十本美国文学十本英国文学

American Literature

1、The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Howthorne 《红字》霍桑著

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小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。因此，它不仅是美利坚合众国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作是美利坚合众国心理分析小说的开创篇。

2、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

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《哈克贝利.芬历险记》马克.吐温著

简称《赫克》是美国文学中的珍品,也是美国文化中的珍品。十六年前【1984】,美国文坛为《赫克》出版一百周年举行了广泛的庆祝活动和学术讨论,也出版了一些研究马克吐温,特别是他的《赫克》的专著。专门为一位大作家的一本名著而举行如此广泛的纪念和专门的研究,这在世界文坛上也是少有的盛事。这是因为《赫克》的意义不一般. 美国著名作家海明威说, "一切现代美国文学来自一本书, 即马克吐温的《赫克尔贝里芬历险记》……这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书,在它之前,或在它之后,都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。

3、The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James 《贵妇画像》亨利.詹姆斯著

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美国小说家亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇画像》自问世以来一直受到文学评论界的关注，专家学者已从各个不同角度对女主人伊莎贝尔·阿切尔作了深入细致的研究。本文试图从一个全新的视角，即跨文化交际角度，剖析伊莎贝尔在婚姻方面所作的选择。文章指出她是该小说中跨文化交际的最大失败者，并对其失败原因作了分析。希望在跨文化交际日益频繁的今天我们都能从伊莎贝尔的生活经历中得到某种启发。

4.Moby Dick by Herman Melville 《白鲸》麦尔维尔著

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小说描写了亚哈船长为了追逐并杀死白鲸莫比·迪克的经历，最终与白鲸同归于尽的故事。故事营造了一种让人置身海上航行、随时遭遇各种危险甚至是死亡的氛围，是作者的代表作。小说场面宏阔博大，思想内涵复杂，哲理性很强，而且文笔沉郁瑰奇，堪称杰作。

5.Martin Eden by Jack London 《马丁.伊登》杰克.伦敦著

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在美国文学发展史上，《马丁·伊登》起着先驱作用，后来不少描写“美国梦”破灭的作品都或多或少地受到它的影响。围绕这部书引起的争论首先是在主题上，按照杰克·伦敦的本意，写这部属的宗旨之一乃是攻击个人主义，但大多数评论家都认为他实在个人主义辩护，而相当多的读者是把马丁·伊登当作“个人奋斗”的典型来接受的。其次是语言，有人认为“充满元气和力量”，也有人认为“粗糙”、“变化少”。杰克·伦敦是以“超人”自居的，他并没有成为超人，但《马丁·伊登》的确是一部超越了时代的作品。

6.The Great Gatsby by F.S. Fitzgerald 《了不起的盖茨比》菲茨杰拉德著

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二十世纪的二十和三十年代是美国小说的黄金时代，群星灿烂，各放异彩。德莱塞出版了一部又一部长篇巨著，并且在一九二五年又发表了他的代表作《美国的悲剧》。同年四月，《了不起的盖茨比》在纽约出版，著名诗人兼文艺评论家T·S ·艾略特立刻称之为"美国小说自亨利·詹姆斯以来迈出的第一步"。海明威在回忆菲氏时写道："既然他能够写出一本像《了不起的盖茨比》这样好的书，我相信他一定能够写出更好的书。"艾略特和海明威都是以苛刻

闻名的批评家，因此我们就不难领会这些评价的分量了。

直到今天，《了不起的盖茨比》还是美国一部家喻户晓的经典。

7.The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway 《老人与海》海明威著

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《老人与海》是海明威最著名的作品之一，它围绕一位老年古巴渔夫，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗。《老人与海》奠定了海明威在世界文学中的突出地位，对于他1954年获得诺贝尔文学奖也起了重要作用。

影响历史的百部经典之一，诺贝尔文学奖获奖之作，教育部推荐读物，细腻再现重压之下的优雅风度。

8.The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck 《愤怒的葡萄》斯坦贝克著

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美国作家约翰?史坦贝克的长篇小说，是一部伟大的美国社会纪实文学，这部小说在当年「卖得最快，评价最高，争论最激烈」，一时成为禁书，又被当众焚毁，最后迫使国会立法，资助农民。1940年此书获得普立兹小说奖，作者本人因为另一作品人鼠之间在1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖。

9.The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner 《喧嚣与骚动》

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喧嚣与骚动》是美国现代主义作家威廉·福克纳的经典之作。福克纳通过凯蒂这一人物形象的塑造和表现,在揭示南方旧家庭走向衰败的过程的同时,严厉批判了南方旧文化和旧传统对女性的压迫和摧残,对处于社会底层的女性给予了更多的关注和尊重,并在其价值认同上倾注了更多的人文主义关怀。

10.Catch 22 by Joseph Heller 《第二十二条军规》约瑟夫.海勒著

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《第二十二条军规》是美国黑色幽默文学的代表作，被誉为当代美国文学的经典作品。

黑色幽默出现于六十年代，是当代美国文学中最重要的文学流派之一。这一流派的作家突出描写人物周围世界的荒谬和社会对个人的压迫。他们用放大镜和哈哈镜把这种荒谬和压迫加以放大、扭曲、变形，变得更加荒诞不经，滑稽可笑，更加反常无理，丑恶可憎，其中也寄托了他们无可奈何的悲观和痛苦心情。因此有人把黑色幽默称之为“绞刑架下的幽默”或“大难临头时的幽默”。

British Literature

1．Hamlet by William Shakespeare 《哈姆雷特》莎士比亚著

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著名悲剧之一，是莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本，同《麦克白》、《李尔王》和《奥赛罗》一起组成莎士比亚“四大悲剧”。在《哈姆雷特》中，复仇的故事中交织着爱恨情愁。同时

，哈姆雷特也是该剧主人公丹麦王子的名字。后有据此改编的同名电影和越剧等艺术作品。2．Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe 《鲁宾逊漂流记》丹尼尔.福著

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一部家喻户晓的现实主义回忆录式冒险小说。这部小说一问世就风靡英国，情节真实具体、亲切自然，真让人不忍释卷。小说从出版至今，已出了几百版，几乎译成了世界上所有的文字。据说，除了《圣经》之外，《鲁滨逊漂流记》是出版最多的一本书。该书被誉为英国文学史上的第一部长篇小说，成了世界文学宝库中一部不朽的名著。该书故事情节引人入胜，叙事语言通俗易懂，是一部雅俗共赏的好作品。

3．Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》斯威夫特著

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《格列佛游记》是乔纳森·斯威夫特的一部杰出的游记体讽刺小说，以较为完美的艺术形式表达了作者的思想观念，作者用丰富的讽刺手法和虚构幻想的离奇情节，深刻的剖析了当时的英国社会现实。

《格列佛游记》出版两个多世纪以来，被翻译成几十种语言，在世界各国广为流传。作品运用讽刺影射的手法，反映了18世纪前半期英国的社会矛盾，揭露了当时统治集团的腐败和罪恶，并抨击了侵略战争和殖民主义的危害。尽管是对宫廷和政治家的讽刺，但作品却超越了它的时代和地方的局限，尤其是前面的那两个部分，被认为是“文学的伟大宝库之一”。4．Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 《傲慢与偏见》简.奥斯汀著

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《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材，一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者，时至今日，仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。

《傲慢与偏见》常被二十世纪的文学评论家们和文学史家们誉为真正伟大的英国小说家，因为她使英国小说更臻完美，因此她的小说是最具经典意义的小说

5．A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens 《双城记》查尔斯.狄更斯著

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双城记(A Tale of Two Cities)是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯所著的描述法国大革命一部大时代长篇历史小说，“双城”指的是巴黎与伦敦。

《双城记》有其不同于一般历史小说的地方，它的人物和主要情节都是虚构的。在法国大革命广阔的真实背景下，作者以虚构人物梅尼特医生的经历为主线索，把冤狱、爱情与复仇三个互相独立而又互相关联的故事交织在一起，情节错综，头绪纷繁。作者采取倒叙、插叙、伏笔、铺垫等手法，使小说结构完整严密，情节曲折紧张而富有戏剧性，表现了卓越的艺术技巧。《双城记》风格肃穆、沉郁，充满忧愤，但缺少早期作品的幽默。

6．Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray 《名利场》萨克雷著

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《名利场》是英国十九世纪小说家萨克雷的成名作品，也是他生平著作里最经得起时间考验的杰作。是英国较著名的讽刺性批判现实主义小说。故事取材于很热闹的英国十九世纪中上层社会。当时国家强盛，工商业发达，由榨压殖民地或剥削劳工而发财的富商大贾正主宰着这个社会，英法两国争权的战争也在这时响起了炮声。中上层社会各式各等人物，都忙着争权夺位，争名求利，所谓“天下攘攘，皆为利往，天下熙熙，皆为利来”，名利、权势、利禄，原是相连相通的。

7．Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 《简爱》夏洛蒂.勃朗特著

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《简·爱》是一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说，它阐释了这样一个主题：人的价值＝尊严＋爱。《简·爱》中的简爱人生追求有两个基本旋律：富有激情、幻想和反抗、坚持不懈的精神；对人间自由幸福的渴望和对更高精神境界的追求。这本小说的主题是通过对孤女坎坷不平的人生经历，成功地塑造了一个不安于现状、不甘受辱、敢于抗争的女性形象，反映一个平凡心灵的坦诚倾诉的呼号和责难，一个小写的人成为一个大写的人的渴望。

《简·爱》是一部反响巨大的书。出版商在1847年10月就出版了这部作品。萨克雷称赞它是“一位伟大天才的杰作”。

8．Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte 《呼啸山庄》艾米莉.勃朗特著

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《呼啸山庄》通过一个爱情悲剧，向人们展示了一幅畸形社会的生活画面，勾勒了被这个畸

形社会扭曲了的人性及其造成的种种可怖的事件。

《呼啸山庄》出版后一直被人认为是英国文学史上一部“最奇特的小说”，是一部“奥秘莫测”的“怪书”。原因在于它一反同时代作品普遍存在的伤感主义情调，而以强烈的爱、狂暴的恨及由之而起的无情的报复，取代了低沉的伤感和忧郁。它宛如一首奇特的抒情诗，字里行间充满着丰富的想象和狂飙般猛烈的情感，具有震撼人心的艺术力量。

9．Tess of the D’urbervilles by Thomas Hardy 《德伯家的苔丝》托马斯.哈代著

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《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代著称于世的“威塞克斯系列”中的一部力作。小说描述了一位纯洁姑娘的不幸命运。主人公苔丝是一位美丽的农家少女，因受东家少爷诱迫而失身怀孕。

从此，这一耻辱的事实剥夺了她接受真正爱情的权利，致使新婚之夜遭丈夫遗弃。后来，万般无奈之中，她重回了少爷的怀抱，不料，就在这时她那有名无实的丈夫拖着病驱千里归来，苦苦寻觅。苔丝为了自己真正的爱，毅然杀死同居的少爷，在与丈夫短暂欢聚后，走上了绞刑台。

10、The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad 《黑暗的心》约瑟夫.康拉德著

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《黑暗的心》是公认的二十世纪文学经典、剥葱皮一样把殖民主义者的心态一层层刻画得淋漓尽致。本书具有鲜明的现代主义特色。作者康拉德用了马洛这样一个叙述者，让他以回忆者的身份出现在故事里，他的叙述穿梭于过去与现在、自己和库尔兹及听众之间，让读者分享着他的各种情绪，这种叙述角度的交替，开创了一种新的叙述模式，代替了传统的线性叙述方法。另外，小说中隐喻、象征等修辞手段的运用还使作品极具可读性。“黑暗的心”本身就含有双层寓意：既指地理意义上的黑色的非洲腹地，也指殖民者黑暗的内心。本书大量修辞手法的运用大大丰富了作品的意蕴，深化了小说的主题，使小说的思想内容、艺术风格不亚于20世纪任何一部现代主义小说

英国文学期末复习题目

I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bet complete the statement. 1. The long poem ______ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Paradise Lost C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Fairy Queen 2. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ______. A. Romanticism B. Renaissance C. medieval period D. Anglo-Saxon period 3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of____. A. Piers Plowman B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. Confessio Amantis D. The Canterbury Tales 4. _______ is regarded as the father of English poetry. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Edmund Spenser C. John Milton D. W. Wordsworth 5. It is _____ alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Martin Luther C. William Shakespeare D. John Gower 6. One of Chaucer’s main contributions to English poetry is ______. A. he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France to English poetry B. he created striking brilliant panorama of his time and his country C. he wrote in blank verse D. he was the first to write sonnet 7. During the Renaissance, _______ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry. A. Chaucer B. John Donne C. Thomas Wyatt D. Earl of Surrey 8. During the Renaissance, _______ wrote the first English blank verse. A. Chaucer B. Edmund Spencer C. Thomas Wyatt D. Earl of Surrey 9. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement？ A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology C. The Glorious revolution D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion 10. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. Which one of the following is NOT such an event? A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B. England’s domestic rest C. New discovery in geography and astrology. D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion. 11. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries. A. 14th...mid-17th B. 14th...mid-18th C. 16th...mid-18th D. 16th...mid-17th 12. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is_______. A. science B. philosophy C. arts D. humanism 13. _______ frequently applied conceits in his poems. A. Edmund Spenser B. John Donne C. William Blake D. Thomas Gray 14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”. A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Edmund Spenser D. John Donne 15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of____ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A. Christian B. knightly C. pilgrims D. primitive 16. ________ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism. A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe B. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe

英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案

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2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B

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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································

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(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释

①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】