七年级英语语法汇总

七年级英语语法汇总
七年级英语语法汇总

一、不定式和动名词:

1、省略了to的不定式:(助动词后面加动词原形)

havesb.dosth.letsb.dosth.makesb.dosth.helpsb.dosth./helpsb.withsth.can/may/haveto/mustdosth.seesb dosth(看见某人做某事,看见全过程,类似的还有:hearsbdosth,watchsb.dosth,findsb.dosth.,noticesb.dosth 等)

2、带to的不定式:

wanttodosth.wantsb.todosth.asksb.todosth.decidetodosthwouldliketodosth.hopetodosth.

liketodosth(一般指一次性的行为)lovetodosth.remembertodosth(记得去做某事,此事还未做)stoptodosth (停下来去做某事,此事是即将要做的事)

3、带to的不定式可以作后置定语,如:somethingtoeat(吃的东西)

4、不定式表目的:如Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhasusdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.为了节约课堂时间,我们的老师要求我们在课堂上做一半练习,剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。

注意:for也可表目的,但for后面加名词或动名词,如Ibuyitforyou.

5、动名词:(介词后面加名词或动名词)

havefundoingsth.practicedoingsth.enjoydoingsth.what/howaboutdoingsth.bebusydoingsth. spendtimedoingsth.begoodatdoingsth.(begoodatsth.)likedoingsth(经常性的行为,习惯爱好)rememberdoingsth(记得做过某事,此事已经做了)stopdoingsth(停止做某事,此事是要停止的)seesbdoingsth(看见某人正在做某事,类似的有:hearsbdoingsth,watchsb.doingsth,findsb.doingsth.,noticesb.doingsth)

Notalking(与之类似的:Noswimming,Nosmoking等)thanksfordoingsth.

二、冠词

不定冠词:a,an可数名词前可以加a或an。以元音(不是元音字母)开头的名词前加an,以辅音开头的名词前加a如:auniformanhourThereisa“u”andan“n”intheword.

定冠词:the,有指定性的名词前加the,前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the

注意:物主代词后面不加冠词(myhome);某些名词前不加冠词(如国家,城市,有名字的街道,三餐,具体的年份和月份等);球类运动前不加the,而乐器前要加the。

含冠词的短语:onweekends和ontheweekend,takeabus/taxi/walk,takeaphoto和takephotos,gotoamovie 和gotothemovies,havealook,haveawalk,havearest,haveagoodtime,intheneighborhood等。

三、介词(后加名词或动名词,还可组成固定短语。但注意:home,here,there,today,tomorrow,yesterday等词除固定短语外前面不加介词;由this,that,these,those,each,any,every,some,all等用于表示时间概念的名词前往往不加介词。)

1、介词in

表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如:inthemorning

表示“在……里面”thewindowisinthewall,Isitinthechair.Heisintheredshirt.Thebirdisinthetree.

表示“排、行、组,前、后”,如:WeareinTeamOne.infrontof(在前面),inthefrontof(在前部)

表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:HelivesinBeijing.arriveinYueyang

表示“包含”如:BeijingisinthenorthofChina.表示“用材料、语言”如:CanyousayitinEnglishWhat’sthisinEnglish

2、介词on

用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的某一天。如:onarainyday

表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:Thebookisonthetable.Theappleisonthetree.(树的一部分)在…队里用on,如:onthebasketballteam表示“左、右”,如:LiPingisonmyleft.

用于路名,如:HelivesonNanjingRoad.表示“紧邻”如:CanadaliesonthenorthoftheU.S.

3、介词at

表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等(具体的,小的时间)。如:atnoon,at6am

表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:Helivesatasmallvillage.用于门牌号,如:HelivesatNo.200,NanjingRoad.

4、介词for

表示“当作、作为”。如:Ilikesomebreadandmilkforbreakfast.我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。

表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:ThankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.谢谢你帮我学习英语。

表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对……(而言)”。如:Letmepickitupforyou.让我为你捡起来。表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:Iusuallydotherunningforanhourinthemorning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。表示以具体价格购买。如:Youcantakeitfor5yuaneach.

5、介词under表示“在…下方”(不接触),如:Theywereseenunderthetree.

6、介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。如:Shewentacrossthestreettomakesomepurchases.

7、介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。如:Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.

8、介词to表示向某处移动,如:gotoschool,gettoschool

9、介词with表示“用工具、某物”如:withapen还可表示“和…..一起”HewithhisparentsiswatchingTV.

10、介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如:Hepreferstravelingbycar.

11、介词between表示“在两者之间”如:Don’tsitbetweenthetwogirls.

四、词语

1、常见短语

asetof一套lostandfound失物招领inEnglish用英语firstname名字family/lastname姓氏familytree家谱Dave’sfamily/theDaves大卫一家myfamilyphoto/aphotoofmyfamily我的一张全家福take…to…把…带到…去bring…to…把…拿到….来playvolleyball/basketball/tennis/chessplaycomputergames玩电脑游戏playsports做运动

playtheguitar/thepiano/thedrumonTV在电视上alot非常alotof/lotsof(后加名词)许多watchTV看电视watchthematch观看比赛everyday每天everyday日常的icecream冰淇淋Frenchfries炸薯条

healthyfood健康食品arunningstar跑步明星makealist列个清单have/eatbreakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/中餐/晚餐

have/eat…forbreakfast早餐吃…let’s=letus让我们…howabout/whatabout…怎么样howmuch多少钱whatcolor什么颜色ata(very)goodprice以优惠的价格havealook(at)看一看dateofbirth出生日期

want(sb.)todosth.想要(某人)做某事forsale待售onsale降价出售inOctober在十月onOctorbertenth happybirthday生日快乐twoyearsold两岁two-year-old两岁的schooltrip学校旅行社ArtFestival艺术节speechcontest演讲比赛Englishparty英语晚会SchoolDay校庆whatkindof哪种…BeijingOpera京剧gotoamovie/gotothemovies/seeamovie/gotoseeamovie去看电影院gotowork去上班gotoschool去上学gohome回家gotothemountains去爬山goshopping/swimming/skating/hiking/sightseeing去购物/游泳/滑冰/徒步旅行/观光

gotobed去睡觉beinbed入睡getup起床gettoschool到学校gethome到家learn/knowabout了解Chinesehistory中国历史onweekends/ontheweekend在周末speekEnglish讲英语scienceteacher科学老师jointheartclub/theswimmingclub加入艺术俱乐部/游泳俱乐部callsb.at….拨…号码找某人whattime(具体)什么时候

begoodwithsb.相某人相处得好begoodatsth/doingsth擅长于某事/做某事brushone’steeth刷牙afewof一点儿

alittleof一点儿(加不可数名词)alittle一点儿kindof有点alittlebit有点akindof一种allkindsof各种各样的

takeashower淋浴afterbreakfast早餐后doone’shomework做家庭作业helpsb.withsth/helpsb.dosth.帮助某人干某事

allnight整夜inthemorning/afternoonevening在上午/下午/晚上atnoon/night在中午/晚上bestwishes(toyou)最好的祝愿

tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人关于某事yourfavoritesubject你最喜欢的科目havemath/music上数学课/音乐课betired累

afterclass下课后afterschool放学后Class3Grade2二年级三班at6:00am在上午6点playwith和…一起玩havevolleyball打排球runaround到处跑penpal笔友befrom/comefrom来自于…livein住在….inChina在中国

writetosb.给某人写信posttosb.寄给某人postoffice邮局payphone投币式公用电话acrossfrom在…对面nextto靠近intheneighborhood附近between…and…在…和…之间infrontof在….前面队inthefrontof在…前部

gostraight直走go/walkdown顺着…走gothrough经过turnleft/rightat在…向左/右转ontheright在右边havefun/haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself玩得开心haveagoodtrip旅途愉快takeawalk/bus/taxi散步/乘巴士/乘出租车

takeaphoto/takephotos拍照thebeginningof…的开端keep/bequiet安静in/duringtheday在白天listento 听lookat看

shopassistant店员bankclerk银行职员TVstation电视台workwith和…一起工作goout出去TVshow电视节目study/workhard努力学习/工作givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.给某人某物getsth.fromsb.从某人那里得到某物notbad不错

workforsb.为…效力talkto/withsb.和某人交谈talkaboutsth.谈论某事talkonthephone打电话asksb.todosth.

asksb.sth.问某人某事waitfor等候atschool在学校(学习)inschool在学校readbooks看书onvacation度假

thankyoufordoingsth.谢谢你做某事thanksfor因…..谢谢你lieonthebeach躺在沙滩上playbeachvolleyball lookcool看上去酷looklike看起来像prettygood好极了longcurlyblackhair卷的黑色的长发mediumheight 中等身高

mediumbuild中等身材thecaptainof…的队长lovetodosth.喜爱做某事wouldlikesth/todosth.想要某物/做某事

likedoingsth.喜欢做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事telljokes讲笑话popsinger流行歌手whatsize什么型号/尺寸

beefandtomatonoodles牛肉西红柿面条orangejuice橘子汁greentea绿茶stayathome呆在家里allday整天haveaparty举行晚会dosomereading阅读practiceEnglish练习英语practicedoingsth.练习做某事talkshow 脱口秀

studyfothetest准备测验lastweekend上周末cleanone’sroom打扫房间goforawalk去散步goonvacation去度假

gotosummercamp去参加夏令营havefundoingsth.做某事玩得高兴inthewater在水中inthecorner在角落walkbackto走回到…decidetodosth.决定做某事theGreatWall长城thePalaceMuseum故宫Tian’anmenSquare thinkof认为,想到gameshow比赛节目soapopera肥皂剧sportsshows体育节目infact事实上inclass在课堂上

inthehallways在走廊里inthedininghall在餐厅enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事arrivelateforclass上课迟到goout出去

onschoolnights在有课的晚上toomanyrules太多规定makedinner做晚饭theChildren’sPalace少年宫haveto 不得不

onone’swayhome在某人回家的路上onone’swayto在某人去…的路上thewayto去…的路

2、常见词的辨析

(1)bring和takebring意为“拿来,取来,带来”,常和介词to连用;take意为“拿走,带走”。

(2)some和any两者都表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。some常用于肯定句中,any用于疑问句和否定句中。但在表示委婉语气、请示,希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,也可以用some。如:Thereissomemilkinthebottle.IsthereanymilkinthebottleThereisn’tanymilkinthebottle.CanIhavesomerice (希望得到肯定回答)

(3)need的用法need既是情态动词,又是实义动词,意为“需要”。作为情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,并且常用于否定句和疑问句中,后接动词原形。如:NeedIgonowSheneedn’tcomehere.

作实义动词时,后可接名词、不定式或动名词作宾语。注意用法:sb.needsth某人需要某物,sb.needtodosth.某人需要做某事,sth.needdoing=sth.needtobedone某物需要被…如:Ineedsomeapples.Sheneedstobuyanewskirt.Theclassroomneedscleaning.=Theclassroomneedstobecleaned. (4)intime及时,ontime按时Everydayshegoestoschoolontime.

(5)inthetree和onthetreeinthetree意为(其他东西)在树上,onthetree意为(树叶、果实)在树上Thebirdisinthetree.Theapplesareonthetree.

(6)onthedesk和atthedeskonthedesk意为在桌子上,atthedesk意为在桌子上(做事)。Heissittingonthedesk.Heisreadingbooksatthedesk.

(7)have和therebe两者都表示“有,拥有”。have常表示“某人有某物”,而therebe句型表示“某地有某物”。如:Shehasapetcat.Thereisacatunderthetable.

(8)runner和runningstarrunner意为赛跑选手,runningstar意为赛跑明星

(9)much和many两者都表示“许多”的意思,much修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词。与之类似的还有alittle 和afew,前者修饰不可数名词,后者修饰可数名词(注意:little和few表否定),而alotof和lotsof则既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。

(10)socks(短袜),shoes(鞋),pants(裤子),shorts(短裤),glasses(眼镜)等都是由不可分割的两部分组成的一个物品,常以复数形式出现,当它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。表示一双(副、对)时,要用apairof,如果词组作主语,谓语动词要根据pair的数来变化。如:apairofshortstwopairsofshorts

(11)when和whattime当询问某年、某月或某日时,一般用when,不用whattime;当询问具体的时刻(几点钟)时,一般用whattime.如:WhenisyourbirthdayWhattimeisit

(12)work和jobwork是不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用,一般指比较抽象的工作;job是可数名词,可与不定冠词连用,指具体的工作。如:What’syourfather’sjob

(13)数字的表示:21-99除整十位外,十位和个位间要加连字符“—”,如:twenty-one(序数词:twenty-first)百、千、百万、十亿后面不加s,且百和十之间要加and(其余的除非中间为零,否则不加and)如:720:sevenhundredandtwenty75720:seventy-fivethousand,sevenhundredandtwenty7005:seventhousandandfive thousandsof和hundredsof前面不能加数字,分别表示“几千”、“几百”

(14)look,see,watch,readlook强调看的动作,不及物动词,lookatme;see强调看的结果,及物动词;watch 意为“观看”,主要用于观看比赛或电视;read意为“读”,主要用于读书、读报等。

(15)listen和hearlisten强调听的动作,不及物动词,listentome;hear强调听的结果,及物动词。

(16)also和too两者都可表示“也”,also一般放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前,用于肯定句中;too一般放在句尾。(too如果放在句中——形容词的前面,表示“太”)

(17)speak,tell,talk,sayspeak常用作不及物动词,作及物动词时宾语为某种语言;tell意为“讲述,告诉”telljokes开玩笑,tellastory讲一个故事;talk“讲话,交谈”,不及物动词,常用于talkto/withsb.talkabout;say作及物动词或不及物动词,强调说话的内容。CanyousayitinEnglishCanyouspeakEnglish

(18)usually、often、always、sometimes、never等频率副词,在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。Sheisoftenlateforclass.Sheoftenarriveslateforclass.

(19)gotoschool,gettoschoolgotoschool去上学;gettoschool到达学校(与之类似的还有gohome和gethome.但地点副词home,here,there等前面不加介词)

(20)kindof,akindof,kindsofkindof表示“有点儿,有几分”;akindof表示“一种”,kindsof表示有多种。(21)other,theother,another,others,theothers

other意为“其他的”,后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词;如:Pleasegivemesomeotherbooks.

others意为“其他的人或物”,指剩余的部分,但不是剩余的全部,相当于other+名词复数,常与some构成“some…others…”句型;如:Somestudentslikeactionmovies,others(otherstudents)likecomedies.

theother意为“另一个”,特指两个中的另一个,常与one构成“one…theother…”句型;如:Ihavetwosweaters,oneisred;theotherisyellow.

theothers意为“另一些人或物”,指剩余的全部,相当于theother+名词复数,常与some构成“some…theothers…”;如:Therearethirtystudentsinourclass.Twentyaregirls,theothers (theotherstudents)areboys.

another意为“又一个,另一个”,泛指三个或三个以上的同类人或事物的不定数目中的另一个。如:Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink

(22)everyone,everybody,nobody,everything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:Everyonelikesmoney.

(23)名词作定语修饰名词时常用单数,但man,woman和sports例外。如:appletrees,girlstudents,menteachers,sportsshoes。

(24)单个形容词作定语时一般放在它所修饰词的前面,但形容词修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复合不定代词(something,somebody,anything,everything,nothing等)时,要放在复合不定代词的后面。如:Thisisadifficultquestion.

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

(25)形容词顺序:冠、数、性、大、形、年、色、国、材。比如头发:长短+形状+颜色,longcurlyblackhair。两个或两个以上的形容词作表语,通常在最后一个形容词前加and。Hersisteristall,youngandbeautiful. (26)else,other两者都表示“其他的”。

else既可作形容词又可作副词,作形容词时常放在疑问代词who,what,whose或不定代词something,anything,nothing,someone,anyone之后,如:WhatelsewouldyoulikeIsanyoneelsecominghere作副词时常置于疑问副词when,where等后面。Whenelsecanwemeetnexttime

other只能作形容词,后要接可数名词的复数或不可数名词,如:otherstudents.

(27)beinbed,onthebedbeinbed意为“睡觉”,表示人在床上一般用介词in,bed前不加冠词;但表示物在床上用介词on,onthebed表示物在床上。

(28)名词所有格表示有生命的东西或者国家、城市、时间等名词的所属关系:在单数名词词尾加’s,在以s结尾的复数名词词尾加’,在不规则复数名词词尾加’s如:Jim’sshirt,thestudents’basketball,Children’sDay,city’smuseum;表示无生命物体的名词所有格一般用of构成,如:thedooroftheroom,thenameoftheschool.

3、词性

名词、数词、代词既可作主语(行为的发起者),又可作宾语(行为的承受者)或表语。如Ilikeit.I和it都是代词,I作主语,it作宾语。有些名词后面加y或ly(重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的要双写辅音字母再加y)可以变成形容词,如:cloud(n.云),cloudy(adj.多云的),friend——friendly,sun——sunny,health ——healthy。

形容词可作定语修饰名词,也可作表语放在be动词之后,但形容词不可放在行为动词之后。如:acleverboy.(clever作定语)Theboyisclever.(clever作表语)有些形容词后面加ly可以变成副词,如:loud(adj.大声的),loudly(adv.大声地),heavy——heavily,quick——quickly.

副词分为一般副词、时间副词、地点副词和频率副词等。一般副词(adv.)放在行为动词后面,但不可放在be动词之后。如:studyhard,speakloudly,playitwell等;时间副词、地点副词一般放在句首或句尾(一般时间放在地点的后面),如:gohome(这里的home是地点副词),inthemorning等;频率副词在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。

动词在句中作谓语,分为be动词、行为动词、助动词和情态动词(后两者不能单独作谓语,后面加动词原形一起构成谓语)。一个单句中只能有一个谓语,如果已经有谓语了后面还有动词,那后面的动词需要变形(要么变成不定式,要么变成动名词或过去分词)。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词,前者后面可以直接加名词,后者必须加上介词后才能加名词,如:listen,look就是不及物动词,后面如果要加名词中间必须有介词。Listentome.Lookattheblackboard.

介词后面可以加名词或动名词,介词还可以构成很多短语。如:begoodatsth./begoodatdoingsth.

五、句型——一个单句只能有一个谓语

1、肯定句

句子中的谓语可以是be动词,行为动词或情态动词+行为动词。I’mGina.Shelikesactionmovies.ShecanspeakEnglish.

2、否定句

如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词,直接在be动词或情态动词后接not即可;如果谓语是行为动词,在行为动词前加助动词do(或did,does),行为动词变回原形。IamnotGina.Shedoesn’tlikeactionmovies.Shecan’tspeakEnglish.

3、一般疑问句

如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词,直接把be动词或情态动词提前即可(但要注意人称变化);如果谓语是行为动词,在行为动词前加助动词do(或did,does),然后把助动词提前,行为动词变回原形。AreyouGinaDoesshelikeactionmovies

CanshespeakEnglish

4、特殊疑问句

如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词,把be动词或情态动词提前再在句首加上特殊疑问词即可(但要注意人称变化);如果谓语是行为动词,在行为动词前加助动词do(或did,does),把助动词提前再在句首加上特殊疑问词,行为动词变回原形。Whoareyou/What’syournameWhatkindofmoviesdoesshelikeWhatlanguagecanshespeak 5、感叹句

两种句型:How+形容词+主语+谓语!(主、谓可以省略)Howcleverheis!/Howclever!

What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!(主、谓可以省略)Whatacleverboyheis!/Whatacleverboy! Whataninterestingstoryitis!注意:如果后面的名词为不可数名词或名词的复数,前面不加冠词。如:Whatniceweatheritis!

6、祈使句

(1)带有please的祈使句,please可放在句首或句尾,但放在句尾时,please前要加“,”。如:Pleaseopenthedoor.Openthedoor,please.

(2)命令式的祈使句。如:Don’tspeakloudlyintheclassroom.=Nospeakingloudlyintheclassroom.

常见句型:

What’syournameMynameisGina/I’mGina.IsthereyourpencilYes,itis/No,itisn’t.

What’sthisinEnglishIt’sapencil.

What’syourtelephonenumber/What’sthenumberofyourtelephoneIt’s281-9716.

HowdoyouspellpencilIt’sP-E-N-C-I-L.

Thisismybrother.Thesearemyfriends.IsthisyoursisterIsthatyourbrother Thanksforthephotoofyourfamily.Hereismyfamilyphoto.

WhereismybackpackIt’sunderthebed.AremybooksonthechairNo,theyaren’t/Yes,theyare./Idon’tknow. DoyouhaveasoccerballYes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Let’swatchTV.Thatsoundsgreat/good. DoesshelikepearsYes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.Whataboutyou

Hedoesn’tlikeicecream.Howaboutapples

HowmuchisthissweaterIt’seightdollars.Howmucharethesepants这条裤子多少钱?Theyarenineyuan. WhenisyourbirthdayMybirthdayisMay1st.HowoldareyouI’mthirteen.

DoyouwanttogotoamovieYes,Ido./No,Idon’t.

Whatkindofmoviesdoesshelike她喜欢哪种电影?Shelikescomediesbutshedoesn’tlikethrillers.

Whatmoviesdoeshelike他喜欢什么电影?HelikesHarryPotter.

CanhedanceYes,hecan./No,hecan’t.WhatclubdoeshewanttojoinHewantstojointhemusicclub. WhattimedoesshegetupShegetsupatsixo’clock. WhattimedoesyourmothereatbreakfastSheeatbreakfastatseveno’clock.

What’syourfavoritesubjectMyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.

WhydoyoulikeEnglishBecauseit’sfun.WhoisyourEnglishteacherMr.Ren.

Whereisyourpenpalfrom=WheredoesyourpenpalcomefromHeisfromAustralia.=HecomesfromAustralia. WheredoesheliveHelivesinSydney.WhatlanguagedoeshespeakHespeaksEnglish.

Isthereabanknearhere=IsthereabankintheneighborhoodYes,thereis.It’sonZhanqian Road.

WhereisNO.12Middles SchoolGodownZhanqian Roadandturnleftatthepostoffice.It’sacrossfromthelibrary. Whydon’tyoulikelionsBecausetheyarekindofunfriendly.

Whatdoeshedo=Whatishe=What’shisjobHeisadriver.WhatdoeshewanttobeHewantstobeanactor. WheredoessheworkSheworksinahospital.WhatareyoudoingIamdoingmyhomework. DoyouwanttogoswimmingYes,Ido.WhendoyouwanttogoAtthreeo’clock.

How’stheweather=What’stheweatherlikeIt’sraining.=It’srainy.

How’sitgoing=Howaregettingon最近怎么样?Prettygood.Notbad.It’sterrible.

IsUncleLithere李叔叔在吗?Who’sthat(打电话或别人敲门时)Who’sthatspeakingThisisLiLei.我是李雷。Whatdoeshelooklike他长的什么样?He’stall./Heisoftallheight.He’sshortandhehaslongstraightblackhair.

He’satallboywithlongcurlyblackhair.=He’stallandhehaslongcurlyblackhair.Hehasabigbeard. DoyouknowDavid,theshortmanwithfunnyglassesandabigbeard

WhatsizebowlofnoodleswouldyoulikeI’dlikealarge/medium/smallbowlofnoodles. WhatkindofnoodleswouldyoulikeI’dlikebeefandtomatonoodles,please.

What’syouraddressMyaddressis818 Zhanqian Road. WhatdidyoudolastweekendOnSaturdaymorningIcleanedmyroom.OnSaturdayafternoonIwenttothemovies. HowwasyourweekendItwasgreat.WheredidyougoonvacationWewenttothepark. HowwastheweatherItwasrainy.WhatdoyouthinkofsoapoperasIdon’tmindthem./Ican’tstandthem./Ilikethem verymuch.Idon’tmindthem,either.Ilove“Tellitlikeitis!”我喜欢“实话实说!”Ido,too.

Don’teatinclass!CanwewearhatsWedon’thavetowearaschooluniform.Notalkingloudlyintheclassroom.

六、可数名词单数变复数

1.基本变化规则

①一般在名词后加s,变成复数。如boy→boys,pen→pens等。

②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的,在后面加es。如class→classes,fox→foxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches。但stomach的复数为stomachs。

③“以辅音字母+y”结尾的,y变为i,然后再加es。如baby→babies。

④以f或fe结尾的名词英语中共有100多个,其中直接加s的有92个,但这些绝大多数不常用,如safe,roof,belief等;把f或fe改为v,再加es的只有13个,但13个都是常用的名词,如thief,life,wife,shelf,self,knife,half,leaf,wolf等。

⑤以o结尾的名词,除hero,tomato,potato等少数在后面加es外,一般是在后面直接加s。如kilo→kilos,photo→photos,zoo→zoos,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos。

2.不规则变化

名词单数变复数的不规则变化要注意以下几点:

①含man的名词,一般变man为men。如woman→women,policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen。但

German→Germans。

②将oo改为ee的有foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese等。

③复数以en结尾的有child→children,ox→oxen等。

④将ouse改为ice的有mouse→mice,louse→lice(虱子)等。

⑤单复数同形的有sheep,deer,fish,means,works(工厂),Swiss,Japanese,Chinese等。(注意fish意为“一条条鱼”时,是可数名词,但单复数同形,意为“鱼肉”时,是不可数名词;fishes意为“不同种类的鱼”)

七、时态:时态的变化主要体现在时间和动词的形式上。

1、一般现在时

(1)含义:表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,表示主语具备的性格和能力。常有always,often,usually,every 等提示词。

(2)动词的变化:只有第三人称单数作主语时,动词才有变化;其余的作主语,动词保持原形。

一般动词在词尾加s如:Helikesswimming.Hedoesn’tlikeswimming.Ilikeswimming.

以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词后加es。如:Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先变y为i,再加es。如:Hestudieshard.

2、现在进行时

(1)含义:表示说话时动作正在发生或进行,表示现阶段或不限于说话时特定的时间范围内进行的动作,有时还能表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作。常有now,atpresent,atthismoment,look,listen等提示语。

(2)动词的变化:be动词(随人称变化而变化)+动词的现在分词

一般动词在词尾加ing如:HeisstudyingEnglishnow.

以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去e再加ing如:Sheishavingbreakfast.Sheistakingaphoto.

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母(除r外)的动词,先双先辅音字母再加ing如:Sheisrunning.Iamswimming.

以ie结尾且是重读音节的动词,先把ie变成y再加ing如:Theyarelyingonthebeach. Heiscomingbacktomorrow.(用现在时表示已经计划和安排好了的、即将发生的动作。)

Heisalwaystellinglies.(用现在时表示反复出现的问题,带有感情色彩)

3、过去时

(1)含义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常有过去时间等提示语。

(2)动词的变化:动词变过去式。

一般动词在词尾加ed如:Icleanedmyroomonlastweekends.Iplayedbasketballwithmyfriendsjustnow.

以e结尾的动词在词尾加d如:Idecidedtobuyacomputeryesterday.

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先变y为i,再加ed如:Yesterday,IstudiedEnglishfor2hours.

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母(除r外)的动词,先双先辅音字母再加ed.如:Istoppedtalkingwhenhecamein.

不规则动词的过去式:is/am—was,are—were,do—did,go—went,have—had,buy—bought,teach—taught,can —could,will—would,read—read,let—let,put—put,bring—brought,come—came,run—ran,say—said,write—wrote,spend—spent,eat—ate,take—took,get—got,see—saw,hear—heard等。

八、人称代词

如:Iloveyou,andyouloveme.Thisismypen,thatismine.Doityourself.

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