初中英语从句知识点总结归纳.doc

宾语从句

一．界说：宾语从句是指在一个语句中充任宾语的语句

如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

二．宾语从句有三种类型：

1．由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that 常可被省略。

例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.

Can’t you see (that) ’I m a bird?

留意：（1）当主句的谓语动词是 think,believe 等时，宾语从句虽然要表明否

定意义，却不必否定方式，而将 think 等动词变为否定方式。如：I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。

（2）两个表明陈说意义的宾语从句并排时，有时省去第一个从句的连词 that，

但第二个从句的连词 that 一般不能够省掉。如：

He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

2.由隶属连词 if 或 whether引导的宾语从句表明“是否（有，能，现已,, ）”

等一般疑问句的意义。

例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.

3.由衔接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which 和衔接副词 when,where,how,why

等引导的宾语从句表明“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，

为什么” 等等特别疑问句的意义。除了衔接词及被润饰的词提早以外，宾语从句

用陈说句语序。

例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.

Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.

三.宾语从句的时态照应：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般

现”

1．当主句是现在时或将来时的时分，宾语从句能够用所需求的任何时态。

2．主句是曩昔时，宾语从句一般只能用曩昔时的某种方式；当从句叙说的是客

观现实或一般真理时，宾语从句依然用现在时态。

3．神态动词 must 一般不必于曩昔时，但却能够用于主句是曩昔时的宾语从句中。

四.宾语从句的语序

1 宾语从句的衔接词后加陈说语序（主语在前，谓语在后）如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow

2 当衔接词自身又是宾语从句的主语时，后边直接加谓语动词如：She asked me who had helped him

状语从句

英语中,润饰动词、形容词、副词等的语句成分叫状语。

状语的功用：状语阐明地址、时刻、原因、意图、成果、条件、方向、程度、方

式和随同状况等，根据状语的功用状语从句可分为：时刻状语从句、原因状语从句、意图状语从句、成果状语从句、条件状语从句。

一．

时刻状语从句：在一个语句中作时刻状语的语句。

时刻状语的衔接词： when（当, 时分） while（当, 时分） as（当, 时分） after （在, 今后） before（在, 曾经） as soon a（s 一, 就） since（自从, 到现在）till /until （直到 , 才） by the time（到, 停止）依旧是衔接词后加陈说语序。

1. when 当, 的时分（一般状况下：主将从现）

I will become a teacher when I grow up

2. while 当, 时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 3. as 在, 的一

起；一边 , 一边,

He smiled as he stood up.

4. after 在, 之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

5. before 在, 之前

Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 6. as soon as 一, 就,

(一般情况下：主将从现)

We began to work as soon as we got there.

I will write to you as soon as I get home.

7. since 自, 以来到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用

现在完成时，从句用一般曩昔时。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago还. 可( 以用

作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago自( 三年前以来)表示。)

8 till /until 直到

都能够作连词，衔接时刻状语，也能够作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中

作状语。

They walked till /until it was dark.

Xiao Ming didn ’t leave home till / until his father came b. ack

9. by the time 到, 为止(所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)

By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.

By the time I got to school, the class had already began.

用法剖析： 1.when, while 和 as的差异

When 引导的从句的谓语动词能够是连续性的动词，又能够是瞬时动词。并且

when有时表明“就在那时”。

例如：When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动

词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

当的住在乡村时，我常常为他担水。（连续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in. 咱们就要脱离，就在那时他进

来了。

While 引导的从句的谓语动作有必要是连续性的，并着重主句和从句的动作一起

产生（或许相对应）。并且 while 有时还能够表明比照。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 我喜爱踢足球，而你喜爱打

篮球。（比照）

As 表明“一边 ,, 一边”，as引导的动作是连续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作一起产生； as也能够着重“一先一后。

例如： We always sing as we walk.咱们总是边走边唱。（as表明“一边,, 一边” ）

As we was going out, it began to snow.当咱们出门时，开端下雪了。（as着重句中

两个动作紧接着先后产生，而不着重开端下雪的特定时刻）

as when while都表明主、从句动作一起产生，三者差异如下：

as

表明“一边。。。一边＂的意思

when

1、还能够表明从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前＂或＂之后＂产生。

2、when＝and then; at that moment 正( 在那个时候)

3.常用于常见调配中

while

1、用于时刻较长时

2、着重两个动作一起进行，并表明比照时

有时这三个连词能够交换，有时不能够。

lt was raining hard when (as) I got there.

我到那里时，正在下大雨。( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，

因为get是点动词.)

When I had read the article, he called me. 我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动

作发生在主句之前，注意时态

表达，只能用when )

When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.

(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用

when,并要注意时态)

He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.

他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达“正在”

“行将” .

while, as不能替代

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my

daughter.

他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as

都不能代替它)

While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police. 外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察

打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，

while 后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长

时间)

Mother was worried becauselittle Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father

was away.

妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while

可通用)

2. 由 till 或 until 引导的时刻状语从句。

till 和 until 一般状况下两者能够交换，可是在着重句型中多用 until。并且要留意

的是：假如主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，有必要用否定方式；假如主句中的谓

语动词是连续性动词时，用必定或否定方式都能够，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I worked until he came back我. 作业到他回来停止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开端作业。

3. 由 since引导的时刻状语从句。

since 引导的从句的谓语动词能够是连续性的动词，又能够是瞬时动词。一般情

况下，从句谓语动词用一般曩昔时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为：

现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多

用一般现在时。例如：

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing我.们老板脱离北京有五个月了。

常识扩展

1. It is ? since 从? .以来多长时刻了

It is five years since we met last time.

2. It is ?+before, (。。。才。。。)

It was a long time before I went to sleep again.

It was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.

二.

原因状语从句：在一个语句中作时刻状语的语句。

衔接词：由连词because, since, a引s导, 也可由 for, now that 等词引导

1.I didn ’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

2. Since everybody is here, let ’s begin ou既r m然e。e。ti。ng.

3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 已然。。。

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.

.用法剖析： because , since , as , fo辨r 析

1）because语势最强，用来阐明人所不知的原因，答复 why 提出的问题。当原因是清楚明了的或已为人们所知，就用 as或 since。

I didn’t go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2）由 because引导的从句假如放在句末，且前面有逗号，则能够用 for 来替代。但假如不是阐明直接原因，而是多种状况加以揣度，就只能用 for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

三、

条件状语从句

连接词：if 如果, unless (=if not) 如果不、除非(让步)

1. If it doesn ’t rain tomorrow, wegowhilliking.

2. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.

3. You will be late unless you leave immediately.

=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.条件状语从句：主将从现.

He will not leave if it isn ’t fine tomorrow.

四、

意图、成果状语从句

意图状语从句是指在一个语句中充任意图状语的语句。

成果状语从句是指在一个语句中充任成果状语的语句

意图状语从句衔接词 so that, so, that , in order that 引导。

成果状语从句衔接词 so, that, such, that, so much/many, that引导。

1. so, that 如此, 以致于

He always studied so hard that he made great progress.

2. so that 以致于, 以便于

I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. 目( 的)

3. such, that 如此, 以致

It ’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.

4. in order that=so that 为了

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your

arrangements.

5.比较：so 和such

其规则由 so 与such的不同词性决议。 such 是形容词，润饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能润饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表明数量的形容词 many, few,

much, little 连用，构成固定调配。

so nice a flower such a nice flower

so many / few flowers such nice flowers

so many people such a lot of people

（ so many 已成固定调配， a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such调配。）

难点

so+形容词或副词so+形+a(an)+单数可数名词

so +many /few+复数可数名词

so +much/ little+不可数名词

so, that与 such, that 皆可引导意图地状语从句和成果状语从句。

The boy is so young that he ca’n t go to school.

He is such a young boy that he ca’n t go to school

so +adj/adv.+ tha，t such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果

so 为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，可数名词前有 many, few；不行数名词前有much, little 修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n.

such 为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。

如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.

五、

退让状语从句退让状语从句是指在语句中作退让的状语的语句

衔接词： though, although.，whether, or not

难点：though, although 当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but 连用. Although/though, but

的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although),

yet(still) 的格式是正确的.

Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.

Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富

有 , 可是他并不高兴 .

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 虽然咱们现已长大

了 ,可是咱们的爸爸妈妈仍把咱们看作小孩 .

although, though 剖析

although不能作并排连词， although不能作副词，放在词尾表明着重时要用 even

though.

1、Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling. 虽然

典型例题

1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.

A. When

B. However

C. Although

D. Unless

2) ever if, even though. 即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

3) whether, or not 不管,, 都Whether you believe

it or not, it is true.

no matter 从句

结构："no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述

语序"

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoeverno matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however留意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

（错）No matter what you say is not useful now.

（对）Whatever you say is not useful now.你现在说什么也没用了。

(Whatever you say是主语从句)

（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what the’y re given,

（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever the’y re given. 罪犯们只能给什么吃什么

定语从句

定语是指在语句中用来润饰名词、代词的成分

定语从句是指在一个语句中作定语的语句，定语从句要放在所润饰的词后

如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

定语从句的衔接词：

1.衔接代词： who、which、whom、whose、that

2.衔接副词： when、where、why

选用连接词的关键是看先行词(定语从句所修饰的名词或代词)

一、衔接代词的选用：

1.who 指人，先行词为人,在从句中做主语

Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom 指人，先行词为人 ,在定语从句中充任宾语，常可省掉。

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

留意：联系代词 whom 在白话和非正式语体中常用 who 替代，可省掉。

3.which 指物，先行词为物 ,在定语从句中做主语或许宾语，做宾语时可省掉

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或许 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句

中做主语或许宾语，做宾语时可省掉。

The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose 一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 ,译成 "...的"

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

指物时，常用以下结构来替代

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of

which is yellow?

介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由

介词+连接代词引导

The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which

he once studied is very famous.

留意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开运用，如： look for, look after, take care

of 等

This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在衔接代词前，衔接代词指人时用 whom，不行用 who 或许 that；指物时用 which，不能用 that；衔接代词是所有格时用 whose

The man with whom you talked is my friend.

The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

3. “介词+连接代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等

代词或许数词

He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities

二、衔接副词的选用：

1. when指时刻，在定语从句中做时刻状语

I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2. where指地址，在定语从句中做地址状语

Shanghai is the city where I was born.

3. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由

“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he

wanted when he grew up.

Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. 三、判断关系代词和关系副词的

方法: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、

谓、宾、定、状)

例1. Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

联系词的挑选根据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语，when时间状语，why 原因状语)

四、介词+连接词用法说明

1）介词后边的联系词不能省掉。2）that 前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换

如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived

two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day

when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he

came late.

五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例：

china is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例：

his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 要留意区别以

下几个语句的不同

his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医师的哥哥常鼓舞他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）

his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医师的，常鼓舞他要考上大学。（他只要一个哥哥）

联系代词as和 which 引导的定语从句

as和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体状况是：1．as和 which 都能够在定语从句中做主语或许宾语，代表前面整个语句。

(1) he married her, as/which was natural.

(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或许主句之后，乃至能够切开一个主句；

which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

其他， as有“正如??，正像?? ”的意思

as is known to all, china is a developing country.

he is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

john, as you know, is a famous writer.

he has been to paris more than several times, which i don't believe. 留意：当主句和从

句存在逻辑上的因果联系时，常用 which

tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受 such, the same润饰时，常用 as

i have never heard such a story as he tells.

he is not such a fool as he looks.

this is the same book as i lost last week.

留意：当先行次由 the same润饰时，偶然也用 that引导定语从句，可是和由 as 所

引导的定语从句意思不同

she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding. 她穿戴她在 mary

婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.

她穿戴和她妹妹所穿的相同的裙子。

以 the way为先行词的定语从句一般由 in which, that 引导，并且一般能够省掉。

the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

but 有时也能够做联系词引导定语从句

there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't ) 定语从句只能

用that 的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little,

some等代词时，或许是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等润饰时

Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

All that can be done has been done.

There is little that I can do for you. 留意：当先行词指

人时，偶然也能够用 who

Any man that/who has a sense of duty won ’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词润饰

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词第一流润饰时

This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被 the very, the only 润饰时

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, 当先行词指

人时，偶然也能够用 who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meetin？g

5. 当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时Who

is the man that is standing there?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或许物体时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

同位语从句

（一）一般来说，在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟

在某些名词之后，用以阐明或解说该名词表明的具体内容。能够跟同位语从句的

名词一般有： advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, wor（d 音讯），problem， question, doubt, thought

等。

They were delighted at the news that their team had won.

有时同位语从句能够不紧跟在被阐明的名词后边，而被其他词离隔。如：

The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.

（二）引导词

1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

2. He hasn ’t made the deci w si h o n ether he will go there.

3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.

4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.

5. We haven’ytet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer

vacation this year.

6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.

7. I have no idea when he will be back．

小结：① that 引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充任任何成分，但一般不能够省

略，如句1；

② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，一般不能用 if 来替代, 如句 2;

③ 衔接代词 who, what 等能够引导同位语从句，如句 3， 4；

④ 衔接副词 where, how, when等能够引导同位语从句，如句 5，6，7。(三) that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句

① 意义不同：同位语从句用来进一步阐明前面名词的内容；而定语从句用来修

饰、限制前面的先行词。试比较：

1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.

2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.

② that 的功用不同：that 引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充任任何成分；而

引导定语从句时，不只起衔接效果，并且还指代先行词并在从句中充任主语、宾

语等成分。试比较：

1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.

2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children.

③ 可否省掉： that 在引导同位语从句时，一般不行省掉。在引导定语从句时，

若在从句中作宾语，一般能够省掉，若作主语则不能够省掉。

主语从句

1 由连词 that 引导的主语从句 : 引导词 that 无意义,在句中不做成分 ,不能够省。

That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想取得奖牌看起来是不行能的。

2 用连词whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可

以省。

Whether she is coming or not doesn ’t matter too much.

她来不来都无关紧要。

3 用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what,

whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其衔接代词在句

中起名词性作用，担当一定成分).

What you need is more practice.

你所需求的是更多的练习。

Whatever we do is to serve the people.

咱们不管做什么都是为公民服务。

4 用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句

中作状语。)

Where we should leave it is a problem.

留意

1. it 做方式主语,而将主语从句放在句末（尤其是当谓语较短时）。

That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.

众所周知光沿直线传播。

((当 what 引导的主语从句表明“?的东西”时，一般不必 it 作方式主语。 ))

错:It is a book what he wants.

对:What he wants is a book.他想要的是本书。

固定用法和译法

（1）It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that 现实?是??

It is good news that ?是好?消?息

It is a question that 是?个问?题?

It is common knowledge that ?是常?识?

相似的名词还有： a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。（2）It is +形容词+从句

It is necessary that 有必要???

It is clear that 很清?楚??

It is likely that 很可能???

It is important that 重要?的是??

相似的形容词还有： strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible;

unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting;

astonishing, etc.

（3）It is +过去分词+从句

It is said that 听说???

It is reported that ?据报道??

It has been proved that 已证?明??

It must be proved that 有必要?指出??

相似的曩昔分词还有： known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,。etc.

当“及物动词+宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。

It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.

让我吃惊的是彼得没有告知任何人他在哪里。

2.只用 whether不必 if 引导主语从句 .

表语从句

一. 在复合句中作表语的从句, 就叫做表语从句。表语从句一般放在系动词之后,

结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。

连系动词：be动词、表示持续的系动词（keep, remain, stay）、感官动词feel(摸

起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等、表示变

化的系动词（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go）, 、表终止的系动词prove, turn out(结

果是，证明是)、seem, appea（r 看起来···）

连系动词一般不必于被动语态和进行时态中。

He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他现已成为了

他 10 年前想成为的。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.

他的主张是，咱们应该坚持镇定。

二．表语从句的引导词

1.隶属连词： that / whether /as if /as though/as/because

(1) that 引导表语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，

一般不能省掉。

That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth ’s surface is covered by wate衔接词that 一般不能省掉，但当主句中含动词do的某种方式时， that 能够省掉。

What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身

边去感谢他。

(2) whether引导表语从句表示“是否”但, 不充当句子的成分。

The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.

if 与whether均意为“是否”，但引导表语从句时，只能用whether, 不能用if 。

(3)as if/though 好像“”，引导表语从句时要注意语态.

假如句中的状况与现实不相符，从句多用虚拟口气。假如从句表明与现在现实相

反,谓语动词用一般曩昔式；假如从句表明与曩昔现实相反时,谓语动词要用“h ad

+过去分词”，如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might ,could )+动词

原形.

Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. (现在事实相

反)

The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to

the moon many times. （与曩昔现实相反）

It looks as if it might rain . （与将来现实相反）

可是，假如as if/though引导的表语从句所表明的与现实相符，从句则用陈说口气。

The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.

(4) as引导表语从句

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

他看起来还与十年前相同。

(5) because引导表语从句

常用结构：This/That/It is/was because····

That is because I don ’t like Chinese.

2.衔接代词：

who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever，在表语从句

中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Tom is no longer what he used to be. (wha做t 表语)

The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主语)

This is what I want to tell you. (what做宾语)

The problem is whose work is the best. (whos做e 定语)

3.衔接副词： when/where/how/why，在表语从句中做状语。

The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。The question is where we can live.问题是咱们能住在哪儿。

留意

一． reason做主语或主语中包括事情的起因时,后边的表语从句表明原因时要用

that来引导,而不必 because；why引导主语从句做主语时，表语从句用 that引导，不必 because。

The reason is that he got up late.

Why he is late is that he got up late.

二. that is why/because

(1) That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于

针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。That is the reason why ..与. That is why ...是同

义的，“这便是??的原因 /因而?? ”，可是从语法结构上讲That is the reason

why ...中的why引导的是一个定语从句。

That is why she failed to pass the exam.

那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)

That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam.

那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在定语从句中充当原因状语)

(2) That is because··句型·中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也

是个常用句型，意为“这便是因为?? ”。

That is because I got up late.这是因为我起床迟了。

(3) “That is because与...“Tha”t is why...之间的”不同在于“That is because.指.. 原因”

或理由，“That is why...则指”因为各种原因所形成的成果。

I was angry. That was because he didn ’t und我er生sta气n是d m因e为. 他不理解我。

((表语从句着重原因 ))

That ’s why he got fired from that firm那.正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表语从句强调

结果)

三. The reason (why ?/for ?)is /was that ·?的·. 原·因是····

The reason for his absence is that he got up late.

The reason why he is absent is that he got up late.

他缺席的原因是他起床迟了。

四. 运用虚拟口气的表语从句

在表明主张、劝说、指令、方案意义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should++

动词原形”表明虚拟口气， should可省掉。常见的词有： advice，suggestion，order，reques，t proposal，plan，idea等。

My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.