英语数词讲解

英语数词讲解
英语数词讲解

英语数词讲解

数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。

一、基数词

1. 基数词就注意以下几点:

(1)几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。eg:eighty-five 85twenty-six 26

(2)三位数的基数词须在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间用and连接。

eg:three hundred and sixty-five 365 two hundred and six 206 (3)基数词的复数形式。

当基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时,必须用单数。

eg:several hundred year's ago几百年前

two thousand students两千个学生

当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用,表示不具体、不准确的数目时,词尾须加-s。

eg:thousands of students millions of trees.

2. 基数词的特殊用法:

(1)表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时,用逢十的基数词的复数形式。eg:in the 1990's 20世纪90年代

in one's twenties在某人20多岁时

(2)用在习语中。eg:in twos and threes三三两两地

(3)表示事物的编号

基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写;序数词放到名词的前面,加定冠词。

第一课Lesson 1/ the first lesson Row 3/ the third row

二、序数词

序数词变化规则:基数词变为序数词时,一般在基数词后加

词尾-th,但还有几个需特殊记忆(一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数各位序,th最后加上去。)eg: one→

two→three→five→twelve→

eight→nine→twenty→twenty-one→

序数词应注意的几点事项:

1. 多位数的基数词变成序数词时,只需将末位基数词变成序数

词,前边的基数词不变。

eg:forty-two 42→forty-second第42

nine-hundred 900→ nine-hundredth第900

2. 当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时,必须在数字后加上序数词的最

后两个字母。

eg:21st 第21 32nd 第32

3. 序数词前一般要用定冠词the,如果序数词前用a或an时,则表示“又一;再一”(没有具体范围的限制)。

eg: Though he had failed twice,he wanted to try a third time.

尽管他已失败了两次,他还想再试一次。

The little monkey had had three apples,and he wanted to

eat a fourth one.

那只小猴子已经吃了3个苹果,他还想再吃一个。

三. 数词的用法

(一)表示事物的编号

基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写;序数词放到名词的前面,加定冠词。Eg:第一课Lesson 1/ the first lesson.

第三排Row 3/ the third row

(二)年、日、时刻表达方法。

“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词,前要加定冠词。读的顺序是月日年。

Eg:1999年5月2日读作:May the second, nineteen ninety。

“时刻”用基数词表达,同时要注意以下两点。

? 1.表示“整点”时,在基数词后加o’clock;

Eg. 9:00 o’clock.

? 2.分钟小于或等于30分钟的,用“分钟数+past+钟点数”形式;分钟数大于30分钟的,用“到下一个钟点所差的分钟数+to+下一个钟点数”形式,也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数。

?7:20 twenty past seven或seven twenty.

?注意两个特殊的表示时间的单位词:30分钟用half,15分钟用a quarter,eg:6:30 读作:half past six

5:45 读作:a quarter to six

6:15 读作:a quarter past six

(三)、分数和百分数

1. 分数

(1)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。

eg: one fifth五分之一one tenth十分之一

(2)当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数。

eg:two thirds三分之二five eighths八分之五

(3)当分子是1时,可以用one也可以用a.

eg: a second = one second a third = one third

(4)当分母是2和4时,分别可以用half和quarter代替。eg: a half二分之一three quarters四分之三

2. 百分数百分数用percent表示。

eg: forty percent百分之四十three percent百分之三

3. 分数、百分数与主谓一致

注意:分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。

eg: ①Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。

②Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in

English.我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。

③Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.

地球上三分之二的水是海水。

(四)、倍数的表示法

1. 表示“几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由“倍数+ the size(length,amount……)”结构组成。

eg: The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.

2. 表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级+ than +被比较部分”结构组成。

eg: This box is three times bigger than that one.

3. 表示“……是……倍”,由“倍数+ as +形容词+ as +被比较部分”结构组成。

eg: Our factory is twice as big as theirs.

(五)“基数词-名词-形容词”结构

?“基数词-名词-形容词”只能用来放到名词前作定语。如:?She is a 3-year-old girl.

?They live in a 7-storey-high building.

?注:这种结构中名词不能用复数,同时只能作定语。用作表语时,不用连字符,名词有复数。如:

?Tony is 10 years old this year.

?Tony is a 10-year-old boy.

*学以致用*

1. —What’s the time, please?—It’s _______.

A. nine thirty-five

B. forty-eight past six

C. fifty-five to four

D. thirty-one two

2. January is _______ month of the year.

A. one

B. the one

C. first

D. the first

3. There are _______ days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five

B. three hundred and sixty-five

C. the third hundred sixty-five

D. third hundred and sixty-five

4. The computer was cheap. I spent only two___ yuan on it.

A. thousands

B. thousand

C. thousands of

D. thousand of

5. Please look at the following four pictures and write a

_______ story about them.

A. one-hundred-word

B. one-hundred-words

C. one-hundreds-word

D. one-hundreds-words

6. —On which floor do you live?

—The _______ floor, and my room number is _______.

A. fifth; five zero two

B. fifth; five zero second

C. five; five zero second

D. five; five zero two

7.In our city people have moved into their new houses.

A. thousand

B. thousands

C. thousands of

D. many thousand

8. Now children, turn to page _______ and look at the _______

picture in Lesson Two.

A. twentieth, one

B. twenty, one

C. twentieth, first

D. twenty, first

9. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a ___ one.

A. three

B. third

C. forth

D. /

10. About___ of the students in our class are League members.

A. four-fifths

B. four-fifth

C. four-fives

D. four-fifths

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