汉英翻译每周练习讲解.doc

汉英翻译每周练习讲解

一

1.人类有史以来不断改变自然环境，以改善自

己的生活方式。人类借助技术工具改变了地

球的许多自然特征。 20世纪飞速发展的工业

经济给人类带来了高度发达的物质文明，但

人类也在重重危机之中，环境问题已经从局

部的小范围发展成地区性的甚至全球性的

问题。现在，就让我们一起来了解当今世界

正面临着的十大环境问题。

众多的环境问题，已经对人类提出了十分严峻的挑战，这是涉及人类能否在地球上继续生存、继续发展的挑战，人类不能回避，更不能听之任之，贸然对待。越来越严格的伐木限制、越来越小心的渔民、越来越多的生态社区、越来越先进的火力发电、越来越环保的能源技术、越来越普及的太阳能。人类必须、也只有人类能够找到自己的出路。

Since time immemorial, via techniques and

tools mankind has been endlessly morphing

the natural environment into what can fit

its lifestyles, and due to which great changes have taken place on earth ’s

landscapes. In 20 century, rapid development of industrial economy brought

about a highly-developed material civilization, while at the same time —— environmental problems too which amid countless crises, developed from the

local to the regional and even global level. Now let ’s acquaint ourselves with the top

ten global environmental problems, which together with the rest of the problems are

posing great threats to human beings. It ’s

a matter of whether we can continue our living on earth and a matter of sustained development which we can neither dodge nor

let go unchecked or deal with hastily. Lumbering is facing increasingly significant restrictions and fishermen are

getting more concerned with local environment while fishing. More and more eco-communities spring up; thermal power generation is becoming more and more advanced, energy technologies more and more

environmental-friendly;solar power is getting ubiquitous. Mankind and mankind only can find its own way out.

2.冰糖葫芦是中国传统美食，由山楂作主料蘸

上熬好的冰糖，酸甜冰爽。圆溜溜的红山楂

一颗颗串在竹签上，象征幸福和团圆。传统

的冰糖葫芦只用山楂作原料，但如今冰糖葫

芦品种既多又新颖，人们喜欢的任何水果、甚

至蔬菜，都可以制作。比如：草莓、橘子、葡

萄、猕猴桃、山药、小西红柿等。本期工坊将

教您制作冬日美食冰糖葫芦，如果您身边还

有其他蔬果食材，都可以同理制作哦，一起试

试吧！

Taking on a sour-sweet flavour, candied

haws are a traditional Chinese snack which,

using haws as its main ingredient by

skewering them on a bamboo stick, syrup-

coated, embodies happiness and reunion.

Compared to the traditional ones which only

take haws as the raw

material, today ’s ‘candied haws’ are

not only novel but diverse as any kind

of fruits and even vegetables, such as

strawberries 、tangerines 、grapes 、kiwi fruits 、 yams and tomatoes, can be produced into them. Today’s workshop will teach you how to make candied haws—the ‘Cuisine of Winter ’. If you have any other fruits and vegetables at hand, you can repeat the same procedure.

So let ’s do it!

3.在泉州流传着这样一个故事，一个学者偶然

到泉州考察，走进一个石头砌成的公共厕

所，猛然低头看见右脚踩着一块千年石碑，

左脚踩着刻着梵文的某个遗址。他惊诧着跑了出来，一路狂奔到佛教圣地开元寺，一抬头，看到寺内仿木石塔上雕刻的是印度教神

灵，而这庙宇竟然是用皇帝才能用的 99根盘龙柱建成的。这样的描述在泉州并非传说，

一条短短的涂门街，左手是道教的关帝庙，

隔墙就是伊斯兰教清真寺，而斜对面却保留

着印度教的遗址。在泉州的海外交通博物馆里还能见到许多类似的雕刻：佛教僧侣脚踏道教祥云，长着基督教天使翅膀，手持东正教十字架，穹顶是印度教花纹。可以说这些世界主要宗教教派，甚至早已消失的神秘宗教摩尼教的遗址都在泉州完好地保存下来，形成了独特的文化现象。南宋著名思想家朱熹游历泉州时曾不禁感慨“此地古称佛国，满地皆是圣人”。

3. In Quanzhou circulates such a story

that a scholar on an occasional visit to Quanzhou, walked into a public toilet

built out of stone, and suddenly found

while looking down his right foot on a

piece of the millennium monument, the

left on a site engraved with Sanskrit. Surprised, he ran out - all the way to

the Kaiyuan Temple Buddhist shrine where he looked up and saw the Hindu gods carved on the wood-like temples which constituted 99 dragon-entwining stone pillars exclusive to emperors. Such a

description is not mythology in Quanzhou. On the left of short Tumen Street is a Taoist temple – the Temple

of Guan Yu; next to it is a Muslim mosque while diagonally across the street lie

the relics of Hinduism. Overseas Transport Museum in Quanzhou displays plenty of similar carvings - Buddhist

monks whose feet on Taoism clouds, with a long Christian angel wings, holding Orthodox cross, and the dome taking on Hinduism patterns. We can say that the remains of the world's major religious denominations including even the long-gone mysterious religion - Manichaeism are well preserved in Quanzhou, which is a unique cultural phenomenon. Famous thinker of Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi, after travelling Quanzhou, cannot help feeling "here since ancient times has been known to be Buddhist country, and all over the place

are saints."

4.这两天，因为母亲生病住院的事搞得我焦头

烂额，心情正不爽时，学校的职称评定又下

来了，一看，自己报的一级师资没有通过，

可小陈却评上了。家里的事学校的事搅得我

心烦气躁，工作情绪也大受影响，很有一种

想找个人发泄一番才过瘾的劲头。

这天晨读，刚走进教室，发现一个学生在调皮捣蛋。我忍住心头怒火，勒令他把作业拿出来，果不出我所料，没有按时完成。本来心情不好的我一下子焦躁起来，正在此时，教务主任在窗户外叫我，我才控制住了情绪。

我以自己心情不好，身体不适为由请了三天假。这三天里，除了陪母亲，我更多地调理自己的心情，努力让自己快乐起来，同时也想到自己之所以比不过小陈，自然有自己的不足之处，但我相信自己有能力赶超他！假后重新走上讲台，我的心态已完全调整过来了。工作劲头也焕然一新，年底，我被评为优秀教师，为来年评职称增加了一道“保险杠”。

These two days, I was badly battered by that

my mother was ill in hospital and to make

things worse, I failed the eligibility appraisal of First-level Teachers while my colleague Chen should have passed it. Those nuisances at school and home upset me devastatingly and my job morale was impacted also, which plunged me into the thirst for

venting my spleen on someone.

Today, during morning reading class, the minute I walked into the classroom, a mischievous student pissed me off. While holding my temper, I demanded to check his homework. As I had expected, he didn ’t finish it. I was just about to lose my cool

while I heard the dean calling me from outside through the window.

I, on grounds of bad mood, asked for three

days off, during which time, besides staying in company with my mother, I spent more time adjusting myself, trying to cheer myself up. At the same time, I thought I had certain shortcomings and that ’s why I was not as

good as Chen. But also, I believed I would

catch up with him. With a completely different

state of mind, I returned to the podium after the

break. By the end of this

year, with a renewed enthusiasm for work,I

was entitled the “Excellent Teacher ” , a ticket

for the future appraisals.

5.“中华牌楼”可以称得上是海外唐人街最具标

志性的建筑，其多建于宫苑、寺观、祠堂、街

道路口等地，常被称为“文化迎宾门” 。有

牌楼的地方，总有唐人街形影相随。走进旧

金山唐人街，街上的建筑物顶端、街灯和电

话亭都状如宝塔，勾画出典型的中国氛

围。 10月 4日，美国规划协会公布了 2013

年十佳社区、十佳街道和十佳公共场所。旧

金山中国城在十佳社区中排名首位。据报

道，尽管历经 1906年大地震等种种问题，

中国城始终完好保持其独特文化特质。

"Chinese Archway" can be regarded as

overseas Chinatown's most iconic building,

mostly built in the imperial gardens,

temples, shrines, street intersections

and other places, and often called the

"welcome door." Where there is an archway, where there is always a Chinatown. Into San Francisco's Chinatown, the top of the street buildings, street lights and telephone

booths are shaped like a pagoda, projecting a typical Chinese atmosphere.

October 4th, the American Planning Association announced the 2013 Top Ten

Communities, Top Ten Streets and Top Ten Public Places. San Francisco ’s Chinatown topped the Top Ten Communities. According to reports, although undergoing the 1906 earthquake and other problems, Chinatown has kept

intact its unique cultural identity all along.

6.中国电影市场规模正在迅速扩大。据联合国

教科文组织统计机构的统计，预计到 2020

年，中国电影票房收入将达到 128亿美元

（约合人民币 783.35 亿元），有望超过美国

跃居世界首位。在中国的地方城市，购物顺

带看电影的生活方式正在逐渐普及。虽然仍

存在种种问题，但中国市场的吸引力势必会

进一步提高。

据联合国教科文组织统计研究所发布的报告

《新兴市场与电影产业数字化》推算，中国到

2020年将在票房收入方面跃居世界第一。 2025 年将超过 200亿美元，比美国高出 50%。中国

正在迅速缩小与目前一枝独秀的美国的

差距。报告显示，美国在截至2011年的5年里票房收入仅增长了7%，而中国则增长了5倍。

在这一期间，日本增长了 60%左右。 2012年中国超越日本，成为世界票房收入的第二位。中国的观影人次已经达到原来的2倍，而电影票单价也达到 3倍。

The Chinese film market scale is expanding rapidly. According to the statistics agency of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, by 2020, China’s film box office revenue will reach $ 12.8 billion (about 78.335 billion yuan), expected to surpass the United States and rank first in the world. Amid China ’ s local cities, shopping-and-movie is becoming more common. Although there are still problems, but the attractiveness of the Chinese market is bound to be further improved.

According to the report released by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, titled Emerging markets and film industry digitization, by 2020, China will rank first in the world in terms of box office revenue which by 2025 will be over 20 billion US

dollars, 50 percent higher than in the United States.

China is rapidly narrowing the gap with the“ solo thrivingUnited” States. The report shows that the United States within 5 years by the end of 2011ended up with 7% growth while China 500%. During this period, an increase of around 60% occured in Japan. In 2012 China overtook Japan to become the second in the world box office revenue. China's viewing trips has reached 2 times the original, and movie tickets up to 3 times the unit price.

7.我们说一个姑娘漂亮不漂亮，首先得看她的

眼睛漂亮不漂亮。“新汉学计划”是孔子学

院的眼睛。孔子学院办得好不好，有没有档

次，有没有水平，就看我们这个孔子学院新

汉学计划执行得怎么样。这个项目对我们的

影响力来说，对我们的可持续发展来说非常

关键。这方面我们今年已经取得了不小的进

展，但是我们还是要强调，不管是招博士生

也好，还是招短期来访的青年领袖也好，都

要适合当地的需要。像韩国启明大学申一熙

校长就提了很好的意见，就是说开展学术研

究也要因地制宜。比如说中医在东亚国家可

能比较受欢迎，但是在中亚国家可能反响就

比较冷淡，但是音乐、舞蹈在中亚国家就非

常容易找到共同点，他们非常愿意同中国交

流。我觉得他这个意见是非常对的。所以在新汉学计划方面，我们汉办会更多地尊重我

们各个学校、各个国家的意见。 Speaking of a girl's beauty, first of all, it's important to find out if she has beautiful eyes or not. "New Sinology plan" is the eyes of Confucius Institutes whose level is decided by the implementation of the plan. This project is key to our influence and sustainable development. In this regard, this year we have made fairly large progress, but we still want to emphasize that no matter it's doctoral students or young leaders on a short visit, it has

to meet the local needs. Shen Yixi, Korea Keimyung University president, gave a good advice, saying that academic research should be adapted to local conditions. For example, Chinese medicine may be popular in East Asian countries, but relatively lukewarm in

the Central Asian country. However, music and dance share much more common grounds in the Central Asian countries

whose people are very willing to conduct

exchanges with China. I think he can not be more right. So regarding this plan, we

Hanban will respect the opinions of every

institute and every country as far as possible.

8.一开始，在教材的编写理念和编写方案上，

中外专家就有了明显的分歧。俄罗斯教材专家认为，教材要有普适性，既适用于大学

生，也可以适用于中小学生。而中方专家认

为，儿童与成年人的心理和生理状况差异明

显，应当根据各自学习外语的特点、接受程度等分别编写教材。经过切磋，俄罗斯专家逐渐接受了中国同行的意见。

但意想不到的是，在教材编写册数上同

样发生了分歧。中国出版的外语教材通

常按照学期计算，一个学期一本教材，

15

学生从心理上可以产生成就感，视觉上获得新鲜感，同时 200页左右的教材也便于携带。而俄罗斯专家坚持编写一本

供全年使用的教材，以便学生复习。

双方争论半天，各抒己见，相持不下。

考虑再三，这回是中国专家做出让步：

尊重俄罗斯学生的学习习惯，编写两套汉语教材供两个学年使用。

From the very beginning, there were apparent differences between the Chinese and the Russian experts in

the ideas and approaches of writing teaching materials. The Russian experts held that teaching materials ought to be universally suitable for both university and school students, whereas the Chinese experts believed that due

to the clear psychological and physical distinctions between juveniles and adults, teaching materials need conform to the

habits and capacity of foreign language learning and be written respectively. After exchange of views, the Russian experts began to

agree with their Chinese counterparts, but on the number of textbooks they went separate ways again. According to the routine compilation of foreign language textbooks published in China, one textbook per semester will ensure

that students can obtain a sense of achievement as well as freshness after their finishing off reading a book and moving on to the next. Also a 200-paged textbook is quite

portable.Nevertheless,the Russian experts insisted on compiling a whole-year textbook so that students could easily review

what they had learned. After heated discussions,disagreements and

standoffs,the Chinese experts,

with respect for Russian students ’

learning habits, yielded by writing

one Chinese language teaching

material for the use of two semesters.

9.北京师范大学附近的野草书店要关门了，民

营连锁书店“纸老虎”宣布最多三个月也

要关门，连国内最大的广告书店“龙之

媒”也宣布要在年底关闭现存的三家店

在中国，随着一家又一家的书店相继没落，

被认为是城市文化地标、代表着城市文化内涵的实体书店还能走多远，应该如何生存，

再次成为人们关注的焦点。很多人哀叹，面对当当、京东、卓越等网络书城的低价竞

争，中国实体书店将集体经历寒冬，有人甚至认为实体书店已经没有存在的必要。

尽管实体书店愈来愈举步维艰，但人们依旧相信，实体书店是网络书店或其他形式所取

代不了的。“一个城市有图书馆、书店、报亭，这个城市才是完整的。虽然实体书店正

在经历电子阅读和网络书店的挑战，但挑战

并不表明他们会消失。”北京大学信息管理

系主任王余光教授说。

The small bookshops around Beijing

Normal University are going to close

down and the private-owned chain

bookstore “Paper Tiger ”has also

announced its close-down for the coming

3 months at most. Even the largest

domestic ads bookshop–Aotu also

declares that it’s going to shut down

the 3 existing stores by the end of the

year.

With the successive downfalls of bookstores in China, people are once again becoming concerned with the prospect and survival issues of the entity bookshops which are considered a cultural landmark and represents the cultural contents of a city. Many people lament that in the face of the

price competition of Dangdang, Jingdong and Zhuoyue and other online bookstores,

China’s entity bookstores are going to undergo

a time of hardship and some even think that

there ’s no need for their existence any more.

Despite the increasingly difficult situation of entity bookstores, but people

still believe that the entity bookstore cannot be replaced by online bookstore or

other forms. "A city that has libraries, bookstores, newsstands, is complete. Although the physical bookstores are facing challenges of electronic reading and online bookstores, but this does not meanthat they will disappear ”, said Professor Wang Yuguang, dean of Information Management Department of Peking University.

10.滕王阁虽以“滕王”命名，却因另一个

人而出名。这个人就是被称为“初唐四

杰”之一的诗人王勃。

在中国人的印象中，王勃是一个才子，也是