文学翻译

1.英译汉：

If a dog could speak, it would probably not distinguish between motion and life. Some primitive men do not do so, and travelers interpret them as saying there are spirits everywhere. In our age of machines we are apt to look for mechanical explanations of everything, yet it is only three hundred years since machines had been developed so far that Descartes first suggested that animal and human bodies were machines.

如果一只狗说话，它可能不会区分运动和生活。一些原始的人并不会这样，旅行者通常用一种无处不在的精神来解释。在当下机器时代，我们倾向于机械的来解释一切，但这个时代只有三百年，因为机器时代已经发展到了笛卡尔所倡导的动物和人体都是机器的时代。

A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the questions on which philosophers still argue. For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to from the sun, and another from our eyes, and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don't know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give rise to sensation. But there is every reason to think that as we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge and will are going to be pretty fully cleared up.

科学家总是认为哲学的所有问题最终都可以用科学来解决。我认为这对于哲学家仍然争论的很多问题来说都是的正确的。例如，柏拉图认为，当我们看到东西时，一束光来自太阳，另一束光来自我们的眼睛，给我们一种看到棍子的感觉。我们现在知道，光来自于太阳，并反射进我们的眼睛。但是关于这些变化在我们眼睛里是如何引起感觉的更多细节，我们并不知道。但是有充分的理由认为，当我们更多地了解大脑的生理学时，这样做的话，并且关于知识和意志的伟大的哲学问题将被完全清除。

But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others which perplex us today, there will still be one field

of which they do not know, namely the future. However exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which are ignorant. And where science give us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment. That is one reason why Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote so little on many philosophical problems which interested their contemporaries.

但是就算我们的后代知道这些问题以及其他在今天仍然困惑我们的问题的答案，仍然还有一个领域是他们不知道的，即未来。但是我们不可能知道精确的科学，因为我们了解过去。哲学也许可以被描述为关于那些可忽略事物的论证。科学给了我们知识的希望，这通常是合理的暂时判断。这就是为什么马克思和恩格斯对于对他们的同时代人感兴趣的许多哲学问题写得如此正确的原因。

But we have got to prepare for the future, and we cannot do so rationally without some philosophy. Some people say we have only got to do the duties revealed in the past, and laid down by religion, and God will look after the future. Others say that the world is a machine, and the course of future events is certain, whatever efforts we may make. Marxists say that the future depends on ourselves, even though we are part of the historical process. The philosophical view certainly does inspire people to very great achievements. Whether it is true or not (and I think it is true) it is a powerful guide to action.

但是，我们必须为未来做好准备，如果没有哲学，我们就不能做出理性的行为。有些人说，我们只有履行过去明确的的，宗教规定的职责，神自然会眷顾我们的未来。其他人说，世界是一个机器，无论我们做什么努力，未来事件的进程是确定的。马克思主义者说，未来掌握在我们自己手里，虽然我们也是历史进程的一部分。哲学观点会激发人们追求卓越的成就，无论正确与否（我认为是正确的），哲学都是强大的行动指南。

We need a philosophy, then, to help us to tackle the future. Agnosticism easily becomes an excuse for laziness and conservatism. Whether we adopt Marxism or any other philosophy, we cannot understand it without knowing something of how it developed. That is why a knowledge of the

history of philosophy is important to Marxists, even during the present critical days.

我们需要哲学，以帮助我们应对未来。不可知性很容易成为懒惰和保守主义的借口，无论我们采用马克思主义还是任何其他哲学，如果不知道它是如何发展的，我们都不能真正的理解它，这就是为什么对哲学史的认识对于马克思主义者是重要的，即使在目前的关键时刻。

2.汉译英：

你是否觉得劳生草草，身心两乏，我劝你工余之暇，常到小巷里走走，那是最好的将息，会使你消除疲劳，紧张的心弦得到调整.你如果有时情绪烦躁，心境悒郁，我劝你到小巷里负手行吟一阵，你一定会豁然开朗，怡然自得，物我两忘。你有爱人吗？我建议不要带了她去什么名国胜境，还是利用晨昏时节，到深巷中散散步。在那里，你们俩可以随意谈天，心贴得更近，在街上那种贪婪的睨视，恶意的斜觑，巷里是没有的；偶然呀的一声，墙门口显现出一个人影，又往往是深居简出的姑娘，看见你们，会娇羞地返身回避了。

Do you feel physically busy and mentally exhausted? If you did feel so, I advise you often to walk in the the alley in you spare time, where it is the best place for peaceful, which will eliminate you fatigue and nervous and adjust you heartstrings. If you sometimes feel tired, I advise you to recite poems in the alley and you will suddenly see the light, forget anything.Do you have lovers? I suggest you not to take her to any famous place and interts,insteadly, you can take her to have a walk in the ally during the twilight season, you can talk freely with him, which will make your hearts nearer. There is no greedy and glance and malicious in the lane. Accidentally there is a shadow in the door, generally speaking, the shadow is a girl. They will get away shlly.

巷，是人海汹汹中的一道避风塘，给人带来安全感；是城市喧嚣扰攘中的一带洞天幽境，胜似皇家的阁道，便于平常百姓徘徊倘佯。

Lane, is a sea of storms in a typhoon shelter, giving a sense of security; and is the vicinity of Cave in noisy city, more than the Royal Court Road, to facilitate the ordinary people wandering.

爱逐臭争利，辎铁必较的，请到长街闹市去；爱轻嘴薄

舌，争是论非的，请到茶馆酒楼去；爱锣鼓钲镗，管弦嗷嘈的，请到歌台剧院去，爱宁静淡泊，沉思默想的，深深的小巷在欢迎你！

If you love reputation and profits, please go to the busy street downtown; if you are mean to others and argue with others, please go to the teahouse restaurant; if you love noisy, please go to the Theater, if you love peacefulness and meditation, deep alley will welcome you!