrote in his company’s 1993 annual report. “Today, Reynolds has access to 90 percent of the world’s markets; a decade ago, only 40 percent. Opportunities have never been better. ” Last year, Philip Morris, the company behind the Marlboro Man, signed an agreement with the government controlled China National Tobacco Corp. to make Marlboros and other Philip Morris brands in China. The company’s foreign markets grew last year by more than 16 percent, with foreign operating profits up nearly 17 percent. Operating profits in the domestic American market fell by nearly half.

I)Physicians say the health implications of the tobacco boom in Asia are nothing less than terrifying. Richard Peto, an

Oxford University epidemiologist (流行病学家) , has estimated that because of increasing tobacco consumption in Asia, the annual worldwide death toll from tobacco-related illnesses will more than triple over the next two decades, from about 3 million a year to 10 million a year, a fifth of them in China. His calculations suggest that 50 million Chinese children alive today will eventually die from diseases linked to cigarette smoking. “If you look at the number of deaths, the tobacco problem in Asia is going to dwarf tuberculosis, it’s going to dwarf malaria and it’s going to dwarf AIDS, yet it’s being totally ignored,” said Judith Mackay, a British physician who is a consultant to the Chinese government in developing an anti-smoking program.

J)The explosion of the Asian tobacco market is a result both of the increasing prosperity of large Asian nations —suddenly, tens of millions of Asians can afford cigarettes, once a luxury — and a shift in social customs. In many Asian countries, smoking was once taboo for women. Now, it is seen as a sign of their emancipation。

46.The death rate from cigarette smoking in Asia will someday surpass that from tuberculosis and AIDS.

47.The U.S. government has exerted great pressure on many Asian nations to keep their markets open to foreign

cigarettes.

48.Marlboro cigarettes have become more popular in Asia.

49.China becomes the most desirous market for foreign cigarette manufacturers because its population is so big and

smoking is so popular there.

50.Cigarette sales in America and Western Europe are expected to decline, while in Asia, and throughout the Third

World cigarette consumption is expected to grow.

51.The major reason for the explosion of the Asian cigarette market is the increasing prosperity of large Asian

countries.

52.Many Asian consumers consider foreign brand-name cigarettes preferable to domestically produced ones because

of the status they represent, rather than their taste.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b310820252.html, is becoming a booming cigarette market for multinational tobacco giants.

54.The effectiveness of advertising and the exotic packaging are factors that make smoking foreign brand-name

cigarettes a fashion in Asia.

55.American foreign tobacco markets are growing whereas its domestic markets are shrinking.

Translation

Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

奥运金牌

奥运金牌主要是用银来铸造的，你知道吗？金牌称一下，重472克，金子成分大概在6克左右，只占总量的1.43%。。其余的成分是银和铜，银占93%。，铜占6%。这些原材料熔化之后，按当今的市值卖掉的话，大概值650美元。比较一下，奥运银牌，用93%和7% 的铜铸成，大概值335美元。铜牌基本上用铜浇制，价钱还不足5美元。

自1912瑞典斯德哥尔摩夏季奥运会之后，就再没有发放过实实足足的金牌。当然啰，金牌对奥运冠军及其崇拜者来说，还具有更多的象征性价值。出售金牌是很少有的，但真要是

拿出来卖了，一块金牌的开价可以远远高过它的金银成色。譬如，2000年游泳冠军安东尼. 欧文，在2004年为了救助印度洋海啸难民，以1万7千美元的高价把自己的金牌拍卖了。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。