英语交替传译速记符号

英语交替传译速记符号
英语交替传译速记符号

总体上来说,口译速记符号主要有以下几类 :

A 保留大写字母或第一音节

经济: E 教育: Edu 文化: C 政治: P 科技: ST 卫生: H

旅游: T 环境: En 工业: I 农业: A

B .简写缩略

AFAC : as far as … is concerned( 就……而言 )

LFT : look forward to ( 期待 )

ASAP : as soon as possible( 尽快 )

C .图象

⊕高兴,同意,满意等,如: happy , pleased , satisfied , agree…

◎悲伤,生气,不满,不同意等,如:

sad , angry , irritated , unsatisfied , sorrowful , discomfort , disagree…

⊙会议,如 conference , meeting , seminar , symposium…

□国家,地区,如:中国:□ C ,俄国:□ R

D.符号

﹢高兴,男性,同意,增加等,如

happy , male , agree , many , +2=more , +3=most , beneficial , good , beautiful , great , gorgeous…-悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等,如

sad , female , disagree , little , few , -2=less , -3=least , lack of , short of…

√同意,正确等,如: agree , correct , right…

×不同意,错误等,如: disagree , incorrect…

↑增长,进步等,如: increase , soar , mushroom , rocket , make progress…

↓下降,退步,恶化等,如 decrease , sink , slide , subside , plump , plunge , drop , degrade ,deteriorate…

>多于,超过,比……低一级等,如: more than , greater than , begger than , better than , superior to , surpass ,transcend , overtake…

<少于,比……低级等,如: less than , lower than , smaller than , inferior to…

~大约,如: approximately , about , around , some , nearly , almost , similar to…

/否定,清除,如: clear , settle , solve , tackle , conquer , eliminate , extinct…

≠与……不同,如: differ from , different from , distinct , unique…

$ 金钱,利益,如: interest , benefit , money , fund , capital…

E.标点

? 问题,麻烦,障碍,如: question , issue , difficult , hardship , barrier , obstacle…

: 主观想法和说辞,如: think , consider , speak , say , talk , mark , announce , declare , hope ,例:repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代,声明支持可以用 + :来替代,谴责用 - :

。表时间前后,如去年。 y ,明年 y 。,后天 d 。。,前天。。 d ,两周后 w 。。

现列举一个段落来进行一下速记的说明:

女士们,先生们,尊贵的来宾们:

今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎,希望你们在今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。

新东方口译的速记符号系统是这样的:

-/+ , VIP ,

d ,⊕代 BJ Uni all wel US Edu del

e , :w 。。,⊕□ C

四、数学符号

+ 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.

++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级:more

+3 表示“多”的最高级:most

-表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.

×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect,something

bad,notorious,negative, etc.

> 表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

表示“高”概念:superior to,surpass, etc.

< 表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc.

表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc.

= 表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal

to, etc.

表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.

( ) 表示“在......之间”:among, within, etc.

≠表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.

表示“无敌”概念:matchless, peerless, etc.

~表示“大约”概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.

/ 表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.

五、标点等

: 表示各种各样“说”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.

? 表示“问题”:question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?

. (dot) 这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。“y”表示this year, “y2.” two year later“next

week”, 可以表示为“wk.”

∧表示转折

√表示“好的“状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.

表示“同意”状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative,

etc.

☆表示“重要的”状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc. n 表示“交流”状态:exchange,mutual, etc.

& 表示“和”,“与”:and,together with,along with, accompany,along

with,further more,etc.

‖表示“结束”:end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.

六、较长单词的处理办法

-ism 简写为 m 例如:socialism Sm

-tion 简简写为 n 例如:standardization (标准化) stdn

-cian 简简写为 o 例如:technician techo

-ing 简写为 g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg

-ed 简写为 d 例如:accepted acptd

-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如:available avbl

-ment 简写为 mt 例如:amendment amdmt -ize 简写为 z 例如:recognize regz

-ful 简写为 fl 例如:meaningful mnfl

速记符号汇总

口译笔记速记符号归总 [1] Note-taking symbols and abbreviations [2] 关于缩略词 [3] 关于字母和图像 [4] 用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters.

专四听力常用速记符号

专四听力常用速记符号 c.f. : compare e.g. : example dept: department max: maximum min: minimum bkgd: background gvt : government // : parallel <---:as a result / consequence of --->: resulting in = : equal to / same as *: important msg: message std: standard rcv: receive wk: week rm: room ad: advertisement z: people/person co: company etc: and so on esp: especially ie: that is ≈: about, approximate, or so, ↑: increase↓: decrease∈:belong V: victory ↗: development >< conflict, confrontation <<: difficulty ⊙: conference, meeting ∞: communication⊥: disagreement, discrepancy ∽: in stead of △: stand for ?:question ∧: but, however ( ):among, within, etc tm: time ∵: by reason that, because, owing to, inasmuch as; on the score of; in so much as; considering that; now that ∴: therefore, so; consequently + : many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. (++(+2):more, +3:most) -: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. ×:wrong/incorrect,something bad √: right/good >:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, superior to,surpass, etc. <:less/smaller,inferior to,etc. =: means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc. ::say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. . (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later "next week", 可以表示为"wk." & :and,together with,along with,accompany,further more,etc. 1

口译笔记速记符号归总(二)

口译笔记速记符号归总(二)

一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people F根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve

ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you

口译笔记速记符号归总

口译笔记速记符号归总 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare),Co(company),eg(for example),etc(and so on),esp(especially),ie(that is),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。 in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics

英语听力速记符号张腾归纳

英语听力速记符号张腾总结

1.表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc. 2.表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 3.表示屈服:submit to 1.表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc. 2.表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate 1.表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc. 2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc. 3.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,promote, etc 表示“波折”:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. 常用速记数学符号汇编 +表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2)表示“多”的比较级:more +3表示“多”的最高级:most -表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. ×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念: wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious, negative, etc. > 1.表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

口译记录材料速记符号归总及其记录材料技巧窍门

主要内容 1 Note-taking symbols and abbreviations 2缩略词 3字母、图像 4箭头 5数学符号 6标点 技巧 一. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math ——these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department

Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition

高中英语听力技巧与常用词汇

高考英语听力技巧 在考场上,要注意以下几点: 1、不要抓每一个字,即不要奢望听懂每一个字,没有必要,也不可能。要做到对内容的整体理解。 2、拿到卷子的第一件事,就是抓紧时间阅读试题选项,建立预期,预测谈话大致内容。 3、短对话,答案多在第二个人说话中出现;长对话,短文听力,要先抓住开头的前几句,这一般是主 旨题的答案所在,而结尾处往往会再次呼应。中部往往是细节题。 4、抓中心词,两次以上连续重复出现,对应某一题干选项中的答案,一定要提高警惕。 5、遇到数字和时间等信息,要随手记笔记,有助于选项中的数字听力题答案的准确无误。 6、听完回忆对话内容时,运用归纳、推理或计算等方法,用已知导出未知。 最重要的先把前面10道只读一遍的题目看清楚.这里是最容易错的地方.最重要的一点是你要把它当平时 做练习一样缓解紧张的心情. 第一题没听清楚,第二题开始放的时候就要注意先把第一道放一边不管.千万不能影响后面听题的状态. 最重要一点,听完犹豫的时候千万不要去修改自己已经选择好的题目,第一感觉往往是最准的. 1、识别关键词的技巧 1).透露说话人身份的关键词 如果考生可以通过关键词很快判断对话者的关系和身份,将有助于考生有目的地集中注意力,并在脑海中搜索相关背景知识,进一步加深对听力材料的理解。 ,Kay. I remember in high school, you always wanted to be a 例如:I just can’t believe you are a police officer lawyer. 如果考生意识到该对话中的关键词为in high school,那么他马上可以意识到这是两个老同学之间的对话。 guide you all the way 又例如:Good morning, ladies and gentlemen . W elcome to Universal Studio. I’d like to in the amazing park and share the wonderful moments with you. 这段话的关键词是guide, park,从中考生可以推断说话人是导游。 以下是常见的对话者关系: Husband——wife /teacher——student /Boss——employee /waiter——customer Doctor——patient /parents——kid /Classmates roommates Shop assistant——customer 2).透露地点/场合的关键词 考生要善于捕捉听力材料中的关于地点或场合(即语言环境)的关键词,也有助于他们判断听力材料的主 题、说话人之间关系等等。以下是有关机场或者旅馆的关键词: Check in入住登记check out结账porter搬luggage行李book a room预定房间double room双人房passenger 乘客economy class经济舱business class公务舱runway跑道passport护照flight航班stewardess乘务员3).捕捉数字 许多听力材料中涉及数字,例如年代、日期、价格、数量等等,并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、 百分比等形式出现,这就要求考生辨别各种形式的数字,还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如: 减价:20% off,special offer,special price,25% discount,sale 原价:regular price,normal price 增长:10% increase in…1/3 climb in……  下降:23% fall in…5.5% decrease in…  听力速记技巧 1).运用速记符号 例如:↑up↓down←left→right=equal 2).发明并运用字母的缩写形式 考生可以在平时训练时,本着便于记忆、快速、容易联想的原则,发明一些只需自己明白的字母搭配来 表示相应的信息。例如:

英语口译技巧

尽管每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的,同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号,同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思,但是通行的原则还是存在的,活用这些原则,那会让你在口译的过程中如虎添翼…… 在听力活动中,笔记是一个辅助我们记忆的非常有效的工具。 对于专业的口译译员来说,口译笔记的作用是帮助他们还原刚刚听到的内容。而对于同学们来说其最大的作用则是在我们做题的时候帮助我们记录并最终理清语言材料之间的逻辑关系,还原具体信息细节。 在听力练习当中,题目经常是在一大段语言材料播放完毕之后才出现,由于人记忆能力的局限这个时候很多本来已经听懂的内容已经无法被我们回忆起来,造成了信息模糊、信息丢失,以至于无法完成题目。而笔记可以有效地弥补人短时记忆的缺陷,掌握一点英语口译者们常用的笔记法,你会发现这些“专业人士”所谓的“高端技能”,对于普通的学习者来说同样有很大意义,可以帮助我们在一般的听力考试中游刃有余。 英语笔记法的适用前提——听力过关(五大支柱),听懂是做笔记的前提条件,如果听都没有听懂,又怎么可能去记?再好地记录能力都不可能创造信息本身。 下面举例说明听力笔记的一些技巧: 1、不要大量记录文字(汉字、单词) ——而要使用符号来表示意思(缩写、图形) Eg:“powerful country”记作“强口”, “我同意”记作“I√ ”; “观点,看法一致”记作“⊙ same”, “economic development”记作“经↑” ↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等” ↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”; ↗表示“缓慢上升,缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”; ←表示“返回,倒退等”; →表示“达到,至,导致,前进等”; +表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”; —表示“减少,减”; >表示“多于,大于,强于”; <表示“少于,小于,不如”; ∵表示“因为,由于”; ∴表示“所以,因此”; =表示“等于,相同,与……相同”。 t表示thousand; m表示million; b表示 billion; 1st表示first。 2、不要横着写:

英语听写速记符号

英语速记符号 一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO : information INS : insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK: week RM: room PL: people F根据发音

R :are THO: though THRU: through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT :Apartment ACC: Accountant ACDG :According ACPT: Accept AD :Advertisement ADS :Address ADV: Advice AMAP :As much/many as possible AMT: Amount APV :Approve ASAP :As soon as possible BAL :Balance BLDG :Building CERT Certificate CFM :Conform CNCL :Cancel

CNF: Conference CMI :Commission CMP :Complete CMPE :Compete/competitive CMU :Communication CONC :Concern/concerning/concerned COND :Condition CO. :Company DEPT: Department DISC :Departure EXCH: Exchange EXPLN: Explain EXT: Extent FLT :Final FRT: Freight FYR :For your reference GD :Good GUAR :Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO :Information IMPS :Impossible IMP(T): Important

口译笔记速记符号归总(一)

口译笔记速记符号归总(一)

口译笔记速记符号归总(一) 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology

英语听力速记符号

1.表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc. 2.表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 3.表示屈服:submit to 1.表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc. 2.表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate 1.表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc. 2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc. 3.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,promote, etc 表示“波折”:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. 常用速记数学符号汇编 +表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2)表示“多”的比较级:more +3表示“多”的最高级:most -表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. ×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect, something bad,notorious,negative, etc. > 1.表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 2.表示“高” 概念:superior to,surpass, etc. < 1.表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc. 2.表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc. =1.表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc. 2.表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( )表示“在......之间”:among, within, etc. ≠1.表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.

实用口译笔记符号(完美打印版)

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英语口译速记符号

英语口译速记符号 ∵因为;由于;because;due to;thanks to; ∴所以;因此;as a result;consequently; =相同;也就是;相当于;that is to say;similar to; ≠不同;差距;相差;difference;disparity; ≈大约;接近;about;nearly;approximately; >大于;超过;more than;exceed;surpass;superior to <小于;低于;less than;lower than;inferior to +加上;另外;加强; -减去;扣除;接近(某个数字);minus;deduct from;except;÷除了,后面以加逗号与否来区分except和apart from ↗上升;增长;increase;grow; ↘下降;减少;decrease;decline;drop √正确的;好的;积极的;correct;nice;positive;affirmative; 改善;完善;improve; ×错误的;不好的;负面的;mistake;negative;notorious ?疑问;询问;是否;question;ask;inquiry;whether; !危险;警告;值得注意;dangerous;warning;notice; {包括;包含;including;containing; :认为;觉得;看法;think;believe;in my view; …大量的;很多的;一系列的;可持续的;a lot of;a series of; 【在…期间;在…的过程中;during;in the process of; ∥但是;然而;but;however;neverthless;

partC英语听力速记技巧

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口译笔记符号大汇总

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英语口译笔记速记符号大全 一.缩写词: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time 1.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S= sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word.

pol= politics dem= democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons= conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc= associate biol = biology info=information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro= introduction conc = concentration min= minimum rep = repetition

英语速记符号汇总

一、缩略词(缩略词的写法一般为四种方式)拿掉所有元音 MKT market MGR manager MSG message STD standard RCV receive 保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange IOU I owe you I/O In stead of 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people 根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concern ed COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T)Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT Obtain ORD Ordinary PAT Patent PC Piece PKG Packing PL People PLS Please POSN Position

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