英语时态知识点汇总

英语时态知识点汇总
英语时态知识点汇总

英语时态知识点汇总

一般现在时

1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often ,always,usually ,sometimes,everyday 等时间状语连用;

2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等;

3、表示客观事实或普遍真理;

4、表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;The plane takes off at 10 am .

5、在时间或条件状语中,表示将来的动作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right .

6、在某些文学作品的情节描写中,代替过去时,表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money.一般过去时

用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago ,in 1987,at the time ,in July .

一般将来时

主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况

在时间或条件状语中,一般不用将来时,而是用现在时代替将来时。I‘ll let you know the result when I finish everything.

1、shall,will + 动词原型构成一般将来时;

2、am (is ,are)going to + 动词原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;

3、am (is ,are)about to + 动词原型,表示即将发生的动作;

4、am (is ,an)to + 动词原型,表示必须或计划要进行的动作You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered .

过去将来时

用于表示过去某一时间内,将要发生的动作或存在的状态

was (were)going to +动词原型

was (were)about to +动词原型

was (were)to + 动词原型表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作

现在进行时

go,come ,stay ,leave,start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作

He is coming to see you tomorrow .

hate,like,love,believe,think,look,mind,have,seem,sound,smell,taste 通常不使用进行时态

过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作He was making a long distance phone call to his friend in Australia from 10 to 11 last night .

go,come ,stay ,leave,start 的过去进行时形式可以表示过去将要发生的动作

将来进行时

将来进行时用于在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作,或按计划在未来将要进行的动作This time next week she will be working in the company .

现在完成时

表示从过去,但持续到现在的动作,或表示过去发生的动作,但对现在仍留有某种后果和造成影响。He has paid his income tax.

过去完成时

用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作,或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。

He said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier .

将来完成时

用来表示在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作

I am sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow .

现在完成进行时

表示从过去某一个时间开始一直延续要现在的动作,这个动作可能刚刚结束,或者可能要继续进行下去。She has been working in Guangzhou since 1985 .

过去完成进行时

表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续。He told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years .

在表示时间或条件关系的主从复合句中,遵照“主将从现”原则,主句用将来时态,从句用现在时态。

被动语态

助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词

含有情态动词:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分辞

短语动词:example takes good care >> taken good care

虚拟语气

用来表示非真实的假设,表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望

条件从句主句

违背现在事实过去式should / would / could / might + 动词原形

If the manager were here ,he might make a decision immediately

违背过去事实had + 过去分词should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词

I could have done it better if I had been more careful

违背将来事实should + 动词原形should / would / could / might + 动词原形were + 动词不定式(were to + 动词原形)

If it should rain tomorrow ,what could we do ?

在下列结构的主语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气

It is necessary / imperative / important / essential / advisable that

It is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that

混合虚拟句条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,在时间上不一致,动词形式需要调整

If you had taken the medicine yesterday ,you would be well now.

Suggest ,order ,ask ,demand ,command ,request ,require etc.这些动词的宾语从句用虚拟句,在这些动词后面的宾语从句中,助动词一律是should .

It is (It was )important ,其后的主语从句用虚拟语气,助动词用should .

It is important that we (should )learn computer .

Wish + (that )从句,通常表示不可能实现的愿望。表示现在的动作或状态是,从句中的动词用过去时;表示过去的动作或状态时,从句中的动词用had + 过去分词。

但是,从句中动词用would (might )+ 动词原形时,表示现在或将来有可能实现的愿望

I wish I knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一点合同法(我不知道)

I wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能来(有可能来)

As if / as thought 引导的状语从句(或表语从句)中,常用虚拟语气。

如果从句表示的意思与现在事实相反,谓语动词则应使用过去式;

如果从句表示的意思与过去事实相反,谓语动词则使用had + 过去分词的形式 .

基本句型

主语+ 谓语动词The two-man spaceship took off this morning .

主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语The drilling machine is making a hole .

主语+ 连系动词+ 表语The answer is off the point .

主语+ 谓语动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

The new approach has saved us a great deal of time

主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语We like our guests to feel at home .

常用连词

等立连词:and ,so ,not only ~ but also ,neither ~ now ,or ,otherwise ,either ~ or ,but ,yet ,still ,however ,while ,whereas,for 常用关联词

主从连词that ,whether ,if

连接代词who ,whom ,whose ,what ,where ,which

连接副词when ,where ,why ,how

倒装句

Never ,Scarcely ,hardly ,rarely ,little ,nowhere ,no sooner ~ than ,not only ,in no case ,in no way ,on no accoune ,at no time ,under no circumstances (这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时)

There be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句

Here ,there ,then ,thus 等副词放在句首时,谓语动词为come ,be ,exist ,follow 等不及物动词时,句子一般都为全部倒装Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .

句首为so ,nor ,neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时,句子为倒装

Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister

在虚拟语气中,非真实条件从句中的连词省略时,句子为倒装。这时,倒装到主语前的助动次had ,should 和动词were . Had I left a little earlier ,I would have missed the train

so / nor / neither + 系动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语

表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语,用到装。

He doesn‘t like music . Nor / Neither do I .

在Hardly ~~ when 和No sooner ~~ than 以及Not until 的句型中,由于否定词或否定词组放在句首,主句部分中的主、谓要到装———助动词+ 主语+ 动词原形No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .

直接引语和间接引语

John said ,“ I ‘m going to London with my father .”

John said that he was going to London with his father .

一般疑问句变成以if (whether )引导的宾语从句

He said ,“Have you all understood this passage ?”

He asked the class if they had all understood that passage .

祈使句变为动词不定式,作ask ,tell 等动词的宾语补足语。表示命令时常用tell ,order 等;表示请求时常用ask ,beg 等动词,原句中的don‘t 应变为not .

The manager said to the clerk ,“Be polite to all the clients .”

The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .

如主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来

时态

He says ,“ I am very busy reading the book .”

He says that he is very busy reading the book .

如主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词应发生如下变化:

一般现在时———一般过去时

现在进行时———过去进行时

一般将来时———过去将来时

现在完成时———过去完成时

一般过去时———过去完成时过去完成时不变

直接引语转换成间接引语时,代词一般相应变化如下:

this ——that last week – the week before

therse – those three days ago – three days before

now – then tomorrow – the next day

today – that day next week – the (next )following week

this week – that week here —— there

yesterday – the day before come – go

介词

at 表示确切的时间点或较短暂的一段时间at two o‘clock

in 表示一天中的各部分时间或较长的时间in the morning ,in spring ,

in 1967

on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午on Sunday ,on Monday afternoon durning 表示一段时间,强调时间的延续durning the Summer vacation

at one time 过去有段时间、从前

at the same time 同时

on time 按时

below 表示低于,温度低于多少度

above 表示高于,温度高于多少度

几个形容词修饰一个名词的时候,排列顺序如下:

好坏、美丑等+ 大小、新旧、颜色+ 质地、属性+ 名词

和前缀a- 组成的形容词只能做表语而不能做定语,afraid ,alive ,alike ,alone ,ashamed ,asleep ,awake etc.

非谓语动词

forget to do something 忘了而没有做某事

forget doing something 忘了已做过某事

remember to do something 记住了要去做某事

remember doing something 记得已经做过的事情

stop to do something 停下正做的事情去做别的事情

stop doing something 停下手中正在做的事

go on to do something 接下来做另一件事情

go on doing something 继续做一直在做的事情

动词need ,want ,require 和形容词worth 后,可接动名词的主动形式来表示被动的意义

现在分词的被动式与及物动词的过去分词都表示被动:

前者表示被修饰的名词正在承受的行为The problem being discussed is important 后者表示承受过了的行为The problem discussed yesterday was important .

情态动词

must + have + 过去分词,表示对过去的某事做出肯定性的判断;

must + 动词原形,表示对现在的某事作出肯定性的判断。

Need not + have +过去分词表示过去做了本没有必要做的事情

主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致、就近)

谓语动词用单数:

不定式、动名词或名词性结构从句作主语时;

事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称作主语时;

one ,every ,everyone ,everybody ,each ,one of ,many a ,either ,neither ,no one ,nobody ,anybody ,some body 做主语或修饰主语时;

表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等词语作主语表示总量时;

a person of ,a series of ,a kind of 等表示一个、一种、一系列等词组用来修饰主语时;

集体名次作主语表示一个整体概念时。

谓语动词用复数

both ,few ,many ,several 等词语作主语或修饰主语时;(some 不一定)

形容词前加定冠词用于泛指一类时;

cattle ,people ,police ,clothes 等名词作主语时;由and 连接两个主语时;

a number of 修饰主语时

高考英语语法知识点专题复习—时态及语态

高考英语语法知识点专题复习—时态及语态 时态及语态---基础篇 一.被动语态的时态: 1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词 2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词 3. 一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词 4. 现在进行时的被动语态:am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词 5. 现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词 6. 情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词 二.主动语态变被动语态的变法: 口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓变be done , 时不变,数格必须随被变。 备注: 1. 主动、被动的时态要一致。 2. 主动、被动的句式要一致。 3. 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。 三.特殊情况的被动语态: 1. 带双宾语的被动语态: 动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾) 口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to /for 间宾连。 1). give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。 give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或sth +be given +to sb .

2). buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。 buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book I ______ ______ a book by him. A book ____ ____ _____ me by him . My mother made me a cake . I ____ _____ a cake by my mother A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother . 2. 带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth . 口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去,被动语态to回来。动词:make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the workers work all day The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss. 3. 在see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时,doing不变。 I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now . 4. 以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ . 四.注意事项: 1. 有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态: last, have, own …..belong to, suit…fine, 2. 不及物动词是没有被动语态: happen, take place, appear, hold (容纳)

六年级英语语法知识点汇总

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初中英语语法知识—动词时态的知识点总复习含答案(1)

一、选择题 1.— Who ________the classroom tomorrow, Tony? — Our group. A.will clean B.cleans C.cleaned D.clean 2.—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A.will refuse B.refused C.refuses D.has refuse 3.—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A.am watering B.have watered C.watered D.water 4.— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A.will finish B.have finished C.finish D.finishes 5.It ________ heavily when I left the movie theater. A.rains B.was raining C.is raining D.will rain 6.Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A.will have B.has C.is going to be D.are going to be 7.—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to t he lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A.had done B.was doing C.would do D.am doing 8.Which of the following sentences is correct? A.He came in and sat down. B.We all like . C.When we met. He didn't say hello. D.We went out, headed for the bus stop. 9.Sorry, Jenny isn’t here. She________ up some lights in the garden. A.put B.puts C.is putting D.has put 10.—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road. —Never mind. The meeting________for only 5 minutes. A.has begun B.has stopped C.has been on 11.The Great Wall (长城) ________ long and it ________ a long history (历史). A.has; is B.is; is C.is; has D.have; has 12.Becky took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games. A.play B.are playing C.were playing D.have played 13.—How much is the ticket (票) to Central Park? —One ticket $40, and you can $80 for two persons.

初中考英语八大时态总结

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2、记住了上面三种时态的形式后,可以设想把时间提前至过去,这三种时态的形式就相应地左移一格成为一般过去时:worked (worked是work的过去式);过去进行时was / were + working;过去完成时had + worked (worked是work 的过去分词)。 把时间错后至将来,这三种时态的形式也就相应地右移一格成为 一般将来时: shall / will + work; 将来进行时: shall / will + be working; 将来完成时: shall / will + have worked。(shall仅用于主语是第一人称时,will可用于主语是任何人称时。)当然,根据shall / will 的用法要求,紧随其后的动词或助动词要用原形形式。 简而言之,把这三种现在时态形式左移变成三种过去时态形式,只需把第一个动词变成过去式即可(一般现在时谓语只有一个动词,也可把它看成为第一个动词)。与此类似,过去将来时的变化是在一般将来时的基础上把第一个动词变成过去式。把这三种现在时态形式右移变成三种将来时态形式,只需在前面加一助动词shall / will (紧随其后的动词或助动词用原形形式)即可。 三、英语被动语态形式的记忆(以动词ask为例)

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