在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补-的位置

在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补-的位置
在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补-的位置

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

We study for the people.我们为人民学习。

2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。

My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

We like English.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:

We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。

He is a new student.他是个新生。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

He lives in London.他住在伦敦。

7.补语

用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing 形式,数词等。

8.宾补

就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的

例:I know you are student good at maths

在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语。

宾语补语也可以是句子,所以这个句子也可以是:

I know you are student who is good at maths

还可以是-ing 形式

I see you crossing the street

简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句啊还有主语补足语可以是表语例如:Tom is a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明是主补

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

基本句型二:SVP(主+谓+表)

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

基本句型四:SV oO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃S│V(不及物动词)┃┠———————————————┼———————————————┨

┃1. The sun│was shining.┃

┃2. The moon │rose. ┃

┃3. The universe │remains.┃

┃4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.┃

┃5. Who│cares?┃

┃6. What he said │does not matter.┃

┃7. They │talked for half an hour. ┃

┃8. The pen│writes smoothly┃

1. 太阳在照耀着。

2. 月亮升起了。

3. 宇宙长存。

4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. 管它呢?

6. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. 他们谈了半个小时。8. 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意* 思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的* 意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一* 类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没*

有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(是系动词)│P┃┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨┃1. This │is│an English-Chinese dictionary.┃

┃2. The dinner │smells│good. ┃

┃3. He │fell│in love.┃

┃4. Everything │looks │different.┃

┃5. He │is growing│tall and strong.┃

┃6. The trouble│is│that they are short of money. ┃

┃7. Our well │has gone│dry.┃

┃8. His face │turned│red.┃

┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1. 这是本英汉辞典。2. 午餐的气味很好。

3. 他堕入了情网。

4. 一切看来都不同了。

5. 他长得又高又壮。

6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. 我们井干枯了。8. 他的脸红了。

基本句型三

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,

但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(及物动词)│O ┃

┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨┃1. Who│knows │the answer? ┃

┃2. She│smiled│her thanks. ┃

┃3. He │has refused │to help them. ┃

┃4. He │enjoys│reading.┃

┃5. They │ate │what was left over. ┃

┃6. He │said│"Good morning." ┃

┃7. I│want│to have a cup of tea. ┃

┃8. He │admits│that he was mistaken. ┃

┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. 谁知道答案?

2. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。

4. 他喜欢看书。

5. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. 他说:“早上好!”

7. 我想喝杯茶。8. 他承认犯了错误。

基本句型四

此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整

的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。

┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)┃┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨

1. She│ordered │herself │a new dress.┃

┃2. She│cooked│her husband │a delicious meal. ┃

┃3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. ┃

┃4. He │denies│her │nothing.┃

┃5. I│showed│him │my pictures.┃

┃6. I│gave│my car│a wash. ┃

┃7. I│told│him │that the bus was late.┃

┃8. He │showed│me│how to run the machine. ┃

┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。

3. 他给你带来了一本字典。

4. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. 我给他看我的照片。

6. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。8. 他教我开机器。

基本句型五

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还

不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S │V(及物)│O(宾语)│C(宾补)┃┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨┃1. They │appointed │him │manager.┃

┃2. They │painted │the door│green.┃

┃3. This │set │them│thinking. ┃

┃4. They │found │the house │deserted. ┃

┃5. What │makes │him │think so? ┃

┃6. We │saw │him │out.┃

┃7. He │asked │me│to come back soon.┃

┃8. I│saw │them│getting on the bus. ┃

┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1. 他们任命他当经理。2. 他们把门漆成绿色。

3. 这使得他们要细想一想。

4. 他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. 他怎么会这样想?

6. 我们送他出去。

7. 他要我早点回来。8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的

成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五为例:

We found the hall full.

我们发现礼堂坐满了。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-

ing to an important report.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-

ing to an important report made by a comrade from the People's

Daily on current affairs in East Europe.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关

东欧局势的重要报告。

不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。以get 为例:

He's getting angry. (S V C)

He got through the window.(S V M)

You'll get a surprise.(S V O)

He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)

He got himself into trouble.(S V O M)

He got her a splendid present.(S V o O)

在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:

I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O M)

I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。(S V O C)

I have to do something. 我得做点事。

I have something to do. 我有点事做。

表语从句就是"表句是个句子",同理,宾语从句,定语从句都这样理解.

表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语/

下面是我找到的材料,参考一下吧.

==================

基本概念

1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成:关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:

(1) 从属连词that。如:

The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如:

He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。

The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:

All this was over twenty years ago, but it´s as if it was only yesterday.

这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如:

It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词where, when, how, why。

如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

重点疑难

1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:

I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。

2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:

My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

英语里的基本的6个时态

一、一般现在时:

用动词原型表示,但单数第三人称后要加-s,在词尾加-s时要注意:

1.一般情况:加-s 例:reads,writes,says

2.以s,x,ch,sh收尾的词加-es 例:teaches,washes,guesses

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es 例:try—tries,carry—carries。

这个时态的疑问句一般以句首加助动词do,does构成。句中动词要用原型动词be提前:

do you know it?

are you students?

does she have a pen?

1.一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作:

we always care for each other and help each other。

they cycle to work every day。

2.现在的特征或状态:

he loves sports。

do you sing?a little。

i major in english。

3.遍真理:

light travels faster than sound。

two and four makes six。

the moon moves round the earth。

有些表示状态和感觉的动词常常可用于一般现在时:be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,believe,recognize,guess,suppose,mean,belong,think(以为),feel,envy,doubt,remain,consist,contain,seem,look(看起来),see,fit,suit,owe,own,hear,find,suggest,propose,allow,show(说明),prove,mind(在意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),matter,require,possess,desire等等。

i feel a sharp pain in my chest。

the soup contains too much salt。

you see what i mean?

the coat fits you very well。

how do you find the book?

有些表示动作的动词间或可用于这一时态,表示现刻的动作,由于动作持续时间机短,用于进行时不自然:

i send you my best wishes。

i salute your courage。

now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you。

在口语中这个时态用来表示一个按规定、计划或安排发生的情况(这是都有一个表示未来时间的状语):

when do the train leave(stop at jinan)?

the plane take off at 11 am。

tomorrow is saturday。

is there a firm on tonight?

但这只限少数动词,如begin,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,be等。另外,在时间或条件从句中,将来动作或状态多用这一时态表示:

tell her about that when she come。

turn off the light before you leave。

we‘ll start as soon as you are ready。

在口语中,这个时态间或可以用来表示一个已经发生的动作(这个动作发生的时间在说话人脑中处于很不重要的地位):

they say xiao wu is back。is that true?

xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad。

oh,i forget where he lives。

yes,you answer quite well。

此外一般现在时还多用于报刊、电影、电视解说等其他几种情况。

二、现在进行时

现在进行时用助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成,它的肯定、否定、疑问形式如下:

i am working。

i am not working。

am i working?

现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。

where are they having the basket-ball match?

they are putting up the scaffolding。

he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city。

在不少情况下,表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子,并没有“正在”这样的字,在译为英语时却必须用进行时态:

how are you getting on with the work?

the work is going fairly smoothly。

you are making rapid progress。

it is blowing hard。

who are you waiting for?

whenever i see her,she is working in the garden。我每次看到她时,她总是在花园里干活。

在一般现在时所列的表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不能用于进行时态,因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。但如果词义转变,能表示一个正在进行的动作,就能

够用于进行时态,试比较下面的句子:

do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人吗?

are you seeing someone off?你在给谁送行吗?

i hear someone singing。我听见有人唱歌。

they are hearing an english talk?他们在听一个英语报告。

what do you think of it?你觉得这怎么样?

what are you thinking about?你在想什么?

另外,表示无法持续动作的动词,一般不宜用于进行时态,但有些可以用于这个时态表示重复、即将等:

he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳着。

the train is arriving。火车就要进站了。

the old man is dying。老头病危了。

现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安安排要进行的动作(这是多有一个表示未来时间的状语):

we are leaving on friday。

are you going anywhere tomorrow?

a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。

xiao hong!coming。

who is interpreting for you?

we are having a holiday next monday。

但这仅限于少量动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,lunch,return,dine,work,sleep,stay,play,do,have,wear等。

另外,“be going+不定式”这个结构经常用来表示即将发生的事或打算(准备)做的事:

i am afraid it is going to rain。

it is going to be rather cold tomorrow。

she is not going to speak at the meeting。

在这个结构中过去有许多人不赞成用go和come这两个动词,感到很别扭,主张不说are you going to go anywhere tomorrow?而说are you going anywhere tomorrow?不说is she going to come?而说is she coming?但现在在这种结构中用两个动词的人越来越多,这种用法基本上被大家接受了。

此外,在时间和条件状语从句中,间或也可用现在进行时表示将来的情况或一般情况:

do not mention this when you are talking with him。

remember that when you are taking a rest,some else is always working。

if she is still sleeping,do not wake her up。

现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这是或是为了表示一种感情(a)如赞叹、厌烦等,或是为了强调情况的暂时性(b)。a.how are you feeling today?(比how do you feel today?更显亲切)

xiao hua is doing fine work at school。(比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富赞美)

he is always thinking of his work。表赞许

he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是乱扔东西。(表不满)

he is always boasting。他老爱说大话。(表厌烦)

b.he is sleeping in the next room now。他现在现在是在隔壁房间睡了(不再原来房间睡了)。

the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。

where is he working?他现在在那里工作?(可能刚换工作)

for this week we are starting work at 7:30。

he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。

be间或可用于进行时态,表示一时的表现:

you are not being modest。

he is being silly。

she is being friendly。

xiao hong is being a good girl today。

do not talk rot。i am being serious。

注:在there和here引起的句子中,常可用一般现在时代替现在进行时:here comes the bus。(=the bus is coming.)

there goes the bell. (=the bell is ringing.)

在某些情况下两种情况都可以用,没有多少差别:

i wonder (am wondering) how i should answer then.

does your leg hurt? (is your leg hurting?)

it itches (is itching) terribly.

my back aches (is aching).

i write (am writing ) to inform you.

在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补的位置『黑色ひ粉末』组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。...

英语中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语

英语中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语语法是理解英语逻辑的核心。语法不好的同学,处理简单句尚可;遇到复杂句型时,就晕头转向了。所以,要彻底读懂英语,必须在语法上下苦功夫。今天,我们彻底解析一下这些句子成分。(下图为:一个复合句中,所有的句子成分。) 1 第一:英语中的“主语” 1. 主语的含义: 主语即“动作的发出者”(主谓宾结构中)或者“表述的对象”(主系表结构中),一般放在句首,有时也放在中间或者句尾。充当主语的可以是名词、代词;也可以是短语、不定式;甚至可以是整个句子。所以,在找主语的时候,脑子里一定要有这些认知。 2. 充当主语的有哪些? (1)名词/代词/数词做主语

(2)不定式/名词化短语做主语 (3)从句做主语(即主语从句) 从句做主语的句子,就是我们学过的“主语从句”。主语从句可以由连词that/whether引导;也可以由关系代词what/who/which引导;还可以由连接副词how/when/why/where引导。 详情如下:

(4)有时为了避免头重脚轻,经常会借助“it”充当形式主语,而真正的主语则放在句尾: (5)“There be …”句型 “there be…”比较特殊。在这种句型中,主语的位置在中间。比如:There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street. 大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。 2

第二:英语中的“谓语” 1. 含义: 谓语是句子的灵魂,主要用来“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出的动作”。 2. 分类:简单谓语复合谓语 (1)简单谓语:由一个动词或者一个动词短语构成谓语; I love my girlfriend. 我爱我的女朋友。 My boss stayed up late last night. 我的老板昨晚熬夜了。 (2)复合谓语: ① 情态动词/助动词+动词构成 ② 系动词+表语构成

高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析 主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语

英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线?(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同) 考点1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich) 在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are) 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn.

过去分词作定语表语练习题(含答案)

过去分词专题练习 I ?分析下列划线部分的用法(过去分词做定语,表语以及被动) 1. The excited childre n are ope ning their Christmas prese nts. 2. This supermarketis now closed 3. The blackboardwas broken by Tom. 4. She had aworried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked in terested in the idea I put forward. 6. The mach in eproduced last yea(二 which were produced last year) are very expe nsive. n . Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The ani mal and pla nts that they found there were _________ (ast oni sh) 2. I was _________ (ast oni sh) to lear n that his long lost child had bee n found. 3. The __________ n ews made us ___________ .(disappoi nt) 4. The __________ mother went to visit Ein stei n. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie foundhusband' d s ath ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _______ (en courage), the girl was determ ined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a _________ bird (frighten)(惊弓之鸟) 9. The fierce lion looks _________ (frighte n). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very __________ (con fuse). 川.Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book __________________ 一本农民写的书)is very popular. 2. The building ___________ 去年建的楼房)now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem __________________ 在昨天会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve. 4. The window ________________________ 被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired 5. The children ______________________ 昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill. 6. The people ________________ 暴露在阳光下的)got sun bur nt. 7. The boy _________________________ 受至U老师严厉惩罚的)is now a college student. 8. The water _________________________ 送到他家的水)carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English _____________ (300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists ________________ 被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa. 11. The students _________________ 受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. IV .基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______ s oldiers. A. wound B. woun ded C. wounding D. being woun ded 2. Lily seems very much ________ in the magazine, but I think it 'tc s expensive. A. i nterested B. i nteresti ng C. to in terest D. to be in terest ing 3. All the passe ngers should remain ______ whe n the pla ne is maki ng a landing.

动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语

动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补与状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1、表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible、(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作就是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2、表示主语具有的特征、性质与状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词) The problem is quite puzzling、 这个问题很令困惑。 3、常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往就是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night、(staying too late every night的逻辑主语就是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途与性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 瞧起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如就是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south、(=which is facing south) 她们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket) 您认识在打篮球的那个小男孩不? The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人就是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house、 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting、

主语谓语宾语补语定语状语举例

主语谓语宾语补语定语 状语举例 公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语举例 1.【主语】: 就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者.它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题.如:我看电视.“我”就是这句子的主语. 主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当. ⑴妈妈回来了. ⑵今天是星期天. ⑶大海掀起滚滚的波涛. ⑷小明病了. ⑸燕子飞回来了. 2.【谓语】: 说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样.它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题. 如如:我看电视.“看”就是这句子的谓语. 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动 词构成不同的句子类型.其他例子自己可举一反三. 3.【宾语】 指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格.还如上例:我看电视.“电视”就是这句子的宾语. 需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语. 4.【补语】: 补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语

补足语.如:他把我逗笑了.我激动得哭了.“哭了”即为补语. 5.【定语】: 修饰限定名字、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等.如:美丽的村庄静静地睡了.“美丽的”为定语. 6.【状语】: 修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等.如:他在灯下看书.“在灯下”是状语. 小学语文基础知识点复习归纳总结 (一)关联词 1、关联词语的意义 能够把两个或者两个以上在意义上有密切联系的句子连接起来组成比较复杂的句子的词语,就是关联词语。恰当的使用关联词语,能使我们在说话或者协作时达到较好的表达效果。 2、常见的关联词语类型 并列关系——分句之间是并列的 既……又…… 那么……那么…… 一边……一边…… 有的……有的…… 不是……而是…… 递进关系——后一分句的意思比前一分句的意思更进一层。 不但……而且……

英语语法从句讲解

从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

过去分词作定语和表语

M5 u1 Grammar Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning aims: Understand the usages of Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Important point: using Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning guidance: 阅读课本第5 页内容,自学《南方新课堂》,完成预习案 [知识梳理]过去分词作定语和表语 1.过去分词概述:动词的过去分词也称为动词的ed形式,是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词只强调被动 和完成的意义。

【合作探究】专题训练 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday. 2.The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3.The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students. 4.The electric wire is __________(break). 5.He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6.He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7.The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution. 8.The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building. 9.When we heard of the news,we were deeply ____________(move). 10.They were ____________(frighten) to hear the ____________(frighten) sound. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.一座桥把这个岛屿与大陆连接起来,这个岛屿很容易过去。 The island,________________________________________________________________, is easy to go to. 2.从烹饪锅中救出的珍稀鱼已经被放回到了海里。 The rare fish,___________________________________________,has been returned to the sea. 3.于1911年创立的清华大学培育出了很多杰出而优秀的人物。 Tsinghua University,_______________________________________________,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 4.预计从全国挑选出来的队员在今年夏天的比赛中会给我们带来荣誉。 The players_____________________________________________________ are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 5.在四月份,成千上万的度假者因为火山灰云而滞留在国外。 In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________________________________ due to the volcanic ash cloud. 6.怀特太太给她的学生们看一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。 Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______________________________________. 7.我打电话的目的是询问一下刊登在昨日的《中国日报》上的职位的问题。

过去分词作定语与表语

概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子: 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语;exposed过去分词作定语) 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified过去分词作定语) 3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语) 4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语) 5. He was determined to find out why. (determined过去分词作表语) 6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted过去分词作定语) 上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词,句1(inspired)、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语;而句1(exposed)、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词,作定语。那么过去分词是什么?有什么作用?我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。 用法讲解 过去分词的作用 英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为:不定式(to do)、动词-ing形式(doing)和过去分词(done)。 动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词:现在分词强调动作,如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作,而且此动作正在进行,与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系(即sleeping的动作是boy做的),因此是现在分词作定语;而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能,表示“用来睡觉的”,是动名词作定语。 过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成,但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被 动”意义。 本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。 1. 与助动词一起构成谓语:

英语状语种类

英语状语有哪些种类 专四专八(TEM)考试网更新:2011-10-2 编辑:琴瑟琵琶 英语中的状语按其用途,可以分为时间状语、地点状语、方面状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、程度状语、方式状语、伴随状语等11种。 一、时间状语 She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。 I’ll meet you at 4 o’clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。 A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天许多学生误了我的课。 二、地点状语 He lives over the mountain. 他住在山的那一边。 I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。 The children are swimming in the river. 孩子们正在河里游泳。 注:地点状语除表位置外,还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如: Are you glad to be going back to school 返回学校你感到高兴吗 They lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。 三、方面状语 She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。 China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。 The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米,高150米。 四、原因状语 He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话,他很吃惊。

英语状语-表语-宾语-补语-定语地概念

第一部分 在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补的位置组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。 英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。He likes watch'ing TV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。一般可分为两类: 1),简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。 2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。My sis'ter is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词,代

词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。 7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如: make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。 这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。 8.宾补就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的例: I know you are student good at maths 在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语。 宾语补语也可以是句子,所以这个句子也可以是: I know you are student who is good at maths 还可以是-ing 形式 I see you crossing the street简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分. 因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”) 状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同) 考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich) 在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。 如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点2.谓语 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下: A.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. B.复合谓语: ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. Has he come back? He did n’t attend the meeting yesterday. ②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和 表语一起作谓语。如: We are student s. Your idea sounds great. 考点3.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby(爱好)is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点4.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think(that)he is fit for his office. 考点5.宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当,同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming.

动词ing做主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾补

动词ing 做主语、宾语 It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practice ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. trying D. trying 8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t bu t laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh 10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13. Y ou must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. Y ou should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night.(stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting 17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared 19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. /

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